• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
• /
• v.36 no.7 s.417
• /
• pp.132-134
• /
• 2004

품질관리는 미래 산업에서 아주 중요한 부분을 차지하며 사료공장에서 도계장까지 생산 과정 전반에 걸쳐 이뤄져야 한다. 오늘날 소비자들 사이에 영양가 있고 청정한 축산물에 대한 요구가 높아지고 있다. 40여 년 전의 축산물은 생산량 증대가 주요 관심사였고, 그 후 10년 뒤에는 생산성에 초점을 맞췄다가 1970년대에는 품질이 우선이었고, '80년대부터는 환경 문제가 주요 관심사로 떠오르게 되었다. 그러던 것이 새천년에 들어서면서 동물의 복지가 새로운 이슈로 등장하게 되었다. '안전식품을 위한 안전한 사료'가 제창되었고 이러한 개념은 모든 축산물 생산과정에 적용하게 되었다. 축산업자들도 소비자들의 가치를 높이고 안전과 축산업자들도 소비자들의 가치를 높이고 안전과 품질관리를 통해서만 경쟁에서 살아남는다는 것을 인식하게 되었다. 더욱이 국제적으로 GATT/ WTO체제에 따른 무역개방화는 전 세계를 단일 시장화 하고 있으며, 그에 따라 축산물에 대한 품질관리 (Quality Assurance, QA)프로그램은 더욱 중요시 되고 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 1994.06a
• /
• pp.29-40
• /
• 1994

지난 7년간을 끌어오던 우루과이 라운드 협상이 우리나라 농민을 비롯한 온 국민의 심각한 우려와 관심하에 마침내 1993년 12월 15일에 스위스 제네바의 GATT 다자간 회의에서 타결되었고 1994년 4월 16일 모로코 마라케시의 협상국 각료 회의에서 최종 서명됨과 동시에 세계무역기구(WTO)가 발족됨으로서 활을 비롯한 15개 작목의 비교역적 기초농산물마저도 예외없이 국제적 관방이 불가피하게 되었다. 이와 같은 현실하에서 국민 기본식량의 안전보장, 국토의 생태환경보전, 전통문화 및 경제사회문화의 안여적 발전등에 기본역할을 하고 있는 벼농사를 지키기 위해서는 금후 2004년까지 10년의 유예기간을 통하여 국산미 품질의 상섬화 및 다양화, 성력화 및 생산비 저감재배, 안전적 재배기술 혁신에 의한 생산성의 극대화, 가공 및 유통의 개선등으로 국제 영향력을 획기적으로 높여 나가야 할 것이다. 따라서 본보에서는 국내산 쌀의 국제경쟁력을 강화하기 위한 찰 정질의 고유화 및 다양화와 성력화의 비용 및 생산성 제고에 대하여 품종개량 및 재배기술면에서 중점적으로 검토해 보고자 한다.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.267-284
• /
• 2004

The expansion of regionalism has resulted in the creation of blocs of the world economy, so that those countries not belonging to one or more blocs can discriminated. Though recently singed on the bill of FTA with Chile, Korea is actually alienated from major stream of the blocs. Therefore, Korea government makes efforts to contract more FTAs with countries such as Singapore and Japan. FTA is believed to be an important method to secure export and national competitiveness in the long term. Therefore, we need to exactly understand critical issues and the long-run effect of FTA. The paper tries to find out important issues and potential strategies relating to electronic commerce in Korea-Singapore and Korea-Japan FTA. According to the historical facts, economic effect of FTA depends a lot on the contents of the agreement. Therefore, additional intensive studies are required before contracting FTA in the future.

