• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.46-52
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• 2012

During the past decades, energy and Green House Gas(GHG) emissions has risen as a global issue. This paper is about the energy intensity and the GHG intensity in a university campus using the weighting factor of total occupied time to the members of the university. Through this analysis, we could separately estimate GHG intensity per full-time and part-time members under the situation that the measuring data is not perfect. This analyzing procedure could be applied to other non-manufacturing institutions such as school, hospital, governmental institute, office building etc.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.407-421
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• 2018

In this paper, I analyze the GHG (greenhouse gas) emission factor of the domestic railway transportation sector using the LMDI (Log Mean Divisia Index) methodology. These GHG factors are the emission factor effect, energy intensity effect, transportation intensity effect, and economic activity effect. The analysis period was from 2011 to 2016, and the analysis objects were an intercity railway, wide area railway, and urban railway. The results show that the GHG emission of railway transportation sector decreased during these 6 years. The factors decreasing the GHG emission are the emission factor effect, energy intensity effect, and transportation intensity effect, while the factor increasing the GHG emission is the economic activity effect.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.229-254
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• 2011

In this paper, we decomposed Greenhouse-Gas emissions of Korea's manufacturing industry using LMDI (Log Mean Divisia Index) method. Changes in $CO_2$ emissions from 1991 to 2007 studied in 5 different factors, industrial production (production effect), industry production mix (structure effect), sectoral energy intensity (intensity effect), sectoral energy mix (energy-mix effect), and $CO_2$ emission factors (emission-factor effect). By results, the structure effect and intensity effect has a role of reducing GHG emissions and The role of structure effect was bigger than intensity effect. The energy mix effect increased GHG emissions and emission-factor effect decreased GHG emissions. By time series analysis, IMF regime affected the GHG emission pattern. the structure effect and intensity effect in that regime was getting worse. After 2000, in the high oil price period, the structure effect and intensity effect is getting better.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.536-543
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• 2011

The previous researches on railway sector have focused on the total greenhouse gas(GHG) emission through national approaches. The aim of this study was to calculate GHG emission at a local government level to measure each city's GHG intensity on rail transportation. This study followed 'the guidelines for local government greenhouse gas inventory(issued by Korea Environment Corporation)' including VKT(Vehicle kilometers Travelled) methodology for railway inventory at a metropolitan area. As a result, the gyeongsangbuk-do emitted the highest GHG emissions at a local government level, followed by chungcheongnam-do and chungcheongbuk-do in 2006. Among several cities, Gimcheon-city emitted the highest GHG at basic government level in 2006. In future, the calculation of GHG emissions at local government level can be applied to establish various policies for GHG reduction.

• Architectural research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.143-150
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• 2013

The Korean government recently has rediscovered the potential value of Han-Ok, the Korean traditional house, as an eco-friendly building. In order to objectively verify the environmental performance of Han-Ok as a low carbon green building, this paper suggests the analysis method of GHG emission load of Korean traditional house, based on Life Cycle Assessment, which is commonly abbreviated to "LCA". The environmental impacts caused by building construction and operation can be analyzed through the sum of input and output data from every phase. The study particularly describes the GHG reduction effect by using traditional building materials such as wood products, traditional clay roof tiles, and mud, which are mainly used to construct Han-Ok. Also the study proposes the method for comparative analysis of quantity of GHG emissions in building's entire life cycle so that the data can be used as a reliable basis to optimize the environmental performance of building.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze effects of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission reduction in district energy business mainly based on Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plants. Firstly this paper compares the actual carbon intensity of power production between conventional power plants and district energy plants. To allocate the GHG from CHP plants, two of different methods which were Alternative Generation Method and Power Bonus Method, have been investigated. The carbon intensity of power production in district energy plants ($0.43tonCO_2e/MWh$) was relatively lower than conventional gas-fired power plants ($0.52tonCO_2e/MWh$). Secondly we assessed the cost effectiveness of reduction by district energy sector compared to the other means using TIMES model method. We find that GHG marginal abatement cost of 'expand CHP' scenario (-$134/ton$CO_2$) is even below than renewable energy scenario such as photovoltaic power generation ($87/ton$CO_2$). Finally the GHG emission reduction potential was reviewed on the projected GHG emission emitted when the same amount of energy produced in combination of conventional power plants and individual boilers as substitution of district energy. It showed there were 10.1~41.8% of GHG emission reduction potential in district energy compared to the combination of conventional power plants and individual boilers.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.264-286
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• 2008

