• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is economically the most important and challenging disease in swine industries worldwide and caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV). Previous studies reported that pigs with heterozygous genotypes in the guanylate-binding proteins (GBP1 and GBP5) exhibited increased resistance against PRRSV infection. The present study was conducted to produce higher numbers of the heterozygous pigs based on the PRRS resistant polymorphisms found in GBP1 (GBP1E2 and WUR) and GBP5, and evaluate the resistance of heterozygous pigs against challenge with a type 2 PRRSV (JA142) in comparison with homozygous pigs. In the challenge study, 12, 4 week-old PRRSV-negative piglets were selected based on the genotypes of the 3 polymorphisms (GBP1E2, WUR and GBP5). Among them, 8 piglets [homozygous (n=4) and heterozygous (n=4)] were challenged with JA142 and kept in the same room, and the remaining 4 piglets were kept separately as a negative control. In results, the sperms collected from the boars of GBP1E2-GG genotype produced approximately 28~41% higher numbers of heterozygous piglets as compared with those from the boars of GBP1E2-AG genotype. In the challenge study, we found that heterozygous piglets showed the significantly lower levels of viremia than homozygous piglets at 14, 21 and 28 dpc. Consistently, these heterozygous piglets also exhibited significantly higher ADWG than homozygous piglets. Therefore, in the current study, selection of boars based on SNP markers could increase the production of PRRS resistant piglets and the PRRS resistant pigs were found to be more resistant to PRRSV infection.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.130-136
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• 1999

Mouse guanylate-binding protein 3 (mGBP3) is a 71-kDa GTPase which belongs to GTP-binding protein family. The present study showed that the expression of mGBP3 transcript was readily induced in a dose dependent fashion in the macrophage cell line RAW264.7 treated with either $interferon-{\gamma} (IFN-\gamma)$ or lipopolysaccaride (LPS). The expression of mGBP3 protein was also apparent by 4 and 6 h after the treatment of cells with IFN-\gamma (100 U/ml) or LPS ($1{\mu}g/ml$) , and remained at palteau for at least 24 h. Cycloheximide ($10{\mu}g/ml$) had no effect on the $IFN-\gamma-$ or LPS-induced mGBP3 expression, suggesting that the mGBP3 induction did not require further protein synthesis. Interestingly, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor staurosporine (50 nM) abolished the induction of mGBP3 expression by LPS, but not by $IFN-{\gamma}$. These findings suggest that mGBP3 may be involved in the macrophage activation process and both IFN-\gamma and LS induce the mGBP3 expression through distinct signal transduction pathways.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2005

Spectroscopic investigations on the interaction of gabapentin (GBP) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were reported. The association constant of GBP-BSA system was determined at different temperatures (298, 302, 306 and 311 K) based on the fluorescence quenching results. The GBP was found to quench the fluorescence of BSA through static mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters, the standard enthalpy change, $({\Delta}H^o)$ and the standard entropy change $({\Delta}S^o)$ were observed to be $-9.61{\pm}0.008\;kJ\;mol^{-1}$ and $3.58{\pm}0.011\;Jmol^{-1}K{-1}$ respectively. These indicated that the hydrophobic and electrostatic forces played a role in the interaction of GBP with BSA. The negative value of ${\Delta}G^o$ revealed that the binding reaction is spontaneous. The circular dichroism studies indicated the conformational changes in BSA upon interaction with GBP. The effect of some metal ions on the binding constant was also investigated.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2019

