• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.108-117
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• 2013

Studies on the regulation and measurement of greenhouse gases(GHGs) emissions have been carrying out for global wanning. In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, many countries have been promoting the Emissions Trading System and projects of the Joint Implementation(JI) and Clean Development Mechanism(CDM). These country's GHG emissions have been measured calculation criteria based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) Guidelines. In order to respond to GHGs regulation, in each country, it is planing to build a Low-Carbon City. The system has been developed for calculating GHGs emissions from companies and institutions in their respective countries. However, the system can monitor the GHGs per city, has not been developed. In this paper, it is studied to design the User Interface and to develop integrated monitoring program for Low-carbon city. This program will make possible monitoring and management, statistics, and reports written by using each data in units of cities.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.443-450
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• 2016

The major greenhouse gases (GHGs) in agricultural sector are methane ($CH_4$), nitrous oxide ($N_2O$), carbon dioxide ($CO_2$). GHGs emissions are estimated by pertinent source category in a guideline book from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) such as methane from rice paddy, nitrous oxide from agricultural soil and crop residue burning. The methods for estimation GHGs emissions in agricultural sector are based on 1996 and 2006 IPCC guideline, 2000 and 2003 Good Practice Guidance. In general, GHG emissions were calculated by multiplying the activity data by emission factor. The total GHGs emission is $10,863Gg\;CO_2-eq$. from crop cultivation in agricultural sector in 2013. The emission is divided by the ratio of greenhouse gases that methane and nitrous oxide are 64% and 34%, respectively. Each gas emission according to the source categories is $7,000Gg\;CO_2-eq$. from rice paddy field, $3,897Gg\;CO_2-eq$. from agricultural soil, and $21Gg\;CO_2-eq$. from field burning, respectively. The GHGs emission in agricultural sector had been gradually decreased from 1990 to 2013 because of the reduction of cultivation. In order to compare with indirect emissions from agricultural soil, each emission was calculated using IPCC default factors (D) and country specific emission factors (CS). Nitrous oxide emission by CS applied in indirect emission, as nitrogen leaching and run off, was lower about 50% than that by D.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.419-428
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• 2023

This study estimates the greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from energy sector of Changwon city from 2012 to 2020 and scenario analysis of GHGs reductions pathways in the context of the goal of 2030 NDC and 2050 carbon neutral scenario in Korea. As a result, the GHG emissions as a reference year of carbon neutral in 2018 were estimated as 8,872,641 tonCO_2eq accounting for 3,851,786 tonCO_2eq (43.6%) of direct source (scope 1) and 4,975,855 tonCO_2eq (56.4%) of indirect source (scope 2). Especially, among indirect sources as purchased electricity, manufacturing sector emitted the largest GHG accounting for 33.0%(2,915 thousands tonCO_2eq) of the total emissions from all energy sectors, scenario analysis of GHG reductions potential from the energy was analyzed 8,473,614 tonCO_2eq and the residual emissions were 354,027 tonCO_2eq. Purchased electricity and industry sector reducted the largest GHG accounting for 58.7%(4,976 thousands tonCO_2eq) and 42.1%(3,565 thousands tonCO_2eq) of the total emissions from all energy sectors, respectively.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1203-1206
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• 2008

• 한국폐기물자원순환학회지
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.606-615
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• 2018

Over the past two decades, the options for solid waste management have been changing from land disposal to recycling, waste-to-energy, and incineration due to growing attention for resource and energy recovery. In addition, the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission has become an issue of concern in the waste sector because such gases often released into the atmosphere during the waste management processes (e.g., biodegradation in landfills and combustion by incineration) can contribute to climate change. In this study, the emission and reduction rates of GHGs by the municipal solid waste (MSW) management options in D city have been studied for the years 1996-2016. The emissions and reduction rates were calculated according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guidelines and the EU Prognos method, respectively. A dramatic decrease in the waste landfilled was observed between 1996 and 2004, after which its amount has been relatively constant. Waste recycling and incineration have been increased over the decades, leading to a peak in the GHG emissions from landfills of approximately $63,323tCO_2\;eq/yr$ in 2005, while the lowest value of $35,962tCO_2\;eq/yr$ was observed in 2016. In 2016, the estimated emission rate of GHGs from incineration was $59,199tCO_2\;eq/yr$. The reduction rate by material recycling was the highest ($-164,487tCO_2\;eq/yr$) in 2016, followed by the rates by heat recovery with incineration ($-59,242tCO_2\;eq/yr$) and landfill gas recovery ($-23,922tCO_2\;eq/yr$). Moreover, the cumulative GHG reduction rate between 1996 and 2016 was $-3.46MtCO_2\;eq$, implying a very positive impact on future $CO_2$ reduction achieved by waste recycling as well as heat recovery of incineration and landfill gas recovery. This study clearly demonstrates that improved MSW management systems are positive for GHGs reduction and energy savings. These results could help the waste management decision-makers supporting the MSW recycling and energy recovery policies as well as the climate change mitigation efforts at local government level.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2017

In this study, GHG inventory on 17 local government between 2005 and 2014 is build up using 'GHG emission estimation guideline (2016. 2) for local government' developed and distributed by KECO. This covers all the sectors should be included in national GHG inventory, which are energy, industrial process, agriculture, AFOLU, and waste. In addition, six GHGs, carbon dioxide, metane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, sulphur hexafluoride declared in Kyoto protocol are estimated to reflect utmost precision. Indirect esissions, such as electricity, heat and waste generation are separately estimated as well as direct emissions to help local government to establish substantial and implementable reduction measures of GHGs.

