• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.2983-2986
• /
• 2013

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs (18-25 nucleotides) that post-transcriptionally modulate gene expression by negatively regulating the stability or translational efficiency of their target mRNAs. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effects of miR-153 inhibition in the breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231. Forty-eight hours after MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with the miR-153 inhibitor, an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was utilized to determine the effects of miR-153 on cell viability. Flow cytometry analysis and assessment of caspase 3/7 activity were adopted to determine whether miR-153 affects the proliferation rates and apoptosis levels of MDA-MB-231 cells. Our results showed that silencing of miR-153 significantly inhibited growth when compared to controls at 48 hours, reducing proliferation by 37.6%, and inducing apoptosis. Further studies are necessary to corroborate our findings and examine the potential use of this microRNA in future diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.2915-2918
• /
• 2013

Background: Recent studies have shown that 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep), a well-known histone methyltransferase inhibitor, disrupts polycomb-repressive complex 2 (PRC2), and induces apoptosis, while inhibiting proliferation and metastasis, in cancer cells, including acute myeloid leukemia, breast cancer and glioblastoma. However, little is known about effects of DZNep on ovarian cancer cells. Materials and Methods: We here therefore studied DZNep-treated A2780 ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Proliferation of ovarian cancer cells under treatment of DZNep was assessed by MTT and apoptosis by flow cytometry. Cell wound healing was applied to detect the migration. Finally, we used q-PCR to assess the migration-related gene, E-cadherin. Results: DZNep could inhibit the proliferation of A2780 and induce apoptosis Furthermore, it inhibited migration and increased the expression of E-cadherin (P<0.05). Conclusion: DZNep is a promising therapeutic agent for ovarian cancer cells, with potential to inhibite proliferation, induce apoptosis and decrease migration.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 2001

Objectives : Cellular death by apoptosis is an active process, depending on gene transcription and protein synthesis. It was reported that nitric oxide can induce apoptosis in several cancer cell-lines. We have previously observed that proliferation of Ll210 cells was inhibited by the administration of Gleditsiae Spina water extract (GE). In this present study, the mechanism of inhibitory action on the proliferation of L l210 cells was examined. Methods : The cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay and DNA fragmentation was determined by a flow cytometry. Results : The administration of GE decreased proliferation of L1210 cells and enhanced DNA fragmentation in vivo system. DNA fragmentation of L1210 cells was enhanced by co-culture of peritoneal macrophages obtained from GE-administered mice in vitro and it was partly inhibited by L-NMMA, nitric oxide synthetase inhibitor. In addition, GE increased nitric oxide production from peritoneal macrophages of L1210-transplanted mice. Conclusions : These results suggest that the inhibitory action of GE on proliferation of transplanted-L1210 cells is partly caused by an induction of apoptosis via production of nitric oxide in macrophages.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.189-197
• /
• 2014

The pearl-spot damsel, Chromis notata, is one of the important fishery species in Korea. While C. notata has been commonly harvested in southern Korea, the increasing number of C. notata in higher latitudes has crucial ecological, economic and evolutionary implications under conditions where the climate is rapidly changing. Here we examined the morphological and genetic characteristics of C. notata to assess patterns of geographical variations among the groups from three different sites. The groups were clearly distinguishable in the analysis of morphological characteristics. On the other hand, the groups were genetically indistinguishable. All individuals fell within a single clade in the neighbor-joining tree but appeared scattered in the haplotype network. Several haplotypes are shared among the sampling sites (Jejudo-Ulleungdo; Hap 9, Wangdolcho-Ulleungdo; Hap 28, Hap 33, Hap 34). Although control region markers did not elucidate the spatial patterns in genetic characteristics, Wangdolcho and Ulleungdo groups appear to exhibit a more robust gene flow between the two groups than with Jejudo group. Integrative approaches such as those combining morphological and genetic analyses minimize potential errors caused by limited perspectives of each analysis and can provide useful information for discovering functional DNA regions attributable to morphological characteristics expressions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.66-73
• /
• 2015

The pabS gene of Agaricus bisporus 02 encoding a putative PABA synthase was cloned, and then the recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 under the control of the T7 promoter. The enzyme with an N-terminal GST tag or His tag, designated GST-AbADCS or His-AbADCS, was purified with glutathione Sepharose 4B or Ni Sepharose 6 Fast Flow. The enzyme was an aminodeoxychorismate synthase, and it was necessary to add with an aminodeoxychorismate lyase for synthesizing PABA. AbADCS has maximum activity at a temperature of approximately 25℃ and pH 8.0. Magnesium or manganese ions were necessary for the enzymatic activity. The Michaelis-Menten constant for chorismate was 0.12 mM, and 2.55 mM for glutamine. H₂O₂ did distinct damage on the activity of the enzyme, which could be slightly recovered by Hsp20. Sulfydryl reagents could remarkably promote its activity, suggesting that cysteine residues are essential for catalytic function.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.291-301
• /
• 2013

