• 제목/요약/키워드: G418

검색결과 237건 처리시간 0.031초

Functional Analysis of the Invariant Residue G791 of Escherichia coli 16S rRNA

  • Song, Woo-Seok;Kim, Hong-Man;Kim, Jae-Hong;Sim, Se-Hoon;Ryou, Sang-Mi;Kim, Sang-Goo;Cha, Chang-Jun;Cunningham, Philip R.;Bae, Jee-Hyeon;Lee, Kang-Seok
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • 제45권5호
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    • pp.418-421
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    • 2007
  • The nucleotide at position 791(G791) of E. coli 16S rRNA was previously identified as an invariant residue for ribosomal function. In order to characterize the functional role of G791, base substitutions were introduced at this position, and mutant ribosomes were analyzed with regard to their protein synthesis ability, via the use of a specialized ribosome system. These ribosomal RNA mutations attenuated the ability of ribosomes to conduct protein synthesis by more than 65%. A transition mutation (G to A) exerted a moderate effect on ribosomal function, whereas a transversion mutation (G to C or U) resulted in a loss of protein synthesis ability of more than 90%. The sucrose gradient profiles of ribosomes and primer extension analysis showed that the loss of protein-synthesis ability of mutant ribosomes harboring a base substitution from G to U at position 791 stems partially from its inability to form 70S ribosomes. These findings show the involvement of the nucleotide at position 791 in the association of ribosomal subunits and protein synthesis steps after 70S formation, as well as the possibility of using 16S rRNA mutated at position 791 for the selection of second-site revertants in order to identify ligands that interact with G791 in protein synthesis.

유통생약의 아플라톡신 모니터링 (Monitoring of Aflatoxins on Commercial Herbal Medicines)

  • 박승영;문현주;조수열;이준구;이화미;송지영;조옥선;조대현
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.315-321
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    • 2011
  • 아플라톡신은 Aspergillus flavus와 A. parasiticus.에 의해 생성되는 독소대사산물로 강력한 발암성물질로서 땅콩, 옥수수, 쌀, 보리 등 탄수화물이 주성분인 곡류가 그 기질로 알려져 있으며 생약에서도 검출된 보고가 있다. 본 연구는 아플라톡신($B_1$, $B_2$, $G_1$, $G_2$) 모니터링을 통해 생약의 곰팡이 독소 허용 기준 마련을 위한 기초 자료로 활용하고자 한다. 모니터링을 위해 국내(5개 지역)와 중국(2개 지역)에서 유통 중인 생약 50품목의 558시료를 수거하였다. 수거한 시료는 관능검사를 거쳐 적합한 시료를 선정하여 실험에 사용하였다. 아플라톡신 분석은 시료를 70% 메탄올로 추출하여 면역친화성 칼럼으로 정제한 후, 칼럼 후 유도체화 장치(PHRED)가 장착된 HPLC-FLD로 분석하였다. 아플라톡신 분석을 위해 시험법을 검증하였다. 그 결과 검출한계와 정량한계는 각각 $0.0l5{\sim}0.138\;{\mu}g/kg$, $0.046{\sim}0.418\;{\mu}g/kg$였으며 회수율은 67.4~96.2%로 나타났다. 검증된 시험법으로 국내와 중국에서 유통 중인 생약을 대상으로 모니터링한 결과, 생약 2건(보두, 호미카)에서 아플라톡신($B_1$, $G_1$)이 검출되었다. 보두에서는 아플라톡신 $B_1$이 1.7 ${\mu}g/kg$, $G_1$이 0.9 ${\mu}g/kg$이 검출되었고, 호미카에서는 $G_1$이 0.8 ${\mu}g/kg$ 검출되었다. 또한 생약의 주복용 형태인 탕액으로 조제 하였을 때, 아플라톡신의 이행정도를 알아보고자 생약에 아플라톡신을 오염시키고 무 압력과 압력 조건에서 열수 추출 하였다. 탕액 조제시 아플라톡신의 이행률은 무압력 조건에서 13.6~51.3%였다.

