• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제72권5호
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• pp.416-425
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• 2012

Background: The sensitivities and specificities of interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) vary among different population studies, and the data on the routine use of IGRAs are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) test in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis. Methods: We conducted a prospective study, enrolling 77 patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), at a secondary care teaching hospital in Seoul. Results: In total, 12 (15.6%) patients showed indeterminate results due to positive control failure on the QFT-GIT test. Indeterminate results were significantly associated with the elderly, history of the intensive care unit stay, lymphocytopenia, especially low CD4 count, increased C-reactive protein and decreased protein levels. Of the 77 patients, 44 (57.1%) were diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis, and the percentage of false negative results of the QFT-GIT was 36.4% (vs. 31.8% with TST). In the TB group with >65 years old (n=12), the proportions of the indeterminate (33.3% vs. 3.1%) and the false negative results (58.3% vs. 25.0%) of the QFT-GIT were significantly higher than in the younger TB group (n=32). Conclusion: Indeterminate and false negative results of QFT-GIT test were not infrequent in tuberculosis, especially in the elderly. Care should be considered for the interpretation with the elderly, immunocompromised, chronic and severely diseased patients.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.97-102
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• 1999

In order to investigate the regional distribution and relative frequency of the serotonin-, somatostatin- and motilin-immunoreactive cells in the gastrointestinal tract GIT) of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) with developmental stages, group of bullfrogs subdivided into the tadpole with hindlegs, metamorphosed bullfrog with tail, 2 wk after metamorphosed bullfrog and adult bullfrog, were stained by immunohistochemical methods (PAP methods). Multifarious changes of the regional distribution and relative frequency of the gastrointestinal endocrine cells were observed as developmental stages but motilin-immunoreactive cell ere not detected in this study. Serotonin-immunoreactive cells were detected from 2 wk after metamorphosed bullfrog in the whole GIT. The positive cells were predominant in the pylorus regions. In the adult bullfrog, these cells increased in fundus. On the other hand, somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were observed from the tadpole with hindlegs in the stomach regions. In the metamorphosed bullfrog with tail, they were found in the whole GIT except for the ileum, and increased with developmental stages except for rectum. In the rectum, these cells were not detected after that period. Our results show that most of the immunoreactive cells appear from completed metamorphosed periods when the histological structure of GIT is completely differentiated.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 1995

도롱뇽(Hynobius leechii)의 위장관 내분비세포를 면역조직화학적으로 관찰하였던 바, BPP 면역반응세포는 유문부에서 중등도, 십이지장과 소장에서 소수로 관찰되었다. 중등도의 somatostatin 면역반응세포는 유문부에 국한되어 출현하였다. 5-HT 면역반응세포는 전장관에 걸쳐 출현하였으나 유문부에서 다수 그리고 직장에서 극소수로 분포하였다. 특히 BPP와 5-HT면역반응세포는 도롱뇽에서 최초로 동정하였다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제75권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2013

Background: We investigated the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among the health care workers (HCWs) and analyzed its risk factors in South Korea. Methods: A standard questionnaire regarding the baseline demographics and risk factors for LTBI was given to each participant and tuberculin skin test (TST), QuantiFERON-TB GOLD In-Tube (QFT-GIT) assay, and chest radiography were performed. Results: A total of 493 participants, 152 (30.8%) doctors and 341 (69.2%) nurses were enrolled in eight tertiary referral hospitals. The mean age of the subjects was 30.6 years old, and 383 (77.7%) were female. Of the 152 doctors, 63 (41.4%) and 36 (23.7%) were positive by TST and by QTF-GIT, respectively, and among the 341 nurses, 119 (34.9%) and 49 (14.4%) had positive TST and QFT-GIT results, respectively. Overall, the agreement between the two tests was 0.22 by the chance corrected proportional agreement rate (kappa coefficient) in 493 subjects. Experience of working in tuberculosis (TB)-related departments was significantly associated with positive LTBI test results by QFT-GIT assay, not by TST. In multivariate analysis, only age was independently associated with increased risk of a positive TST result, while age and experience of working in TB-related departments (odds ratio, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-5.12) were independently associated with increased risk of a positive QFT-GIT result. Conclusion: A high prevalence of LTBI was found among South Korean HCWs. Considering the association between the experience of working in TB-related departments and high risk of LTBI, QFT-GIT may be a better diagnostic test for LTBI than TST in HCWs.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2003

The objectives of this study are to consider the shape for children's Saenghwal Hanbok and to analyze the trend up to date. Conclusions are described as follows: 1. Children's Saenghwal Hanbok was found in magazine about Hanbok from 1994. The design was various, for it was influenced by adult's Saenghwal Hanbok. From 1997, design of children's Saenghwal Hanbok was come to stay in a revival mood. 2. The Jeogori shape for children's Saenghwal Hanbok was as follows: Git was used several traditional git and western color from the initial to the recent period: Dong-Jeong was not attached in the initial period, but mostly attached with its ends sauare from 1997; Seop was not attached or transformed in the initial period, but attached in a traditional way (trapezoid-shaped) or a new way(rectangle-shaped) from 1998. The front was fastened on the right chest; the sleeves wert long or above-elbow or three quarter sleeve; Baerae was a curved shape in the initial period, but changed into a near-straight line with a slight curve; Jin-Dong line was straight for boys, but curve or not to be tot girls; Pocket was attached for boys, not attached for girls.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.357-363
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• 1999