Streptococcus mutans is one of the important bacteria that forms dental biofilm and cause dental caries. Virulence genes in S. mutans can be classified into the genes involved in bacterial adhesion, extracellular polysaccharide formation, biofilm formation, sugar uptake and metabolism, acid tolerance, and regulation. The genes involved in bacterial adhesion are gbps (gbpA, gbpB, and gbpC) and spaP. The gbp genes encode glucan-binding protein (GBP) A, GBP B, and GBP C. The spaP gene encodes cell surface antigen, SpaP. The genes involved in extracellular polysaccharide formation are gtfs (gtfB, gtfC, and gtfD) and ftf, which encode glycosyltransferase (GTF) B, GTF C, and GTF D and fructosyltransferase, respectively. The genes involved in biofilm formation are smu630, relA, and comDE. The smu630 gene is important for biofilm formation. The relA and comDE genes contribute to quorumsensing and biofilm formation. The genes involved in sugar uptake and metabolism are eno, ldh, and relA. The eno gene encodes bacterial enolase, which catalyzes the formation of phosphoenolpyruvate. The ldh gene encodes lactic acid dehydrogenase. The relA gene contributes to the regulation of the glucose phosphotransferase system. The genes related to acid tolerance are atpD, aguD, brpA, and relA. The atpD gene encodes $F_1F_0$-ATPase, a proton pump that discharges $H^+$ from within the bacterium to the outside. The aguD gene encodes agmatine deiminase system and produces alkali to overcome acid stress. The genes involved in regulation are vicR, brpA, and relA.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.150-154
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• 2010

심장기능을 평가하는데 중요한 기준이 되는 심박출계수의 측정은 반복검사가 용이한 심초음파가 가장 흔히 사용되고 있다. 현재 게이트심장혈액풀스캔의 검사 빈도가 낮고 게이트심장혈액풀 SPECT를 이용한 좌심실 심박출계수의 결과는 게이트심장혈액풀스캔과 심초음파의 결과와 비교적 잘 맞는 것으로 알려져 있으나 임상적으로는 잘 이용되지 못하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 게이트심장혈액풀스캔 및 SPECT에서의 심박출계수를 심초음파와 비교하여 분석하였다. 2007년 1월부터 2010년 5월까지 34명의 환자를 대상으로 심초음파 검사 후 게이트심장혈액풀스캔과 SPECT를 함께 시행하였다. 대상 환자 가운데 남자가 23명이었고 여자는 11명이었으며 평균연령은 $52.6{\pm}27.2$세였다. 환자에게 생리식염수로 희석한 pyrophosphate 1 cc를 먼저 정맥주사하고 15분 후 20 mCi의 $^{99m}{TcO_4}^-$를 정맥주사 하였다. 10분 후 안정 상태에서 심전도를 부착한 뒤 planar와 SPECT를 연속하여 촬영하고 ADAC Laboratories, Ver. 4.20 software를 이용하여 영상을 분석하고 각각의 심박출계수를 측정하였다. 일원배치 분산분석(one-way anova) 후 사후검정(Tukey test)을 통해 평균값을 비교하고 서로 간 pearson 상관계수를 구하였다(SPSS Ver 17.0). 심박출계수의 평균값과 표준편차값은 planar에서 $56.3{\pm}13.9$ (%), SPECT에서 $60.4{\pm}16.0$ (%), 심초음파에서는 $59.1{\pm}14.4$ (%)로 유의한 차이는 없었으며(p=0.486) 이에 대한 사후 검정은 planar-심초음파 p=0.697, SPECT-심초음파 p=0.928, planar-SPECT p=0.469로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 상관관계에서는 planar-심초음파 r=0.801, SPECT-심초음파 r=0.810, planar-SPECT r=0.873 비교적 높은 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.01). 게이트혈액풀스캔 및 SPECT와 심초음파를 이용하여 구한 좌심실의 심박출계수는 높은 상관성을 보였으며 평균값에서도 유의한 차이는 없었다. 현재 게이트혈액풀스캔은 시행건수가 줄어들고 스캔의 정확성이나 재현성에 대한 문제는 남아있으며 SPECT의 경우 임상적으로 잘 적용되지 못하고 있으나 다양한 심기능 지표들을 얻을 수 있고 혈액풀스캔에서의 심박출계수와 좋은 일치율을 보이므로 심초음파를 대체할 수 있는 유용한 검사법이라 생각된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.256-262
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• 2022

Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer is well known as traditional herbal medicine, and ginseng berries are known to exhibit potential immune-enhancing functions. However, little is known about the in vivo immunomodulatory activity of Korean ginseng berries. In this study, crude Korean ginseng berries polysaccharides (GBP) were isolated and their immunomodulatory activities were investigated using cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced immunosuppressive BALB/c mice. In CY-treated mice, oral administration of GBP (50-500 mg/kg BW) remarkably increased their spleen sizes and spleen indices and activated NK cell activities. GBP also resulted in the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes (coordinating with ConA: plant mitogen which is known to stimulate T-cell or LPS: endotoxin which binds receptor complex in B cells to promote the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines) in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, GBP significantly stimulated mRNA expression levels of immune-associated genes including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in CY-treated mice. These results indicate that GBP is involved in immune effects against CY-induced immunosuppression. Thus, GBP could be developed as an immunomodulation agent for medicinal or functional food application.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2020년도 제62차 하계학술대회논문집 28권2호
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• pp.151-154
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• 2020

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is increasing as obesity increases in Korea. In this study, we investigated the relationship between MS and gallbladder polyp (GBP). We examined 9,861 subjects who visited a single health-screening center in Jeju between January 2009 and December 2019. MS was defined according to the revised National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed after adjusting for age to evaluate the association between the components of MS and GBP. The estimated rates of MS and GBP among subjects were 28.5% and 4.8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis suggested that MS (odds ratio[OR] 1.405, P=0.006) was the only independent factor affecting GBP. In our study sample, MS was correlated with GBP. The prevalence of gallbladder polyp increased with an increase in the risk factors indicating MS.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.61-87
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• 2020

Five diffusion models are estimated using three different foreign exchange rates to find an appropriate model for each. Daily spot exchange rates expressed as the prices of 1 euro, 1 British pound and 100 Japanese yen in US dollars, respectively denoted by USD/EUR, USD/GBP, and USD/100JPY, are used. The maximum likelihood estimation method is implemented after deriving an approximate log-transition density function (log-TDF) of the diffusion processes because the true log-TDF is unknown. Of the five models, the most general model is the best fit for the USD/GBP, and USD/100JPY exchange rates, but it is not the case for the case of USD/EUR. Although we could not find any evidence of the mean-reverting property for the USD/EUR exchange rate, the USD/GBP, and USD/100JPY exchange rates show the mean-reversion behavior. Interestingly, the volatility function of the USD/EUR exchange rate is increasing in the exchange rate while the volatility functions of the USD/GBP and USD/100Yen exchange rates have a U-shape. Our results reveal that more care has to be taken when determining a diffusion model for the exchange rate. The results also imply that we may have to use a more general diffusion model than those proposed in the literature when developing economic theories for the behavior of the exchange rate and pricing foreign currency options or derivatives.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2004년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.664-668
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 고속 이더넷의 고속의 이더넷의 물리계층에서 수신된 비트열로 부터 클록을 복원하고, 이 클록으로부터 동기된 비트열을 10b/8b 디코딩한 다음, 바이트열로 복원하여 데이터 링크계층의 MAC(Media Access controller)로 전송한다. PCS의 디코더는 S비트의 데이터와 제어신호를 추출하여 MAC으로 전달하는 기능을 수행한다. 즉 본 논문에서는 PCS기능 중 가장 중요한 요소인 10b/8b 디코더를 VHDL언어를 사용하여 기술하고 Xilinx ISE5.1를 이용하여 구현하였고, 입력 부분에 DDR인터페이스를 사용하였다. 구현한 결과 1056개의 게이트 사용하였으며, 10Gbps를 지원하기 위해서는 한 블록 당 2.5Gbps의 처리속도가 필요하다. 설계 모듈은 5.1Gbps의 처리 속도를 지원하여 관련 응용분야에서 사용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2001년도 제12회 정기총회 및 01년도 동계학술발표회
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• pp.180-181
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• 2001

이 논문은 채널당 1Gbps로 동작하는 10채널 광 수신기를 0.25$mu extrm{m}$ CMOS공정을 이용하여 설계한 것이다. 광 수신기는 크게 2부분으로 나눠지는데 첫 번째 부분은 입력된 전류 신호를 전압 신호로 변환시켜주는 역할을 하는 트랜스임피던스 전치증폭기이고, 다음 부분은 원하는 디지털 레벨로 풀스윙 할 수 있도록 하는 후치증폭기이다. 전치증폭기의 출력 전압은 스윙폭에 무관하게 그 다음 단에서 적당한 디지털 레벨 데이터로 변환되어야한다. (중략)