Identification of Novel SNPs in Bovine Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 (IGFBP3) Gene

  • Kim, J.Y.;Yoon, D.H.;Park, B.L.;Kim, L.H.;Na, K.J.;Choi, J.G.;Cho, C.Y.;Lee, H.K.;Chung, E.R.;Sang, B.C.;Cheong, I.J.;Oh, S.J.;Shin, Hyoung Doo
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.3-7
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    • 2005
  • The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), their receptors, and their binding proteins play key roles in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3, OMIM #146732) is one of the proteins that bind to the IGFs. IGFBP3 is a modulator of IGF bioactivity, and direct growth inhibitor in the extravascular tissue compartment. We identified twenty-two novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IGFBP3 gene in Korean cattle (Hanwoo, Bos taurus coreanae) by direct sequencing of full gene including -1,500 bp promoter region. Among the identified SNPs, five common SNPs were screened in 650 Korean cattle; one SNP in promoter (IGFBP3 G-854C), one in 5'UTR region (IGFBP3 G-100A), two in intron 1 (IGFBP3 G+421T, IGFBP3 T+1636A), and one in intron 2 (IGFBP3 C+3863A). The frequencies of each SNP were 0.357 (IGFBP3 G-854C), 0.472 (IGFBP3 G-100A), 0.418 (IGFBP3 G+421T), 0.363 (IGFBP3 T+1636A) and 0.226 (IGFBP3 C+3863A), respectively. Haplotypes and their frequencies were estimated by EM algorithm. Six haplotypes were constructed with five SNPs and linkage disequilibrium coefficients (|D'|) between SNP pairs were also calculated. The information on SNPs and haplotypes in IGFBP3 gene could be useful for genetic studies of this gene.

Genetic Diversity of Echinococcus granulosus in Center of Iran

  • Pestechian, Nader;Safa, Ahmad Hosseini;Tajedini, Mohammadhasan;Rostami-Nejad, Mohammad;Mousavi, Mohammad;Yousofi, Hosseinali;Javanmard, Shaghayegh Haghjooy
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • 제52권4호
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    • pp.413-418
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    • 2014
  • Hydatid cyst caused by Echinococcus granulosus is one of the most important parasitic diseases around the world and many countries in Asia, including Iran, are involved with this infection. This disease can cause high mortality in humans as well as economic losses in livestock. To date, several molecular methods have been used to determine the genetic diversity of E. granulosus. So far, identification of E. granulosus using real-time PCR fluorescence-based quantitative assays has not been studied worldwide, also in Iran. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of E. granulosus from center of Iran using real-time PCR method. A total of 71 hydatid cysts were collected from infected sheep, goat, and cattle slaughtered in Isfahan, Iran during 2013. DNA was extracted from protoscolices and/or germinal layers from each individual cyst and used as template to amplify the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1) (420 bp). Five cattle isolates out of 71 isolates were sterile and excluded from further investigation. Overall, of 66 isolates, partial sequences of the cox1 gene of E. granulosus indicated the presence of genotypes G1 in 49 isolates (74.2%), G3 in 15 isolates (22.7%), and G6 in 2 isolates (3.0%) in infected intermediate hosts. Sixteen sequences of G1 genotype had microgenetic variants, and they were compared to the original sequence of cox1. However, isolates identified as G3 and G6 genotypes were completely consistent with original sequences. G1 genotype in livestock was the dominant genotype in Isfahan region, Iran.