• Korean journal of communication and information
• /
• v.35
• /
• pp.36-86
• /
• 2006

The industrialization and globalization in the field of broadcasting are rapidly proceeded by extension of multilateral agreement as GATT and WTO, and by expansion of bilateral FTA. The broadcasting gets important in the industries according to the change of broadcasting environment grounded on industrial logic. As the broadcasting products become an important article of trade, broadcasting industry is the best bet in the cultural industries. In the international trade, the USA and Japan will treat cultural products the same as common goods and keep in the frame of free trade. On the contrary, the EU nations and Canada take a position that the cultural products are common goods and also public goods at the same time, and that therefore the cultural products will be excepted from the free trade. But this so called cultural exception, which is formed in the multilateral free trade agreement, is merely a temporal countermeasure, not a fundamental alternative especially in the present circumstances of DDA negotiation of WTO and of enlargement of FTA by the USA. So a nation shall carry out policies for cultural identity and cultural autonomy by the guarantee of Cultural Diversity Agreement of UNESCO, and organize a new cultural exchange order which substitutes the trade order by trade agreements.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
• /
• 1993.10a
• /
• pp.326-333
• /
• 1993

Okinawa Prefecture is located in the southernmost part of Japan and has a subtropical climate. A lot of tropical fruits such as pineapples, mangoes and papayas are produced. Pineapples were mainly supplied to the canning industry. Since April 1990, the Japanese Government released the foreign trade restriction of canned pineapples and pineapple juice in accordance with GATT. Okinawan Farmers have been expanding the customers from the processing industry to the fresh market. During the recent year, fully mature, high quality pineapples which have 15 Brix in sugar content are produced in green houses on Okinawa. Prices are 2 to 3 times those of the imported pineapples. At present, they are sorted manually, and this sorting might cause the pineapples to lose their reputation. NIR applied fruit sorters have been developed and operated for apples and peaches in Japan . NIR applied tests were carried out to consider the feasibility into the NIR technique for measurement of the NIR a alysis suggests adequate correlations between sugar content and NIR reflectance properties of pineapples and mangoes.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.53-58
• /
• 2017

Purpose - The world economy is changing with FTA. Lots of FTAs are going on between countries and economic blocs in the world economy as the battle field of FTA. This study is aims to suggest a practical data about Korea-China FTA by analyzing an economic ripple effect and main issues on Korea-China FTA negotiation. Research design, data, and methodology - This study analyzes the economic impact and major issues expected during the promotion period of Korea-China FTA, and promoted the purpose of this research with literature review and comparative analysis. Result - FTA agreement with China is expected to contribute to Korean economic growth by bringing effectiveness of securing and resolving mutual trade conflict, and one-sided trade protection control of Chinese domestic demand market. The potentiality between United States and Korea is also very important issue. Conclusions - To minimize the adverse effects of FTA and to maximize the positive effects on the logistics industry, the Correspondence strategy is suggested based on the effects of FTA after analyzing the entire situation of the logistics. Especially, this article places emphasis on a close cooperation system between the government agencies to get a good conclusion from the negotiation even if the e-Commerce issue to be a critical point under Korea-China FTA.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.42
• /
• pp.337-364
• /
• 2009

Trade remedy is the system that additional duty or import quantity restriction would be imposed on the import products, in case that unfair imports damage domestic industry or even proper import products damage significantly domestic industry. The system is secured by the act of unfair trade practice investigation & industrial damage remedy, tariff act, WTO agreement. Anti-dumping duty act is the system that duties are assessed with the equal or less amount of the difference between normal transaction price and dumping price, in case that the product imported under dumping price causes or may cause damages in domestic industry, or the development of domestic industry should be delayed practically. Recently, the problems related with anti-dumping duty imposed as the part of the trade remedy occur frequently. It is necessary to discuss whether the anti-dumping duty act is practically trade remedy which does comply with GATT regulations and WTO agreements as the criteria of international law and is in line with the intent of domestic act in the suffered country, or it does return to protective trade or reduce the protection of consumer. On the basis of this discussion, it would be difficult to impose the antidumping duty on industrial products in order to protect domestic industry, when considering the expected free trade agreements of Korea-US, Korea-China and Korea-Japan. In order to survive under the current severe competition of world trade market, companies should raise the competitiveness by themselves without relying on the current trade acts to provide with a certain protection. This thesis should bring those attentions.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.439-455
• /
• 2008