The genomic organization, tissue distribution, and developmental expression of two paralogous GAPDH isoforms were characterized in the mud loach Misgurnus mizolepis (Cypriniformes). The mud loach gapdh isoform genes (mlgapdh-1 and mlgapdh-2) had different exon-intron organizations: 12 exons in mlgapdh-1 (spanning to 4.88 kb) and 11 in mlgapdh-2 (11.78 kb), including a non-translated exon 1 in each isoform. Southern blot hybridization suggested that the mud loach might possess the two copies of mlgapdh-1 and a single copy of mlgapdh-2. The mlgapdh-1 transcript levels are high in tissues requiring high energy flow, such as skeletal muscle and heart, whereas mlgapdh-2 is expressed abundantly in the brain. Both isoforms are differentially regulated during embryonic and larval development, during which their expression is upregulated with the progress of development. Lipopolysaccharide challenge preferentially induced mlgapdh-2 transcripts in the liver. Therefore, the two isoforms have diversified functionally; mlgapdh-1 is associated more closely with energy metabolism, while mlgapdh-2 is related more to stress/immune responses, in the mud loach.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.230-235
• /
• 2013

Amaranths (Amaranthus sp.), an endemic American crop, are now grown widely across the world. This study used 14 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to analyze the genetic diversity of 74 amaranth accessions from the United States, with eight accessions from Australia as controls. One hundred twenty-two alleles, averaging eight alleles per locus, were observed. The average major allele frequency, expected heterozygosity, and polymorphism information content (PIC) were 0.44, 0.69, and 0.65, respectively. The structure analysis based on genetic distance classified 77 accessions (94%) into three clusters, while five accessions (6%) were admixtures. Among the three clusters, Cluster 3 had the highest allele number and PIC values, while Cluster 2 had the lowest. The lowest FST was between Clusters 1 and 3, indicating that these two clusters have higher gene flow between them compared to the others. This finding was reasonable because Cluster 2 included most of the Australian accessions. These results indicated satisfactory genetic diversity among U.S. amaranths. These findings can be used to design effective breeding programs involving different plant characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.67-81
• /
• 2017

Because of lack of accurate understanding of the mechanism of urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon and lack of scientific discussion, it is hard to come up with effective measures to mitigate UHI phenomenon. This study systematically described the UHI and suggested the solutions using green-infrastructure (green-infra). The factors that control UHI are very diverse: radiant heat flux, latent heat flux, storage heat flux, and artificial heat flux, and the air temperature is formed by the combination effect of radiation, conduction and convection. Green-infra strategies can improve thermal environment by reducing radiant heat flux (the albedo effect, the shade effect), increasing latent heat flux (the evapotranspiration effect), and creating a wind path (cooling air flow). As a result of measurement, green-infra could reduce radiant heat flux as $270W/m^2$ due to shadow effect and produce $170W/m^2$ latent heat flux due to evaporation. Finally, green-infra can be applied differently on the macro(urban) scale and micro scale, therefore, we should plan and design green-infra after the target objects of structures are set.

• Journal of Species Research
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.354-362
• /
• 2018

Population genetic assessment is essential for the conservation and management of endangered and rare plants. Neofinetia falcata is endangered epiphyte orchid and protected by law in Korea. In Korea, this species is only found on islands in the South Sea of Korea (including Jeju-do) and the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula. We developed nine microsatellite makers to assess the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of three populations of N. falcata. The genetic diversity at the species level was low, which can be attributed to inbreeding or fragmentation into small, isolated populations. A recent bottleneck was detected in one population, likely due to overcollection. N. falcata exhibited moderated levels of differentiation among populations, with the three populations were divided into two clusters based on genetic structure. The genetic diversity and structure of N. falcata are affected by restricted gene flow by pollen or seeds due to isolation and geographic distance. Strategies for in situ and ex situ conservation of this species are been proposed based on the results of our study.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.6 s.86
• /
• pp.805-810
• /
• 2007

Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were performed in order to analyse the phylogenetic relationships of eight Hypericum electum populations in Korea. The six primers were produced 37 reproducible ISSR bands. Analysis of ISSR from individual plants of Korean H. erectum resulted in 22 polymorphic bands with 59.5%. Across populations, the mean number of alleles per locus was 1.348 and Shannon's information index was 0.203.Population Mt. Gyeryong had the highest expected genetic diversity (0.175) among all populations. When species were grouped by eight populations, within group diversity was 0.140 (Hs), while among group diversity was 0.472 (G$_{ST}$) on a per locus basis. The estimated gene flow (Nm) for H. erectum was very low (0.561). It is suggested that reproductive isolation by the isolation of geographical distance among H. electum populations and genetic drift may have played roles in shaping the population structure of this species. In phonetic tree, all populations were well separated from each other. Thus, ISSR markers are very effective in classifying natural population levels of genus Hypericum in Korea.