• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.505-511
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• 2013

막걸리 제조 시에 발생하는 부산물의 화장품 소재 가능성을 조사하기 위하여 항산화능, 페놀 함량, 코지산 함량, 미백, 주름 개선 효과 등을 분석하였다. 누룩박, 미박, 원주, 시판제품을 5가지 다른 용매(0, 25, 50, 75, 100% 에탄올)로 $20^{\circ}C$와 $50^{\circ}C$에서 각각 추출하였다. 총 페놀 함량은 $20^{\circ}C$에서 추출하였을 때 누룩박의 에탄올 75% 추출물에서 13.26 mg GAE/g으로 가장 높았으며, $50^{\circ}C$에서는 시판 제품의 에탄올 75% 추출물에서 16.66 mg GAE/g으로 가장 높았다. 가장 높은 코지산 함량은 $20^{\circ}C$에서 누룩박의 0% 에탄올 추출물에서 관찰되었고, $50^{\circ}C$에서 추출한 모든 시료에서 코지산은 검출되지 않았다. $20^{\circ}C$에서 제조한 누룩박, 미박 추출물에서 상당한 항산화능(DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거능, 환원력)이 확인되었다. Tyrosinase 저해능으로 분석한 미백 효과는 $50^{\circ}C$에서 누룩박의 75% 에탄올 추출물이 가장 높았다. 누룩박과 미박은 elastase 저해능도 발견되어 주름 개선 효과가 있음을 확인하였으며, 특히 $20^{\circ}C$에서의 미박 추출물이 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과는 막걸리 제조 부산물이 항산화, 미백, 주름 개선의 기능을 가진 화장품 소재로서의 가능성이 있음을 시사한다.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.254-260
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• 2014

Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) has been used to estimate the fixed effects and random effects of complex traits. Traditionally, genomic relationship matrix-based (GRM) and random marker-based BLUP analyses are prevalent to estimate the genetic values of complex traits. We used three methods: GRM-based prediction (G-BLUP), random marker-based prediction using an identity matrix (so-called single-nucleotide polymorphism [SNP]-BLUP), and SNP-SNP variance-covariance matrix (so-called SNP-GBLUP). We used 35,675 SNPs and R package "rrBLUP" for the BLUP analysis. The SNP-SNP relationship matrix was calculated using the GRM and Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury lemma. The SNP-GBLUP result was very similar to G-BLUP in the prediction of genetic values. However, there were many discrepancies between SNP-BLUP and the other two BLUPs. SNP-GBLUP has the merit to be able to predict genetic values through SNP effects.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.870-872
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• 1999

The ubiquinone and G+C contents of the bioflocculant-producing fungus, a new Aspergillus strain, were detennined using high-perfonnance liquid chromatography. The internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2), and the 5.8S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of the strain were amplified and sequenced. The strain contained ubiquinone-l0($H_2$)as a major quinone and the G+C content was 49 mol%. A phylogenetic analysis of the ITS regions indicated that the strain belonged to the genus Aspergillus according to its previously classified morphological characteristics. Based on a sequence homology search, the strain was most closely related to Petromyces muricatus (anamorph, A. muricatus; accession number, AJ005674). The sequence of a new Aspergillus strain in ITS1 and ITS2, and 5.8S rDNA showed 97% homology to P. muricatus. Therefore, the strain is believed to be a new bioflocculant-producing Aspergillus strain.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.403-408
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• 2009

A number of bifidobacterial species of human origin were screened for the presence of cryptic plasmids. One strain, Bifidobacterium longum FI10564, harbored plasmids of approximately 2.2 kb, 3.6 kb, and 4.9 kb in size. The smallest plasmid, pFI2576(2,197 bp), was studied in detail and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined. Computer-assisted analysis of this novel plasmid(G+C content 62%) identified 9 putative open reading frames(orfs), 3 of which were shown to be probable genes. These putative genes are arranged in an operon-like structure, in which the overlapping orfs 1 and 2 encode putative Rep proteins and are highly homologous to the rep genes of the B. longum plasmid pMBI(1,847 bp). The mechanism of replication of pFI2576 was investigated using Southern blot analysis of whole cell lysates, with and without S1 nuclease treatment, and atomic force microscopy(AFM). The results indicate that pFI2576 is likely to use the theta mode of replication.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.167-177
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• 2005

In oriental medicine, Ostericum koreanum Radix & Aralia contientalis Radix are frequently used materials for strenthing lumbar and knees. Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun(方藥合編) is widely used for clinical herbal prescription book. In Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun, Ostericum koreanum Radix is used 1.2g~6g. and Aralia contientalis Radix is used 1.6g~4.8g. The most important fact is that the prescription used Ostericum koreanum Radix & Aralia contientalis Radix at the same time is 11. The number of prescription Ostericum koreanum Radix & Aralia contientalis Radix in Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun is total 41. 5 in sang-tong(上統), 22 in jung-tong(中統), 14 in ha-tong(下統). The group of mostly used disease is about low back pain, knee pain, C.V.A., facail palsy, commom cold, numbness. The ratio of Ostericum koreanum Radix in Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun is 3.03%~15.63%. And the ratio of Aralia contientalis Radix is 3.57%~12.00%. The mostly quoted medical literature what prescription included Ostericum koreanum Radix & Aralia contientalis Radix in Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun is Dong-Yi-Bo-Gam. Man-Byeong-Hoi-Choon, and Hwa-Je-Gook-Bang.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.225-228
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• 2011