• 환경생물
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.715-725
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• 2017

토양 유기탄소 축적량 변화와 작물의 생태계 탄소 수지를 파악하기 위하여 농업의 탄소 관리에 필요한 기초 자료 마련을 위하여 2014~2016년 (3년) 벼 재배기간 동안 토양의 유기탄소 축적량과 작물의 생태계 순 생산량을 측정하였다. 그 결과로 벼 재배지 토양 유기탄소 축적량은 NPK+볏짚퇴비 처리($3.88Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}$)에서 가장 많았고 NPK (화학비료) 처리보다 40.8%, NPK+헤어리베치 처리보다 17.0%의 축적 효과가 있었다. 그러나 NPK+볏짚퇴비 처리가 NPK+헤어리베치에 비해 토양 유기탄소 축적량이 높게 나타나 헤어리베치 시용에 비해 볏짚퇴비 시용이 농경지 내 탄소 축적량이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 벼 재배지 생태계 순 생산량은 NPK 처리($11.31Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}$)에 비해 NPK+헤어리베치 처리($14.01Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}$)에서 19.3%와 NPK+볏짚퇴비 처리($12.6Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}$)에서 10.2% 축적 효과가 있었다. 따라서 화학비료 단일 처리보다 화학비료를 절감하기 위한 유기물 처리가 토양유기탄소 축적 및 재배지의 작물 생태계 탄소 축적량을 증대시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2015

Livestock is one of the major contributors of greenhouse gases (GHGs). It accounts for 14.5% of the global GHGs emissions like methane ($CH_4$) from enteric fermentation and manure, nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) from manure and fertilizer. Since enteric emissions are a major contributor of $CH_4$ than that of manure emissions hence primary efforts were made on reducing enteric emissions, with minor attention to dung emissions. Many researches were conducted by dietary manipulation to mitigate enteric $CH_4$ emission. However dietary manipulation also had significant effects on manure GHGs emissions too. Several works proved that manure $CH_4$ emissions were increased with high level of concentrate supplementation despite reduction in enteric $CH_4$. Fat and CP content of the diet has shown inconsistent results on manure $CH_4$ emissions. Amount of concentrate in the diet has shown little effect whereas dietary CP content exhibited conflicting effects on manure $N_2O$ emissions.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.358-370
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• 2023

Composting has been proposed for the management of organic waste, and the resulting products can be used as soil amendments and fertilizer. However, the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O produced in composting are of considerable concern. Hence, various additives have been developed and adopted to control the emissions of GHGs. This review presents the different additives used during composting and summarizes the effects of additives on GHGs during composting. Thirty-four studies were reviewed, and their results showed that the additives can reduce cumulative CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O emission by 10.5%, 39.0%, and 28.6%, respectively, during composting. Especially, physical additives (e.g., biochar and zeolite) have a greater effect on mitigating N₂O emissions during composting than do chemical additives (e.g., phosphogypsum and dicyandiamide). In addition, superphosphate had a high CO₂ reduction effect, whereas biochar and dicyandiamide had a high N₂O reduction effect. This implies that the addition of superphosphate, biochar, and dicyandiamide during composting can contribute to mitigating GHG emissions. Further research is needed to find novel additives that can effectively reduce GHG emissions during composting.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.283-295
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• 2011

기후변화에 대응하기 위한 온실가스 감축활동이 국 내외적으로 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 우리나라의 온실가스 감축에 있어서 건물부문의 온실가스 감축은 매우 중요한 부분이다. 2007년 기준 온실가스 총 배출량 610 백만톤 $CO_2e$ 중 건물이 차지하는 비중은 약 23%이며, 감축잠재량은 산업 부문에 이어 두 번째로 큰 수준이다. 본 연구는 향후 건물부문의 온실가스 감축 대책으로 추진될 "탄소제로건물" 건립에 필요한 기반자료를 제공하고자, 국내 최초로 지어진 업무용 "탄소제로 건물"인 국립환경과학원 기후변화연구동에 적용된 주요 기술, 에너지 부하 및 절감 에너지양, 경제성 평가를 수행하였다. 본 건물에 적용된 기술은 총 66가지로, 건물에너지 부하절감기술(30), 건물에너지 효율기술(18), 신 재생에너지 기술(13), 친환경 요소기술(5)이 적용되었다. 연간 총 에너지 부하($123.8kWh/m^2$)는 단열 강화와 고효율 설비 적용 등의 패시브 기술을 통해 40%($49kWh/m^2$) 절감하였으며, 잔여 에너지 부하인 60%($74.8kWh/m^2$)는 태양광, 태양열, 지열을 이용한 액티브 기술로 절감하였다. 건축비용은 일반건물 대비 약 1.4배 더 소요되었으나 액티브 기술을 제외하고 패시브 기술만 적용하게 되면 일반건물의 건축비용과 큰 차이를 보이지 않는 것으로 분석되었다. 건물에서 감축될 수 있는 온실가스양은 연간 $100ton{\cdot}CO_2e$ 수준이며, 에너지 자립으로 인한 연간 에너지 절감 비용은 약 102백만원, 온실가스와 대기오염물질 감축에 따른 부수적 수익은 연간 약 2.2 백만원 수준인 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, Life Cycle Cost (LCC) 분석 결과, 일반건물 대비 초과건축 비용에 대한 손익분기점은 20.6년으로 나타났다.