• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.409-415
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• 2012

Post-kyoto regime has been discussing with the GHG reduction commitment. GHG energy target management system also has been applied for the domestic measures in the country. Universities are major emission sources for GHG. It is very important for campus to built the GHG inventory system and estimate the potential GHG emission reduction. In general, GHG inventory on the campus was taken by the IPCC guidance with the classification of scope 1, 2, and 3. Electricity was the highest portion of GHG emission on the campus as 5,053.90 $tonsCO_2eq/yr$ in 2009. Manufacturing sector was the second high emission and meant GHG in laboratory. Potential GHG reduction was planned by several assumptions such as installation of occupancy sensor, exchanging LED lamp and photovoltaic power generation. These reduction scenarios was simulated by LEAP model. In 2020, outlook of GHG emission was estimated by 17,435.98 tons of $CO_2$ without any plans of reduction. If the reduction scenarios was applied in 2020, GHG emission would be 16,507.60 tons of $CO_2$ as 5.3% potential reduction.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.343-350
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• 2008

Quantifying greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the waste sector is important to evaluating measures for reduction of GHG emissions. To forecast GHG emissions and identify potential emission reduction for GHG emissions, scenarios applied with environmental policy such as waste reduction and structural change of waste treatment were developed. Scenario I estimated GHG emissions under the business as usual (BAU) baseline. Scenario II estimated GHG emissions with the application of the waste reduction policy while scenario III was based on the policy of structural change of waste treatment. Scenario IV was based on both the policies of waste reduction and structural change of waste treatment. As for the different scenarios, GHG emissions were highest under scenarios III, followed by scenarios IV, I, and II. In particular, GHG emissions increased under scenario III due to the increased GHG emissions from the enhanced waste incineration due to the structural change of waste treatment. This result indicated that the waste reduction is the primary policy for GHG reduction from waste. GHG emission from landfill was higher compared to those from incineration. However, the contribution of GHG emission from incineration increased under scenario III and IV. This indicated that more attention should be paid to the waste treatment for incineration to reduce GHG emissions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.280-287
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• 2012

The sources of greenhouse gases (GHG) at Hanyang University Ansan campus, including direct sources, indirect sources, and others, were investigated in order to establish the GHG inventory. Emission of GHG was calculated with the energy use from each source from 2007 and 2009. The indirect emission (56.7%) due to the electricity significantly contributed to total GHG emission. The scenario for the GHG reduction was designed for both campus administration and members. The reduction potential of GHG was simulated from 2007 to 2020 using Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) model. In case of GHG reduction scenario by campus administration, the GHG can be reduced by 63.34 ton $CO_{2eq}/yr$ for stationary combustion in the direct source, by 221.1 ton $CO_{2eq}/yr$ for mobile combustion in the direct source, and by 4,637.34 ton $CO_{2eq}/yr$ for lighting in the indirect source, compared to 2020 Business As Usual (BAU). In case of GHG reduction action scenario by campus members, the reduction potential of GHG was 1293.76 ton $CO_{2eq}/yr$. Overall, the total GHG emissions in 2020 by the both scenarios can be decreased by 24% compared to 2020 BAU.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.2292-2296
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• 2010

2020 Korea GHG reduction goal is decreasing 4% compared with that of 2005. Effective counterplan of GHG redection goal needs to set for inductrial allocation and various reduction GHG technologies and policies for transportation have been developed. Modal shifr is one of these main policy and it focused on shifting as much freight as economically meaningful under current market conditions. It improves energy efficiency, consequently reduces GHG effect. This study is proposed as a preliminary studay of analyzing Modal shift effect. modal shift of car travelers to train is concerned in Seoul-Busan section, This study is based on a scenario which can maximize passenger occupancy rate to get the GHG reduction effect and the effect of modal shift of car to train is identified. According to this result, we can get GHG reduction effect through dealing with maximizing passenger occupancy rate on train. Therefore, in order to enhance this modal shift effect, train using rate need to increased and also improvement of policies and cost system are need to be considered to promote increasing use of train.

• Architectural research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.143-150
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• 2013

The Korean government recently has rediscovered the potential value of Han-Ok, the Korean traditional house, as an eco-friendly building. In order to objectively verify the environmental performance of Han-Ok as a low carbon green building, this paper suggests the analysis method of GHG emission load of Korean traditional house, based on Life Cycle Assessment, which is commonly abbreviated to "LCA". The environmental impacts caused by building construction and operation can be analyzed through the sum of input and output data from every phase. The study particularly describes the GHG reduction effect by using traditional building materials such as wood products, traditional clay roof tiles, and mud, which are mainly used to construct Han-Ok. Also the study proposes the method for comparative analysis of quantity of GHG emissions in building's entire life cycle so that the data can be used as a reliable basis to optimize the environmental performance of building.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.153-163
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• 2014