Magnetic properties and Rockwell hardness of 1Cr-0.5Mo steel have been investigated as a function of isothermal aging time. Our results showed that coercivity, hysteresis loss and Rockwell hardness in the aged samples decreased as aging time increased. This phenomenon was analyzed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. A significant diffusion of Cr and Mo atoms formed $M_2C$ and $M_7C$ carbides, lowering the matrix strength. $M_2C$ and $M_7C$ carbides partially segregated inside grains, diffused into grain boundaries, and finally resulted in a soft ferrite matrix and a hard grain boundary. The magnetic and mechanical softening of the matrix is likely to govern the properties of the sample more than the hardening of the grain boundary by carbide precipitations.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2007

Serotonin (5-HT), the endogenous nonselective 5-HT receptor agonist, activates the inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate/calcium $(InsP3/Ca^{2+})$ signaling pathway and exerts both stimulatory and inhibitory actions on cAMP production and neuromodulin secretion in rat hypothalamic neurons. Specific mRNA transcripts for 5-HT1A, 5-HT2C and 5-HT4 were identified in rat hypothalamic neurons. These experiments were supported by combined techniques such as cAMP and a $Ca^{2+}$ assays in order to elucidate the associated receptors and signaling pathways. The cAMP production and neuromodulin release were profoundly inhibited during the activation of the Gi-coupled 5-HT1A receptor. Treatment with a selective agonist to activate the Gq-coupled 5-HT2C receptor stimulated InsP3 production and caused $Ca^{2+}$ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Selective activation of the Gs-coupled 5-HT4 receptor also stimulated cAMP production, and caused an increase in neuromodulin secretion. These findings demonstrate the ability of 5-HT receptor subtypes expressed in neurons to induce neuromodulin production. This leads to the activation of single or multiple G-proteins which regulate the $InsP3/Ca^{2+}/PLC-{\gamma}$ and adenyl cyclase / cAMP signaling pathways.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effects of Needle Electrode Electrical Stimulation (NEES) on ischemia-induced cerebrovascular accidents. After obstruction and reperfusion of ${\ast}{\ast}$ arteries in white mice, the amounts of necrosis and inflammation related substances IL-6, Caspase-3, and PARP, C-fos were measured in neurons of the hippocampus. The following results were obtained. Methods : This study used 21 male specific pathogen free (SPF) SD (Sprague Dawley) rats, 8 weeks of age and approximately 300 g in weight, that were given at least 1 week to adapt to the lab environment Each exposed artery was completely occluded with non-absorbent suture thread and kept in that state for 5 minutes. The sutures were then removed to allow reperfusion of blood. Test group is control group for comparison with the common carotid artery occlusion models, a GI group that underwent common carotid artery occlusion, and a needle electrode electrical stimulation (NEES) group that underwent NEES after artery occlusion. The GI and NEES groups were given 12, 24, or 48 hours of reperfusion before NEES. NEES device (PG6, ITO, Japan, 9V, current, 2Hz) was used to stimulate the right and left acupoint ST36 of the SD rats for 30 minutes while they were sedated with 3% isoflurane. An immunohistochemistry test was done on the forebrains of the GI induced rats. All the data collected from this study was symbolized and analyzed using a statistics processing program (SPSS 12.0K/PC). The level of significance was set at ${\alpha}$=0.05 and a T-TEST analysis was used to find out the effects of treatment on each of the groups: the normal group, the CVA induced group, and the treatment after CVA induction group. Results : Both PARP and C-fos immuno-reactive cells, related to apoptosis, were greater in the GI groups than the NEES group. Caspase and IL-6 immuno-reactive cells, related to inflammation, were greater in the GI and NEES groups than the control group. Conclusions : This research was conducted to study the effects of NEES on CVA due to ischemia. Occlusion and reperfusion was performed on the common carotid arteries of white rats, after which amounts of substances related to neuron necrosis and inflammation - PARP, IL-6, Caspase-3, and C-fos - were measured in the Hippocampus

• 한국균학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.27-30
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• 1976

The carpophores of Daedaleopsis tricolor(Fr.) Bond. et Sing. which grows wildly in Korea were collected in the Gyeong Gi Province and extracted with chloroform and methanol. Four compounds were isolated from the extracted and two of these compounds were identified as ergosterol and stigmasterol by T.L.C., G.L.C. and chemical tests.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2008

Although many studies show that thromboxane $A_2\;(TXA_2)$ has the action of gastrointestinal (GI) motility using GI muscle cells and tissue, there are no reports on the effects of $TXA_2$ on interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) that function as pacemaker cells in GI tract. So, we studied the modulation of pacemaker activities by $TXA_2$ in ICC with whole cell patch-clamp technique. Externally applied $TXA_2\;(5{\mu}M)$ produced membrane depolarization in current-clamp mode and increased tonic inward pacemaker currents in voltage-clamp mode. The tonic inward currents by $TXA_2$ were inhibited by intracellular application of GDP-${\beta}$-S. The pretreatment of ICC with $Ca^{2+}$ free solution and thapsigargin, a $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase inhibitor in endoplasmic reticulum, abolished the generation of pacemaker currents and suppressed the $TXA_2$-induced tonic inward currents. However, chelerythrine or calphostin C, protein kinase C inhibitors, did not block the $TXA_2$-induced effects on pacemaker currents. These results suggest that $TXA_2$ can regulate intestinal motility through the modulation of ICC pacemaker activities. This modulation of pacemaker activities by $TXA_2$ may occur by the activation of G protein and PKC independent pathway via extra and intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ modulation.