아파트 경비원들의 교대근무, 좁은 공간에서의 근무 등에 기인하는 여러 증상 및 이에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하기 위해 182명의 아파트 경비원을 대상으로 한 연구 결과는 다음과 갈다. 1) 조사된 아파트 경비원 중 97명(53.3%)에서 소화기장애 증상을 보였으며, 평균 1개의 소화기장애 증상을 가지고 있었다. 2) 연구대상자의 83.5%에서 한 가지 이상의 신체화 증상을 보였으며, 평균 3.1개의 신체화 증상을 가지고 있었다. 3) 연구대상자의 79.7%에서 한 가지 이상의 우울증상을 보였으며, 평균 3.7개의 우울증상을 가지고 있었다. 4) 연령 및 배우자 유무에 따라서는 소화기 장애점수, 신체화 장애점수, 우울점수 모두 차이가 없었으나 학력에 따라서는 소화기 장애점수는 차이가 있었다. 5) 건강관련 행태 중 음주 및 흡연여부, 운동유무에 따라서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 규칙적 식사유무와 주관적 건강상태에 따라 소화기 장애접수, 신체화 장애점수, 우울점수 모두 유의한 차이가 있었다. 6) 업무와 관련된 특성 중 교대주기, 종사기간, 관리가구 수에 따라서는 차이가 없었으나, 업무만족도에 따라 신체화 장애점수, 우울점수는 유의한 차이가 있었다. 추후 추적조사 및 심층면담을 통한 조사를 통하여 건강근로자효과(healthy worker effect)에 의한 영향 및 다른 교대업무와의 차이점에 대한 조사가 필요하다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.275-285
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• 2006

With these excavated clothes discussed above, the clothing style before and after the Chosun-Japan War from 1592 to 1597 can be summarized as follows. 1) Shroud was a clothes newly made for funeral or usually worn by the deceased. Shroud was mostly a unlined clothes whose adjustment was made in such way its left part was on top of its right one. Yeomeui, a clothes used to wrap up the body of the deceased or fill between the body and the coffin, was usually lined or quilted. Suryeeui was a suit sent by close relatives of the deceased or granted by the court. Mostly padded with cotton or quilted, suryeeui was used only for yeomeui. 2) The term of ching was used to count units of po and suits of trousers and jeogori during dressing the deceased for burial. If trousers and jeogori were not joined into a suit, they were not counted as ching. 3) Aekjueumpo, bangryeongsangeui, three-forked trousers and haengjeon for women were all clothes worn around the war. All these clothes were not worn after the war. 4) Several types of po which were discovered in Daejeon included danryeong, simeui, nansam, jikryeong, cheolik, aekjuempo, changeui and jungchimak for men and jangeui for women. Often, jikryeong, cheolrik, aekjueumpo and bangryeongsangeui were used before the war and changeui and jungchimak since then. 5) The git of jeogori had the style of mokpan git before the war, which was changed into that of dangko git through making the rectangular ege of mokpan git rounded in the 17th century. And jeogori became entirely small sized and the baerae line of sleeve became oblique. 6) In funeral rites of Daejon, simeui and nansam both of which were symbols of Confucian scholars, instead of official uniforms, were used as funeral garments. This suggests that funeral rites of Daejeon considerably reflected academic traditions of the Giho school meaning groups of scholars representing the region.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 1995

아무르장지뱀(Takydromus amurensis)의 위장관 점막에 분포하는 내분비세포의 분포와 출현빈도 및 세포의 종류를 알아보기 위하여 몇가지 도은법 및 면역조직화학적 방법으로 관찰하였다. Grimelius법에만 염색된 은호성세포(argyrophil cell)는 유문부에 다수로 십이지장에 중등도로 국한되어 출현하였다. 한편 bovine CG면역반응세포는 유문부에서 최고의 빈도로 전장관에 걸쳐 분포하였다. BPP면역반응세포는 소장부위에서만 동정되었다. 따라서 아무르장지뱀의 위장관 내분비세포에서 은호성세포와 bovine CG면역반응세포는 분포와 출현빈도에서 일치하지 않았다.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2023년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.805-806
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• 2023

본 논문에서는 무료 Git 저장소로 전 세계 1억 명 이상의 IT개발자가 사용하는 Github[1]의 commit 수와 issue 해결 등의 사용 시 토큰을 차등 부여해 사용자 종합 순위를 선정하고 정량적인 성취 수준을 파악할 수 있는 시스템을 마련해 개발자들의 건전한 경쟁심과 개발 욕구를 향상시키는 애플리케이션을 개발하였다.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제34권5_6호
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• pp.405-419
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• 2016

The notion of Γ-semiring was introduced by M. Murali Krishna Rao [8] as a generalization of Γ-ring as well as of semiring. In this paper fuzzy k-ideals, k-fuzzy ideals and fuzzy-2-prime ideals in Γ-semirings have been introduced and study the properties related to them. Let μ be a fuzzy k-ideal of Γ-semiring M with |Im(μ)| = 2 and μ(0) = 1. Then we establish that M_μ is a 2-prime ideal of Γ-semiring M if and only if μ is a fuzzy prime ideal of Γ-semiring M.