시판 고춧가루의 품질 특성에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Quality of Commercial Red Pepper Powder)

  • 황성연;안영훈;신길만
    • 한국식품영양학회지
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    • 제14권5호
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    • pp.418-422
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    • 2001
  • 시판되는 4개 사 고춧가루를 구입하여 고춧가루의 품질에 관한 이화학적 특성을 비교 분석하였다. 고춧가루 선호도를 결정하는 것은 색상인데 C사 제품의 L값이 46.667로 가장 높았으며 a, b값도 22.738과 19.941로 제일 높게 나왔다. 고추의 적색소인 capsanthin은 D사가 80.0mg/100g으로 가장 많았으며 A, C, B사가 각각 75.0, 58.9, 51.0mg/100g 순이었고 ASTA color 도 같은 경 향을 보였다. Capsanthin 양과는 달리 L, a, b값 모두 C사가 제일 높게 나왔는데 이는 고춧가루의 입도에 의한 영향 때문으로 여겨진다 각 고춧가루의 pH 차이는 크지 않았으며 유기산은 A, B, D사 제품에서 quinic acid가 가장 많이 검출되었으며 C사 제품은citric acid가 가장 높게 검출되었다. 신미성분 가운데 capsaicin은 D사가 59.93mg/100g으로 가장 많았으며 B사가 25.87mg/100g으로 제일 적었으며 capsaicinoids는 각각 62.93, 28.20mg/100g로 나타나 2배 이상의 차이를 보였다. 미생물의 발생 가능성을 추정할 수 있는 수분활성 도는 A, B, C, D사가 각각 0.584, 0.676, 0.526 및 0.568 로 나타나 A, C, D사 제품은 문제가 없을 것으로 예측되나 B사 제품의 수분활성도가 0.676으로 곰팡이 발생 우려가 있을 것으로 예측되었다.

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기능성 원료를 기질로 이용하는 Monacolin-K 고함유 모나스커스 균주의 생산배지 최적화 (Production Medium Optimization for Monascus Biomass Containing High Content of Monacolin-K by Using Soybean Flour Substrates)

  • 이선규;전계택;정용섭
    • KSBB Journal
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    • 제23권6호
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    • pp.463-469
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구에서는 홍국균 (Monascus pilosus)을 이용하여 이차대사 산물인 monacolin-K를 대량생산하기 위하여 탄소원 또는 질소원으로 콩 분말을 기질로 하여 배지를 최적화하고자 하였다. 생산 배지에서 탄소원으로 콩 분말을 적용한 실험에서는 soluble starch 대신에 콩 분말을 전량 또는 50% 대체하였을 경우 전 실험구간에서 monacolin-K 생산량이 대조구의 50% 미만으로 생산되거나 전혀 생산되지 않았다. Soluble starch 대신에 sucrose를 사용한 실험의 경우 monacolin-K와 건조균체량은 각각 262 mg/L, 31.6 g/L로 대조구의 218 mg/L, 30.2 g/L보다 생산량이 증가하였다. 따라서 생산배지의 탄소원으로 sucrose를 변경하였다. 생산배지의 질소원으로 사용하는 yeast extract (15 g/L), malt extract (40 g/L), beef extract (30 g/L) 대신에 3종류의 콩 분말로 대체 실험을 한 결과, 대조구에서 monacolin-K는 262 mg/L를 생산되었고, yeast extract 50% 대신에 DSM 콩 분말을 사용한 실험구에서는 monacolin-K를 215 mg/L을 생산되어 가장 좋은 결과를 냈다. 따라서 생산배지에 yeast extract 50% 대신에 DSM 콩 분말을 적용하기로 하였다. Plackett-Burman Design 실험계획법에 의한 실험결과 monacolin-K의 생산에 영향을 미치는 인자는 yeast extract, beef extract, (NH4)2SO4 순으로 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. Monacolin-K 생산에 영향을 미치는 주요인자 3가지로 중심합성계획에 의한 반응표면분석을 수행한 결과 최적배지 조성은 sucrose 96 g/L, DSM 7.5 g/L, yeast extract 8.4 g/L, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ 12.0 g/L, malt extract 40 g/L, beef extract 26.7 g/L, $Na_2HPO_4$ 0.5 g/L, L-Histidine 3.0 g/L, $KHSO_4$ 1.25 g/L 이고, monacolin-K 생산 예상량은 369.9 mg/L 이었다. 최적배지를 이용하여 홍국균을 $27^{\circ}C$, 200 rpm 조건에서 플라스크 배양 한 결과 monacolin-K 생산량과 건조균체량은 각각 418 mg/L, 27.1 g/L이었다. 결과적으로 monacolin-K 생산과 균체량의 감소 없이 콩 분말을 이용한 배지성분의 변화는 어느 정도 가능함을 알 수 있었다. 현재 알려진 고가의 질소원을 대체하기 위해서는 초기부터 균의 형태구조에 영향을 미치는 배지와 발효환경을 고려하여야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

