• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.110-123
• /
• 2023

As social distancing strengthened after the COVID-19 incident, people looked for things they could do alone. Additionally, as people have more financial resources, they purchase products they had previously considered purchasing, and the phenomenon of giving gifts to oneself has also appeared. Accordingly, this study analyzed fashion product reviews of KakaoTalk Gift, the service to exchange gift via SNS mobile app, to discover the phenomenon of self-gifting and the differences from interpersonal-gifting. For post-hoc data, in collected 18,354 pieces after excluding unnecessary data using a Python-based web crawling technique. The self-gifting behavior of KakaoTalk Gift different from the previous study for self-gift. Regardless of the gift-giving contexts, it determines that most self-gift products are material items. There are differences in product types and price levels when choosing gifts for others and oneself. As a self-gift, people typically buy luxury jewelry and branded bags/wallets to wear and show off. As interpersonal, among fashion products, people usually buy beauty products that reflect less personal tastes. When gift-giving to others, people buy products to appropriate prices to reduce the burden on both. When gift-giving to oneself, people buy wanted products regardless of the price. This study is significant because it suggests a new direction in self-gift research by limited online places to give gifts.

• Asia Marketing Journal
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.160-172
• /
• 2023

This study examines factors influencing gift sharing on social media. An online survey gathered data from American adults. It investigates how motivations for social media content posting, gift attributes, giver characteristics, and recipient reactions affect gift-sharing behavior. Findings show self-expression motives in content posting drive sharing, while social interaction motives do not. Gifts perceived as experiential and expensive are more likely to be shared. Recipient-centric gifts positively influence gift sharing, while giver-centric gifts hinder sharing. Attitude towards the gift predicts sharing, while appreciation does not. The study enhances understanding of gift sharing on social media and offers marketing insights for leveraging this behavior.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.95-105
• /
• 2020

Purpose: Will more expensive gifts be more pleasurable and appreciated? This is a general expectation of gift-givers. According to the previous study on Americans (Flynn and Adams 2009), recipients tend to appreciate gifts regardless of their price. It indicates that there is an interaction effect between position (giving / receiving) and gift price. This study expands the previous study and aims to answer the following two questions: "Are such an interaction effect observed in Korean, too?" and "What types of people prefer expensive gifts?" Research design, data, and methodology: Study 1 of the current research repeated the Study 3 of Flynn and Adams (2009), with an iPod (high-priced gift condition) and a music CD (low-priced gift condition). That is, a 2 (gift price: high / low) x 2 (position: giver / receiver) between-group design was used. Study 2 used gift certificates of 100,000 won (high-priced gift condition) and 5,000-won gift (low-priced gift condition). Unlike the previous study that measured only one dependent variable (gratitude), this study added five more dependent variables in an attempt to exclude alternative explanations, such as endowment effects or emotional conflicts. This study also measured individualism / collectivism, face sensitivity, and materialism to explore the types of people who prefer expensive gifts. Results: The interaction effect between gift price and position on the level of appreciation was not significant. Meanwhile the main effect of gift price and of position were significant. The gift-recipient was more appreciative than the gift-givers' expectation regardless of the price of gifts. To investigate individual differences, individualism/collectivism, face sensitivity, and materialism were examined, but none of these variables were significantly related to the preference for expensive gifts. Respondents who received gift certificates in Study 2 were less grateful than those who received iPods or music CDs in Study 1. Conclusions: This study found that Koreans tend to be more grateful if they receive expensive gifts, in contrast to the Flynn and Adams (2009)'s study with Americans. In addition, gift-recipients appreciated more than givers' expectation and were more grateful when they received tangible products rather than gift certificates.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.817-825
• /
• 1996

A portion of several previous studies has been that when a product is to be presented as a gift it entaials a greater expenditure of time and money than when the same product is to be used by the buyer. While this might suggest that gift-giving is an especially involving purchasing sitution, the research to date has not been consistent in its evidence to support this view. One reason for this inconsistency in findings may be suggested that different gift-giving situations show considerably different levels of givers' task involvement. The present study designs to gain some descreptive understanding of the clothing gift-giving, and to test the relationship between varibles related to clothing gift-giving and task involvement of clothing gift-giving through different gift-giving senarios. Data (N=463) were collected via a questionnaire from housewives living in Pusan, and were analyzed by factor analysis, t-test, and cannonical analysis. Results support that differences in task involvement of clothing gift -giving cause different consumer behaviors in relation to clothing gift-giving.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.257-270
• /
• 1992

Gift giving is usually conducted at festive days, Christmas or Parent's day. When consumers purchase gifts, they have some troubles about efficiency and economy of gifts. The issues about gifts purchase also involve the conceptualizing and establishing evaluative measure of gifts. In order to solve some problems concerning to gift giving, it is necessary to define the concept of gift giving above all. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to establish the concept of gift giving in heop of the study of anthropology and sociology about the beginning of gifts. And it attempts to review on gift giving in the field of consumer behavior. So, first this article proposes that the core concept of gift giving is a reciprocity. It means the obligatory system performed among small groups or individuals. Second, in order to analize the gift giving process, it needs to involve important variables-gift occasion and motivation of gift giving, and intimacy relationship.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.1-21
• /
• 2015