The SPS Agreement, concluded in the Uruguay Round for the purpose of controlling SPS risks, has traditionally been recognized to maintain the narrowest scope of application compared with TBT Agreement and GATT in relation with environmental provisions. Contrary to such an understanding on the scope of the SPS Agreement, the panel in the EC-Biotech case found that the SPS Agreement extends to regulate trade-restrictive measures on Genetically Modified Organizations(GMOs) causing health and environmental risks. This expanding scope of the SPS Agreement would have substantial influence on domestic environmental regulations as well as Multilateral Environmental Agreements(MEAs). This paper discusses the consequences of an expanding ambit for the WTO SPS Agreement through the designation of a wider range of health and environmental regulations affecting trade as SPS measures. As a result, not only precautionary measures on GMO risks, but also other health and environmental measures with trade impacts, could be subject to SPS control, and consequently, the institutional rigors of the WTO regime. However, strict and literal interpretation of the SPS provisions to expand its applicable scope would cause concerns about the WTO's intervention on the purely environmental measures. Pursuing harmonized and flexible interpretation of provisions on environment-related conflicts as well as accepting precautionary principle included MEAs will contribute to reduce such kind of concerns.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.49-64
• /
• 1988

대부분의 수출자율규제실시국(輸出自律規制實施國)들은 총(總)쿼타의 일부를 개방(開放)쿼타로 할당하여 수출단가(輸出單價)와 비규제국(非規制國) 수출실적(輸出實績)에 비례하여 배분하는 2단계(二段階)쿼타배분제도(配分制度)를 택하고 있으며 이는 수출자율규제(輸出自律規制)에서 오는 수출소득(輸出所得)과 수출물량(輸出物量)의 감소를 수출시장다변화(輸出市場多邊化)를 통해 줄이려는 정책적(政策的) 노력(努力)으로 해석된다. 본고(本稿)는 부분균형분석(部分均衡分析)을 통해 비규제국(非規制國) 수출실적(輸出實績)을 개방(開放)쿼타의 배분기준(配分基準)으로 하는 2단계(二段階)쿼타배분제도(配分制度)가 기본(基本)쿼타에만 의존하는 단일(單一)쿼타배분제도(配分制度)보다 비규제국(非規制國) 수출물량(輸出物量)을 증가시키고 이에 따른 수출소득(輸出所得)의 변화는 비규제국(非規制國) 수입수요탄력성(輸入需要彈力性)에 의해 결정됨을 보인 반면 개방(開放)쿼타를 얻기 위한 기업의 경쟁행위가 비규제국(非規制國) 수출가격(輸出價格)을 한계생산비(限界生産費) 이하의 수준으로 하락시켜 자원배분(資源配分)의 비효율(非效率)을 초래할 수 있으며 이는 바로 GATT규정(規定)에 위배되는 덤핑사례(事例)를 유도할 수 있음을 보였다. 따라서 수출(輸出)쿼타배분제도(配分制度)를 운용함에 있어서 자원배분(資源配分)의 효율(效率)과 국제무역환경(國際貿易環境)에 미치는 영향 등을 충분히 고려해야 할 것이다.

• Korea Trade Review
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.113-130
• /
• 2021

This study aims to analyze the WTO-inconsistent aspects of the single rate presumption of the United States in establishing and imposing anti-dumping duties for non-market economy exporters. By examining the drafting history in the GATT/WTO negotiations and the practice of the single rate presumption for non-market economies by the United States from a comparative perspective, it critically addresses the inherent lack of pertinent disciplines under the framework of the WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement in establishing dumping margins for exporters of non-market economies. The WTO Dispute Settlement Body leaves open the possibility of allowing the investigating authority to consider multiple exporters and the exporting country as a single entity. However, the study argues that it is difficult in practice for the investigating authority to make a single-entity decision in a WTO-consistent manner. The study also finds an incompatibility in the notion between establishing dumping margins for 'individual' exporters and 'non-market economies.' A proper discipline for non-market economies under the multilateral anti-dumping norm needs to be reconsidered in the era of persistent trade conflicts between the United States and China.