Chia seed (Salvia Hispanica L.) added yogurt reduces short-term food intake and increases satiety: randomised controlled trial

  • Ayaz, Aylin;Akyol, Asli;Inan-Eroglu, Elif;Cetin, Arzu Kabasakal;Samur, Gulhan;Akbiyik, Filiz
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • 제11권5호
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    • pp.412-418
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    • 2017
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Several studies have reported that consumption of Salvia Hispanica L.,commonly known as chia seed, may exert beneficial effects on health outcomes. The main purpose of this study was to examine the influence of chia seed consumption as a mid-morning snack on short-term satiety. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Subjects (n = 24) were tested using a randomized, cross-over design consisting of three mid-morning snacks. Yogurt with no chia seed, yogurt with 7 g chia seed, and yogurt with 14 g chia seed were given to subjects on different test days. After subjects were asked to report visual analog scale (VAS) scores on sensory outcomes, ad libitum lunch was served, and energy intake of individuals was measured. RESULTS: VAS scores indicated that participants reported significantly lower scores for hunger (P = 0.033), prospective food consumption (P = 0.031), amounts of food that could be consumed (P = 0.017), desire for sugary foods (P = 0.015), and higher scores for satiety (P = 0.031) on the test days with 7 g and 14 g chia seed. Energy intake of individuals during ad libitum lunch was significantly lower when they consumed yogurt with 7 g or 14 g chia seed (P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated that chia seed consumption as a mid-morning snack may induce short-term satiety in healthy individuals.

PMW-PNN-PZT계 세라믹스의 유전및 압전특성 (Dielectric and Piezoelectric Properties of PMW-PNN-PZT System Ceramics)

  • 윤광희;류주현;윤현상;박창엽
    • 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.214-219
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    • 2000
  • In this paper the structural dielectric and piezoelectric properties of Pb[(M $g_{1}$2// $W_{1}$2/)$_{x}$-(N $i_{1}$3//N $b_{2}$3/)$_{0.15-x-(Zr_{0.5})}$ $Ti_{0.5}$)$_{0.85}$$O_3$ (x=0.0~0.10) ceramic were investigated with the substitution of Pb(M $g_{1}$2// $W_{1}$2/) $O_3$. According to the substitution of Pb(M $g_{1}$2//W/1/2/) $O_3$ curie temperatures were slightly decrease due to the decrease of the tetrag-onality of crystal structure and coercive fields were decreased. Up to the substitution of Pb(M $g_{1}$2// $W_{1}$2/) $O_3$ 3mol%,remnant polarization dielectric constant piezoelectric constant were increased. Dielectric constant and electro-mechanical coupling factor( $k_{p}$, $k_{31}$ ) were appeared the highest value of 2230, 0.64, and 0.38 and piezoelectric constant( $d_{33}$ , $d_{31}$ ) was the largest value of 418, 202($\times$10$^{-12}$ /C/N), respectively, when the substitution amount of Pb(M $g_{1}$2// $W_{1}$2/N) respectively, when the substitution amount of Pb(M $g_{1}$2// $W_{1}$2/) $O_3$ was 3mol%.s 3mol%.%.