In 2006, the share of energy in Korea amounted to 28% from the total import, 97% from overseas dependency, and 83% for the national Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission in 2004. Thus, from the aspects of economical and environmental policies, an energy analysis is very important, for the industry to cope with the imminent pressure for climate change. However, the estimation of GHG gas emissions due to an energy use is still done in a primitive way, whereby each industry's usage is multiplied by coefficients recommended from international organizations in Korea. At this level, it is impossible to formulate the prevailing logic and policies in face of a new paradigm that seeks to force participation of developing countries through so called post-Kyoto Protocol. In this study, a hybrid energy input-output (E-IO) analysis is conducted on the basis of the input-output(IO) table of 2000 issued by the Bank of Korea in 2003. Furthermore, according to economic sectors, emission of the GHG relative to an energy use is characterized. The analysis is accomplished from four points of view as follows: 1) estimating the GHG emission intensity by 96 sectors, 2) measuring the contribution ratio to GHG emissions by 14 energy sources, 3) calculating the emission factor of 3 GHG compounds, and 4) estimating the total amount of national GHG emission. The total amount estimated in this study is compared with a national official statistical number. The approach could be an appropriate model for the recently spreading concept of a Life Cycle Analysis as it analyzes not only a direct GHG emission from a direct energy use but also an associated emission from an indirect use. We expect this model can provide a form for the basis of a future GHG reduction policy making.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.143-158
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• 2015

This study developed the emission intensity estimation method of GHGs by considering the characteristics of the models and time series. The telematics device was installed on the vehicle (OBD-II) to collect information on the operation conditions from each sample vehicle of public authorities. As a result of comparing the mileage distance and fuel consumption, the matching degree is analyzed very high, showed a ${\pm}1{\sim}4%$ error for each vehicle. By comparing driving record diary of vehicles managed by public authorities, this study presents the method that can be used to verify driving information in order to derive the GHGs emission intensity.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.187-195
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• 2019

In December 2015, The Paris Agreement was adopted to undertake ambitious efforts to combat climate change. Korean government announced its goal of reducing the country's greenhouse gas emissions by up to 37% below business as usual projections by 2030 in 2015. The purpose of this study was to set up the calculation methodology of GHG emission($CO_{2e}$) in building sector and to estimate the annual GHG emission in building sector based on national energy consumption statistic. The GHG emission from buildings is about 135.8 million ton $CO_{2e}$ as of 2015, taking up about 19.6% of Korea's entire emission and is about 144.7 million ton $CO_{2e}$ in 2017. The GHG emission of building sector is increasing at annual rate of 2.0% from 2001 to 2017. The GHG emission from electricity consumption in buildings is 91.8 million ton $CO_{2e}$ in 2017, is the highest $CO_2$ emission by energy source. The results show that the intensity of GHG emission of residential building sector is $40.6kg-CO_{2e}/m^2{\cdot}yr$ and that of commercial building sector is $68.4kg-CO_{2e}/m^2{\cdot}yr$.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.10
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• pp.785-799
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• 2022

The aim of this study was to characterize the emission pathways and the footprint of greenhouse gases (GHG) in Daecheong Reservoir using the G-res Tool, and to evaluate the GHG emission intensity (EI) compared to other energy sources. In addition, the change in GHG emissions was assessed in response to the total phosphorus (TP) concentration. The GHG flux in post-impoundment was found to be 262 gCO₂eq/m²/yr, of which CO₂ and CH₄ were 45.7% and 54.2%, respectively. Diffusion of CO₂ contributed the most, followed by diffusion, degassing, and bubbling of CH₄. The net GHG flux increased to 510 gCO₂eq/m²/yr because the forest (as CO₂ sink) was lost after dam construction. The EI of Daecheong Reservoir was 86.8 gCO₂eq/kWh, which is 3.7 times higher than the global EI of hydroelectric power, due to its low power density. However, it was remarkable to highlight the value to be 9.5 times less than that of coal, a fossil fuel. We also found that a decrease in TP concentration in the reservoir leads to a decrease in GHG emissions. The results can be used to improve understanding of the GHG emission characteristics and to reduce uncertainty of the national GHG inventory of dam reservoirs.