• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.392-400
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze the physiological activity and antibiosis of mulberry powder by extract method. The total phenol content of mulberry powder extracted with methanol was 82.9 mg/g, while that of powder extracted with water was 46.9 mg/g. Extractions with methanol were therefore more effective than with water. The total flavonoid contents of mulberry powder extracted with methanol was 13.0 mg/g, while that of powder extracted with water was 9.4 mg/g. Also, the nitrite-scavenging ability of mulberry powder was lower than ascorbic acid and BHT. The SOD-like activity of mulberry powder extracts, natural antioxidant, and artificial antioxidant at 5 mg/mL arranged in order of decreasing concentration were ascorbic acid (98.3%) > BHT (88.1%) > water extract (9.8%) > methanol extract (3.0%). And, the OH radical scavenging activities of mulberry powder extracts and natural antioxidant at 5 mg/mL in order of decreasing concentration was ascorbic acid (97.0%) > methanol extract (46.2%) > water extract (35.8%). The antimicrobial effects of mulberry powder extracted with methanol could be detected on Bacillus cereus ($10,000{\mu}g/disc$) and Staphylococcus aureus ($10,000{\mu}g/disc$).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.152-157
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• 2006

A new procedure has been developed for the quantitation of aromatic amines in mainstream cigarette smoke. Two solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean up steps, using a different retention mechanisms, are required to process the samples. The first step used a cation-exchange cartridge, followed by a second step that used a cartridge with a hydrophobic retention character. The aromatic amines eluted from the second SPE cartridge are derivatized with pentafluoropropionic anhydride. This new method have advantages over other reported techniques, being sensitive, robust, and easily automated. The detection limits were ranged from 0.12 ng/mL for 1-aminonaphthalene to 0.16 ng/mL for 3-aminobiphenyl and the recoveries were from 97 to 106%. Compared with other reports for analysis of 2R4F reference cigarette, this method shows a close analytical data and good repeatability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2014

A matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) method was developed for extracting and cleaning-up the selected agrochemicals in tobacco using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring (GC/MS-SIM). Different parameters of the method were investigated and optimized, such as the type of solid-phase (alumina, $C_{18}$ and Florisil) and eluent (acetone, acetonitrile, ethylacetate and n-hexane). The best results were obtained using 0.5 g of tobacco sample, 1.0 g of $C_{18}$ as dispersant sorbent, 1.0 g of Florisil as clean-up sorbent and acetonitile saturated with n-hexane as eluting solvent. The method was validated using tobacco samples fortified with agrochemicals at their different concentration levels. This method gave good linearity for the selected agrochemicals of ranging from $0.01{\mu}g/mL$ to $0.1{\mu}g/mL$. Recoveries of the selected agrochemicals in tobacco were more than 80 % and reproducibilities were found to be better than 10 % RSD. Those results suggested that the analytical procedure including MSPD method in combining with GC/MS could be applicable to the rapid determination often the selected agrochemicals in tobacco.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.304-309
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to develop kitchen furniture design for 40-pyung apartment Houses based on stored item of Cooking, Eating and Utility Area. The research data is gotten at a field study of stored items of Cooking, Eating and Utility Area and depth interview. The results of this study were as follows; 1)The kitchen furniture the preparation unit and the sink, the kitchen table, the heating unit and the service table, arranged at the tall storage. 2)The total bulk considered and holding volume ($2.7m^3$) with ground clearance (40%) planned with about $4.21m^3$. 3)Assumed at height and 162cm did a lower part height with 860mm and the upper depth 340mm, did with 700mm where raises. the storage the ceiling which raises will select and considered and with 2200mm did. 4)Arrangement of the kitchen the kitchen form which is an open type (L/DK or L.D.K) arranged many in forms of letter.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.1205-1213
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• 2013

We investigated the optimum salinity and temperature conditions for the mass culture of small rotifer, Keratella sp.. In the salinity experiment ranging from 0-34‰, the population growth of Keratella sp. drastically increased continuously up to 15‰, and then slightly increased over 20‰. Their maximum density reached 1,007 inds./mL at 0‰. A pre-reproductive phase was shorter in low salinity than in high salinity. The highest number of offspring per female (10.2 inds.) and lifespan of the female (10.7 days) were obtained at 0‰, but there were no significant differences compared to those at 5‰. In the temperature experiments ranging from 16-$32^{\circ}C$, the highest maximum density (1,766 inds./mL) was shown at $24^{\circ}C$. The number of offspring per female significantly increased with increasing temperature, and the highest number of offspring per female was 10.4 inds. at $24^{\circ}C$. The lifespan of female increased with decreasing temperature and the longest lifespan was 12.8 days at $16^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.116-123
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• 2010

