• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.253-255
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 IoT 디바이스의 인증암호를 위한 AES-GCM 암호코어를 설계하였다. AES-GCM 코어는 블록암호 AES와 GHASH 연산으로 기밀성과 무결성을 동시에 제공한다. 기밀성 제공을 위한 블록암호 AES는 운영모드 CTR과 비밀키 길이 128/256-bit를 지원한다. GHASH 연산과 AES 암호화(복호화)의 병렬 동작을 위해 소요 클록 사이클을 일치시켜 GCM 동작을 최적화 하였다. 본 논문에서는 AES-GCM 코어를 Verilog HDL로 모델링 하였고 ModelSim을 이용한 시뮬레이션 검증 결과 정상 동작함을 확인하였으며 Xilinx Virtex5 XC5VSX95T FPGA 디바이스 합성결과 4,567 슬라이스로 구현되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.307-307
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• 2019

General Ciculation Model (GCM) 모형에 대한 평가를 본 연구에서 수행한다. 모형의 적용을 위해서는 국지적 일 강우량 및 기온자료를 이용한다. 31개의 GCM 모의를 통해 도출되는 결과가 성능 평가에서 활용되었다. 일 최대, 최소 기온와 강우량이 파키스탄 지역을 대상으로 모의되었다. 모의를 위해서는 Gridded 데이터가 적용되었으며 각각 Asian Precipitation-Highly-Resolved Observational Data Integration Toward Evaluation, Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature, Princeton Global Meteorological Forcing, Climate Prediction Centre에 해당된다. GCM의 순위를 결정하기 위해서는 Symmetrical Uncertainty 방법이 이용된다. 결과를 통해서 Gridded 데이터의 종류에 따라 가장 높은 효율을 나타내는 GCM의 공간 분포가 달라진다는 점을 확인하였다. 이러한 특성은 기온과 강우량 자료 모두에서 확인된다. 기온의 경우에는 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Australia-MK3-6-0과 Max Planck Institute-ESM-LR이 우수한 결과를 모의하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 강우량의 경우에는 EC-Earth와 MIROC가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 파키스탄 지역에서의 기온 및 강우량 자료의 합리적 반영을 위해서는 ACCESS1-3, CESM1-BGC, CMCC-CM, HadGEM2-CC, HadGEM2-ES, MIRCO5와 같은 6개 GCM을 이용하였을 때 다양한 기상 인자를 고려한 모의가 가능한 것으로 평가된다.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.59-73
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• 2010

One of the most important issues for projecting future water resources and establishing climate change adaptation strategies is 'uncertainty'. In Korea, climate change research results were very heterogeneous even in a same basin, but there have been few climate change studies dealt with the uncertainty reduction. This is because emission scenarios, GCMs, downscaling, and rainfall-runoff models that were used in the previous studies were almost all different. In this research, fifty one GCM scenarios based A and B emission scenarios were downloaded and then compared with the observed values for a period from January 2001 to December 2008. The downloaded GCM scenarios in general simulated well the observed but did not simulated well the observed precipitation especially for the flood season in Korea. The accuracy of each GCM scenario was measured with the model efficiency, PDF-based, and Relative Entropy methodology. Among the selected GCM scenarios with three methodologies, the four common GCM scenarios(CGCM2.3.2(MRI-M, B1), MIROC3.2medress(NIES, B1), CGCM2.3.2(MRI-M, A2), CGCM2.3.2(MRI-M, A1B) were finally selected. Results of the four selected GCMs were heterogeneity and projected increases of precipitation for the Korean Peninsula by from 27.36% to 12.49%, respectively. It seems very risky to rely a water planning or a management policy on use of a single climate change scenario and from this research results. Therefore, the four selected GCM scenarios proposed quantitatively were considered firstly for the water supply in the dry season and the drought management strategy in the Korean Peninsula for the future.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.629-642
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• 2018

Future variability of the spatial patterns of rainfall events is the point of water-related risks and impacts of climate change. Recent related researches are mostly conducted based on the outcomes from General Circulation Models (GCMs), especially Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, phase 5 (CMIP5) GCMs which are the most advanced version of climate modeling system. GCM data have been widely used for various studies as the data utility keep getting improved. Meanwhile the model performances especially for raw GCM outputs are rarely evaluated prior to the applications although the process would essential for reasonable use of model forecasts. This study attempt to quantitatively evaluate the skills of 29 CMIP5 GCMs in reproducing spatial climatologies of precipitation in East Asia. We used 3 different gridded observational data as the references available over the study area and calculated correlation and errors of spatial patterns simulated by GCMs. As a result, the study presented diversity of the GCM evaluation in the performance, rank, or accuracy by different configurations, such as target area, evaluation method, and observation data. Yet, we found that Hadley-centre affiliated models comparatively performs better for the meso-scale area in East Asia and MPI_ESM_MR and CMCC family showed better performance specifically for the korean peninsula. We expect that the results and thoughts of this study would be considered in screening suitable GCMs for specific area, and finally contribute to extensive utilization of the results from climate change related researches.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.337-347
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• 2019