This study analyzed directions of the energy product efficiency improvement and Carbon Tax for the domestic building sector. In order to analyze GHG reduction potential and total cost, the cost optimization model MESSAGE was used. In the case of the "efficiency improvement scenario," the cumulative potential GHG reduction amount - with respect to the "Reference scenario" - from 2010 to 2030 is forecast to be $104MtCO_2eq$, with a total projected cost of 2.706 trillion KRW. In the "carbon tax scenario," a reduction effect of $74MtCO_2eq$ in cumulative potential GHG reduction occurred, with a total projected cost of 2.776 trillion KRW. The range of per-ton GHG reduction cost for each scenario was seen to be approximately $-475{\sim}272won/tCO_2eq$, and the "efficiency improvement scenario" showed as the highest in the order of priority, in terms of the GHG reduction policy direction. Regarding policies to reduce GHG emissions in the building sector, the energy efficiency improvement is deemed to deployed first in the future.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze effects of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission reduction in district energy business mainly based on Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plants. Firstly this paper compares the actual carbon intensity of power production between conventional power plants and district energy plants. To allocate the GHG from CHP plants, two of different methods which were Alternative Generation Method and Power Bonus Method, have been investigated. The carbon intensity of power production in district energy plants ($0.43tonCO_2e/MWh$) was relatively lower than conventional gas-fired power plants ($0.52tonCO_2e/MWh$). Secondly we assessed the cost effectiveness of reduction by district energy sector compared to the other means using TIMES model method. We find that GHG marginal abatement cost of 'expand CHP' scenario (-$134/ton$CO_2$) is even below than renewable energy scenario such as photovoltaic power generation ($87/ton$CO_2$). Finally the GHG emission reduction potential was reviewed on the projected GHG emission emitted when the same amount of energy produced in combination of conventional power plants and individual boilers as substitution of district energy. It showed there were 10.1~41.8% of GHG emission reduction potential in district energy compared to the combination of conventional power plants and individual boilers.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.55-64
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• 2013

As GHG target management is introduced in Korea, designated establishment takes responsibilities to reduce more than 30% of expected GHG emission until 2020. Although decreasing GHG has been requested to universities which consume great amount of energy, there are difficulties to apply high cost countermeasures. Therefore, this research suggest a low cost, easily-applicable energy saving method, and derive potential GHG reduction amount in the case of SNU, Kwan-ak campus. First of all, 11 rooms of different use were chosen as the samples, and energy consumption in each room was measured. Standard models for each room were built through researching on the electric devices in each room. Moreover, energy consumption was computed for each devices through analyzing the pattern of electricity consumption. 32 GHG reduction technology and action program were chosen, and they were applied to the standard models for individual rooms. Through multiplying energy reduction rate of each program to energy consumption of each electric device, maximum energy reduction of each electric device is derived. Through that, Maximum GHG reduction for individual rooms and each month and the total GHG reduction capacity of Kwan-ak campus were computed. It was found out that approximately $5,311tCO_2$-eq can be reduced, when reduction technology and action program suggested by this research are applied. It appeared 24.48% of requested reduction amount to SNU can be reduced, till 2016.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.393-402
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• 2017

In this study, greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions from bioenergy (biogas, biomass) have been estimated in Korea, 2015. This study for construction of reduction inventories as direct and indirect reduction sources was derived from IPCC 2006 guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories, guidelines for local government greenhouse inventories published in 2016, also purchased electricity and steam indirect emission factors obtained from KPX, GIR respectively. As a result, the annual GHG reductions were estimated as $1,860,000tonCO_{2eq}$ accounting for 76.8% of direct reduction (scope 1) and 23.2% of indirect reduction (scope 2). Estimation of individual greenhouse gases (GHGs) from biogas appeared that $CO_2$, $CH_4$, $N_2O$ were $90,000tonCO_2$ (5.5%), $55,000tonCH_4$ (94.5%), $0.3tonN_2O$ (0.004%), respectively. In addition, biomass was $250,000tonCO_2$ (107%), $-300tonCH_4$ (-3.2%), $-33tonN_2O$ (-3.9%). For understanding the values of estimation method levels, field data (this study) appeared to be approximately 85.47% compared to installed capacity. In details, biogas and biomass resulting from field data showed to be 76%, 74% compared to installed capacity, respectively. In the comparison of this study and CDM project with GHG reduction unit per year installed capacity, this study showed as 42% level versus CDM project. Scenario analysis of GHG reductions potential from bioenergy was analyzed that generation efficiency, availability and cumulative distribution were significantly effective on reducing GHG.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.506-513
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to establish the greenhouse gases (GHG) inventories and estimate the GHG reduction plans for Daegu University from 2009 to 2011. The annual average of GHG emissions in Daegu University was estimated to be 19,413 ton $CO_2$ eq during the study period. Emissions of electricity usage in Scope 2 most contributed about 55.4% of the total GHG emissions. Also, GHG emissions of Scope 2, Scope 1, and Scope 3 contributed 60.4%, 22.6%, and 17.0%, respectively. In order to estimate reduction potential of GHG, the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) model was calculated using three scenarios such as sensor installation, LED replacement, and solar facility. The GHG will be reduced by 1,656 ton $CO_2$ eq for LED scenario, by 1,041 ton $CO_2$ eq for sensor scenario, and by 737 ton $CO_2$ eq for solar scenario compared to 2020 business as usual (BAU). Therefore, the total GHG emissions in 2020 apply three scenarios can be reduced by 15% compared with 2020 BAU.