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Efficient Gene Targeting using Nuclear Localization Signal (NLS) and Negative Selection Marker Gene in Porcine Somatic Cells

  • Kim, Hye Min;Lee, Sang Mi;Park, Hyo Young;Kang, Man-Jong
    • Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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    • 제38권2호
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    • pp.71-77
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    • 2014
  • The specific genetic modification in porcine somatic cells by gene targeting has been very difficult because of low efficiency of homologous recombination. To improve gene targeting, we designed three kinds of knock-out vectors with ${\alpha}1,3$-galactosyltransferase gene (${\alpha}1,3$-GT gene), DT-A/pGT5'/neo/pGT3', DT-A/NLS/pGT5'/neo/pGT3' and pGT5'/neo/ pGT3'/NLS. The knock-out vectors consisted of a 4.8-kb fragment as the 5' recombination arm (pGT5') and a 1.9-kb fragment as the 3' recombination arm (pGT3'). We used the neomycin resistance gene (neo) as a positive selectable marker and the diphtheria toxin A (DT-A) gene as a negative selectable marker. These vectors have a neo gene insertion in exon 9 for inactivation of ${\alpha}1,3$-GT locus. DT-A/pGT5'/neo/pGT3' vector contain only positive-negative selection marker with conventional targeting vector. DT-A/NLS/pGT5'/neo/pGT3' vector contain positive-negative selection marker and NLS sequences in upstream of 5' recombination arm which enhances nuclear transport of foreign DNA into bovine somatic cells. pGT5'/neo/pGT3'/NLS vector contain only positive selection marker and NLS sequence in downstream of 3' recombination arm, not contain negative selectable marker. For transfection, linearzed vectors were introduced into porcine ear fibroblasts by electroporation. After 48 hours, the transfected cells were selected with $300{\mu}g/ml$ G418 during 12 day. The G418-resistant colonies were picked, of which 5 colonies were positive for ${\alpha}1,3$-GT gene disruption in 3' PCR and southern blot screening. Three knock-out somatic cells were obtained from DT-A/NLS/ pGT5'/neo/pGT3' knock-out vector. Thus, these data indicate that gene targeting vector using nuclear localization signal and negative selection marker improve targeting efficiency in porcine somatic cells.

Hot Wall epitaxy(HWE)법에 의한 $CdGa_2Se_4$ 단결정 박막의 성장과 가전자대 갈라짐에 대한 광전류 연구 (Photocurrent study on the splitting of the valence band and growth of $CdGa_2Se_4$ single crystal thin film by hot wall epitaxy)

  • 박창선;홍광준
    • 한국결정성장학회지
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    • 제17권5호
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    • pp.179-186
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    • 2007
  • [ $CdGa_2Se_4$ ] 단결정 박막을 수평 전기로에서 합성한 $CdGa_2Se_4$ 다결정을 증발원으로하여, hot wall epitaxy(HWE) 방법으로 증발원과 기판(반절연성-GaAs(100))의 온도를 각각 $630^{\circ}C,\;420^{\circ}C$로 고정하여 성장하였다. 이때 단결정 박막의 결정성은 광발광 스펙트럼과 이중결정 X-선 요동곡선(DCRC)으로 부터 구하였다. Hall 효과는 van der Pauw 방법에 의해 측정되었으며, 293K에서 운반자 농도와 이동도는 각각 $8.27{\times}10^{17}cm^{-3},\;345cm^2/V{\cdot}s$였다. $CdGa_2Se_4/SI$(Semi-Insulated) GaAs(100) 단결정 박막의 광흡수와 광전류 spectra를 293K에서 10K까지 측정하였다. 광흡수 스펙트럼으로부터 band gap $E_g(T)$는 Varshni 공식에 따라 계산한 결과 $E_g(T)=2.6400eV-(7.721{\times}10^{-4}eV/K)T^2/(T+399K)$였다. 광전류 스펙트럼으로부터 Hamilton matrix(Hopfield quasicubic mode)법으로 계산한 결과 crystal field splitting 에너지 ${\Delta}cr$값이 106.5meV이며 spinorbit 에너지 ${\Delta}so$값은 418.9meV임을 확인하였다. 10K일 때 광전류 세 봉우리들은 $A_{1^-},\;B_{1^-}$$C_{11}-exciton$ 봉우리임을 알았다.