This study proposes the framework to select the representative general circulation model (GCM) for climate change projection. The grid-based results of GCMs were transformed to all considered meteorological stations using inverse distance weighted (IDW) method and its results were compared to the observed precipitation. Six quantile mapping methods and random forest method were used to correct the bias between GCM's and the observation data. Thus, the empirical quantile which belongs to non-parameteric transformation method was selected as a best bias correction method by comparing the measures of performance indicators. Then, one of the multi-criteria decision techniques, TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Ideal Solution), was used to find the representative GCM using the performances of four GCMs after the bias correction using empirical quantile method. As a result, GISS-E2-R was the best and followed by MIROC5, CSIRO-Mk3-6-0, and CCSM4. Because these results are limited several GCMs, different results will be expected if more GCM data considered.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.201-206
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• 2014

GCM(Green Chain Management) is being spread by that companies which apply with eco-friendly concept in entire SCM(Supply Chain Management) perspective is being increased for resolving some recent environmental problems. There are reasons that numerous companies focus on GCM. At first various governments began to directly manage components and material contents about various noxious substances. Second, environment problem management in the entire logistics process from procurement of product materials to distribution of product became to be important according to introduction of certification system that evaluate the environmental impact throughout life-cycle of products. Purposes of this paper are 1) to analyze the GCM process whose important is more increasing in the recent logistics environment change, 2) to comprehend places and sources that generate environmental elements like energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in elements of logistics function, and 3) to construct integrated GCM system for observing activity of logistics function throughout life-cycle of products.

• 한국ITS학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.371-375
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• 2008

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.233-241
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• 2018

This paper describes a lightweight implementation of a cryptographic processor supporting GCM (Galois/Counter Mode) authenticated encryption (AE) that is based on the two block cipher algorithms of ARIA and AES. It also provides five modes of operation (ECB, CBC, OFB, CFB, CTR) for confidentiality as well as the key lengths of 128-bit and 256-bit. The ARIA and AES are integrated into a single hardware structure, which is based on their algorithm characteristics, and a $128{\times}12-b$ partially parallel GF (Galois field) multiplier is adopted to efficiently perform concurrent processing of CTR encryption and GHASH operation to achieve overall performance optimization. The hardware operation of the ARIA/AES-GCM AE processor was verified by FPGA implementation, and it occupied 60,800 gate equivalents (GEs) with a 180 nm CMOS cell library. The estimated throughput with the maximum clock frequency of 95 MHz are 1,105 Mbps and 810 Mbps in AES mode, 935 Mbps and 715 Mbps in ARIA mode, and 138~184 Mbps in GCM AE mode according to the key length.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.25-25
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• 2018

본 연구는 충주댐을 대상으로 기후변화에 따른 미래 댐운영에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 연구 목적에 접합한 GCM 및 상세화 기법 선정을 위한 절차를 적용함으로써 사용자 중심의 기후변화 시나리오 상세화 자료가 유입량의 재현성 평가에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 우선 편이보정 전의 29개 원시 GCM에 대한 강수량 및 기온의 순단위 시 공간적 재현성 평가를 통해서 상위 16개 GCM을 선정하였다. 이후 상세화 기법을 선정하기 위해서 유입량 전망에 중요하다고 판단되는 총강수량(prcptot) 및 일최대강수량 (rx1day)을 기후지수(Climate Indices)로 선정하였다. 상세화 기법은 과거기간의 재현성이 평가, 미래기간 시그널 왜곡도 평가, 공간상관성에 대한 재현성 평가를 통해 SQM 기법을 선정하였다. 제한적인 기후변화 전망 자료를 고려하여 과거 30년 기간에 대한 모의결과 월단위 모형효율지수(ME) 및 결정계수 ($R^2$)는 모두 0.92로 만족할 만한 결과를 보여 주었다. GCM 선정에 따른 오차는 원시 GCM을 통해 선정된 16개 GCM을 사용한 경우 유입량 재현성 평가에 있어 가장 좋은 결과를 보였다. 전체적으로 상세화 자료를 유역 모델링에 활용하는 경우 GCM의 선정보다는 상세화 기법의 선정이 전체적인 재현성 평가에 있어서 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 미래기간에 대한 평균 유입량 전망은 모든 RCP 시나리오에서 근 미래 보다는 중간 및 먼 미래 기간 동안에 유입량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 모든 미래 기간에 대해여 RCP 8.5 시나리오가 RCP 4.5 시나리오와 비교하여 유입량의 증가가 높을 것으로 전망되었다. 홍수 관리측면에서 중요한 일 최대 유입량의 미래 변동은 평균 유입량과 비교하여 최대 두 배 이상의 높은 변화율을 보였다. 댐운영 측면에서는 연간 총 유입량의 변화보다 시기별 유입량의 변동 특성을 이해하는 것이 중요하며, 평균 유입량 및 일단위 최대 유입량 모두 근 미래 기간에 대해서는 RCP 시나리오 모두 7월 및 8월을 중심으로 유입량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 반면 중간 미래에서 먼 미래로 갈수록 평균 및 일단위 최대 유입량 모두 전체 기간에 걸쳐 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the manual intervention and self corrective exercise models of GCM(General Coordinative Manipulation) on the groups bow-knee and knock-knee. Methods: GCM Center of 23 members were divided into the two different groups. 12 members of group bow-knee and 11 members of group knock-knee applied to each manual intervention and self corrective exercise models of GCM. Two different groups were applied to 1 cycle a day for 4 weeks, 3 times a week. Results: The effect of manual intervention and self corrective exercise models of GCM on the groups bow-knee and knock-knee was significant(z<.05). The relationship between groups bow-knee and knock-knee was no significant(z>.05). Conclusion: the manual intervention and self corrective exercise models of GCM was contributed in the Correct recovery of bow-knee and knock-knee(z<.05).