Rapid detection of foodborne pathogens has been a major challenge for the food industry. Salmonella contamination is well known in all foods including pasteurised milk. The possibility of specific detection of Salmonella Enteritidis by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor was explored using a commercially available portable SPR sensor. Self assembly technique was adopted to immobilize anti-Salmonella antibodies on the gold sensing surface of the SPR sensor. The concentration of polyclonal antibody for use in the SPR biosensor was chosen to 1.0 mg/mL. Experiments were conducted at near real-time with results obtained for one SPR biosensor assay within 1 hour. The limit of detection for Salmonella Enteritidis was determined to be $10^6$ CFU/mL in both PBS buffer and milk samples. The assay sensitivity was not significantly affected by milk matrix. Our results showed that it would be possible for employing the SPR biosensor to detect Salmonella Enteritidis in near real-time.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 2013

This study was performed to develop a rapid test kit for pathogenic Staphylococcus in various samples. The rapid detection kit has been fabricated based on nitrocellulose lateral-flow strip. Colloidal gold and Staphylococcus antibodies were used as a tag and a receptor, respectively. Manually spotted Staphylococcus antibody and anti-mouse antibody on the surface of nitrocellulose membrane were used as test and control lines, respectively. Feasibility of the rapid kit to detect Staphylococcus aureus in samples were evaluated. The intensity of the color of the test line started to increase with the samples in which higher concentration of the cells were contained. The sensitivity of the sensor was $10^6$ cfu/mL Staphylococcus spiked in PBS. Also, the rapid test kit could detect $10^5$ cfu/mL of Staphylococcus in chicken meat extract.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.1015-1020
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• 2019

Staphylococcus aureus is a representative pathogenic bacterium carefully controlled in the dairy industry because it causes bovine mastitis and thus, can enter the dairy chain. Furthermore, the emergence of multi-drug resistant S. aureus is a big problem. We previously isolated a Lactococcus lactis strain producing a bacteriocin that exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. In this study, we investigated the synergistic inhibition of S. aureus by the bacteriocin and a bacteriophage (SAP84) which is specific to the organism. The bacteriocin (12.5-100 AU/mL) inhibited the growth of S. aureus KCTC 3881 in a dose-dependent manner, as did the bacteriophage SAP84 (0.001-1 MOI; multiplicity of infection). Co-treatment with the bacteriocin (100 AU/mL) and the bacteriophage (0.1 MOI) significantly inhibited the growth of S. aureus compared to each treatment alone (bacteriocin or bacteriophage), indicating the two components showed synergistic inhibition of S. aureus. Therefore, the bacteriocin and bacteriophage combination can be used as a good strategy for controlling pathogenic bacteria.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1191-1196
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• 2008

The antibacterial and antioxidant potentials of extruded ginseng extract (EGE) with 60% ethanol and methanol were investigated. The inhibitory activity of the EGE in Gram-positive bacteria was significantly higher than in Gram-negative bacteria. Higher antibacterial activity was observed with methanol ginseng extract when moisture content and barrel temperature were 20% and $115^{\circ}C$, respectively, that diameter of inhibition zone at 1,500 mg/mL was $15.40{\pm}0.13\;mm$ for Bacillus subtilis and $9.31{\pm}0.05\;mm$ for Salmonella typhimurium. The amount of total phenolics was highest in extruded ginseng at 20% moisture content and $115^{\circ}C$ barrel temperature. Especially, a positive correlation was observed between the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the extracts. In the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl radical (DPPH) system, all tested extract of extruded ginseng at 20% moisture content exhibited very strong antioxidant properties when compared to red ginseng with percent scavenging effect of 23-35% at 20mg/mL. In conclusion, it can be said that the extracts of extruded ginseng could be used as natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents in the food preservation.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.850-856
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• 2008

White, red, and extruded ginsengs were studied against 8 strains of food-borne pathogens and/or food spoilage microorganisms. The ginseng powders were extracted with different extractants and screened for antimicrobial activity using the disc diffusion and broth dilution techniques. The results showed that the yield of extraction was higher with increase of aqueous solution content and temperature. Preliminary screening revealed that the red ginseng extracts were most active, that has been found to be highly effective against all tested microbe except Listeria monocytogenes. Moreover, Bacillus subtilis has shown highly susceptible, which the diameters of inhibition zone values of 28 extracts were between 7 and 14 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) recorded for the different crude ginseng extracts against microorganism using ranged from 6.25 to 100 mg/mL, indicated that the methanol extract of ginseng were more effective than ethanol and water extracts. The 60% methanol extract of red ginseng had the greatest effects against B. subtilis with MIC and MBC values at 6.25 mg/mL.