Recently, many companies have launched a new business model related to the mobile gift service in order to achieve or sustain a competitive advantage in the fast-growing mobile market. Due to the well combination of mobile technology advantages and offline gift-giving motivations, a mobile gift service has been proliferating over recent years. Although the motivation of mobile gift purchasing behavior can be different from that of offline gift purchasing behavior, there is still a lack of research on what factors are influencing and how they are impacting mobile gift purchasing behavior under diverse gift-giving settings. Therefore, based on both exchange and motivation theories as well as literature review, this study identified three influencing factors-economic (immediate rewards, convenience), social (friendship needs, reputation), and personal (enjoyment, self-satisfaction) benefits-and validated their impacts on intention to repurchase a mobile gift. Moreover, the moderating roles of intimacy and gift price in the relationships between benefits and mobile gift repurchasing intention were examined. The results provide many implications for marketing managers on how to enhance consumers' intention to repurchase, which in turn leads to sales and increased profit.

• Knowledge Management Research
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.107-128
• /
• 2014

From old times, companies have created profits by developing business models utilizing their friendship with customers, so the relationships can be connected to the activity giving a gift. This activity of giving a gift is developed as the service of giving gifts via social network services (SNS) as the use of SNS and smart phones is recently increased in relation to that, this study set the online friendship desire and the SNS gift convenience as the intrinsic motive and the extrinsic motive of the SNS gift behavior, respectively. This study identified how the interactivity's sub factors influenced on the online friendship desire/SNS gift convenience by reorganizing the interactivity's sub factors in the mobile context. As the results of this study, it was found that the connectedness, the synchronicity and playfulness positively influenced on the online friendship desire for the SNS gift convenience, the only connectedness positively influenced on it. And it was identified that the SNS gift convenience and the online friendship desire positively influenced on the SNS gift intention. This study is academically meaningful in that it conducted an empirical research by focusing on the friendship desire in relation to the SNS gift. Besides, through the results of this study, the online friendship desire and the SNS gift convenience will have to be considered as providing any SNS gift service, and that is expected to create knowledge for SNS business model to companies.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.349-356
• /
• 2020

GIFT is a PRESENT-like cryptographic algorithm proposed in CHES 2017 and used S-box that can be implemented through a bit-slice technique[1]. Since bit-permutation is used as a linear layer, it can be efficiently implemented in hardware, but bit-slice implementation in software requires a specific conversion process, which is costly. In this paper, we propose a new bit-permutation that enables efficient bit-slice implementation and GIFT-64-variant using it. GIFT-64-variant has better safety than the existing GIFT in terms of differential and linear cryptanalysis.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.607-615
• /
• 2022

The SITM (See-In-The-Middle) proposed in CHES 2020 is a methodology for side-channel assisted differential cryptanalysis. This technique analyzes the power traces of unmasked middle rounds in partial masked SPN block cipher implementation, and performs differential analysis with the side channel information. Blockcipher GIFT is a lightweight blockcipher proposed in CHES 2017, designed to correct the well-known weaknesses of block cipher PRESENT and provide the efficient implementation. In this paper, we propose SITM attacks on partial masked implementation of GIFT-128. This attack targets 4-round and 6-round masked implementation of GIFT-128 and time/data complexity is 2^14.01 /2^14.01, 2¹⁶ /2¹⁶. In this paper, we compare the masterkey recovery logic available in SITM attacks, establishing a criterion for selecting more efficient logic depending on the situation. Finally, We introduce how to apply the this attack to GIFT-COFB, one of the finalist candidates in NIST lightweight cryptography standardization process.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.99-106
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of perceived risk and psychological distance on purchase intention when purchasing a gift. It focuses on social distances and temporal distances, and aims to identify the interactions between these psychological distances and perceived risk. Data were collected through experiments. Research design, data and methodology: The experiment was carried out through the design of 2 (perceived risk: high/low) × 2 (social distance: far / near) × 2 (temporal distance: far / near) between-subjects design. Participants were 241 undergraduates from two universities in Chungnam and Gangwon, and randomly assigned to one of eight groups. Results: It was confirmed that there is a difference in purchase intention according to the risk perceived by consumers when purchasing a gift. In particular, the difference in purchase intention based on the risk perceived by the buyer was found to be greater as the social distance between the gift giver and the recipient is shorter. In addition, it was confirmed that the intention to purchase a gift was simultaneously influenced by three factors: social distance, perceived risk, and time remaining to purchase a gift. In other words, when both temporal distance and social distance were short, the difference in purchase intention according to perceived risk was greatest. Conclusions: The purpose of this study was to examine how the relationship between perceived risk and purchase intention when purchasing a gift varies with psychological distance. This study found that the closer the relationship between the gift purchaser and the beneficiary and the shorter the time remaining before the gift purchase, the greater the difference in the willingness to purchase due to the perceptual risk. In practice, the results of this study can be used to establish sales promotion strategies for various gift products. Above all, the closer the relationship between the gift buyer and the person receiving the gift, the more differentially there should be a guarantee program that can reduce or eliminate the risk perceived by the buyer. There is also a need to use step-by-step product recommendation programs that can reduce perceptual risk depending on the time remaining until a particular season, such as graduation or Christmas.