• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.273-282
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• 2002

We describe some performance of the detector electronics system for the FIMS (Far-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph) mission. The FIMS mission to map the far ultraviolet sky uses MCP (micro-channel plate) detectors with a crossed delay line anode to record photon arrival events. FIMS has two MCP detectors, each with a ~25mm$\times$25mm active area. The unconventional anode design allows for the use of a single set of position encoding electronics for both detector fields. The centroid position of the charge cloud, generated by the photon-stimulated MCP, is determined by measuring the arrival times at both ends of the anode following amplification and external delay. The temporal response of the detector electronics system determines the readout's positional resolution for the charge centroid. High temporal resolution (<$35{\times}75$ps FWHM) and low power consumption (< 6W) were achieved for the FIMS detector electronics system.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.82-90
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• 2011

Reactive reductants of cement/Fe(II) systems in dechlorinating chlorinated hydrocarbons have not been identified. The previous studies showed that a hematite/CaO/Fe(II) system had TCE degradation characteristics similar to those of cement/Fe(II) systems with regard to degradation kinetics and that lime (CaO) plays an important role in enhancing the reactivity for TCE dechlorination. The current study shows identified the formation of gypsum ($CaSO_4$) in the hematite/CaO/$FeSO_4$ system through the XRD analysis. The amounts of the gypsum increased with increment of the initial CaO dose. However, when CaO in the hematite/CaO/$FeSO_4$ system was replaced with gypsum, TCE degradation was not observed. Ca-removed Portland cement extracts (CPCX) in combination with $FeSO_4(CPCX/FeSO_4)$ showed no TCE degradation. On the other hands, the Portland cement extracts (PCX) in the presence of $FeSO_4(PCX/FeSO_4)$ and CPCX/CaO/$FeSO_4$ systems degraded 0.2 mM TCE within 5 days, indicating that CaO also played an important role dechlorination reactions in the systems. The pseudo-first-order rate constants (k) of the CPCX/CaO/$FeSO_4$ systems were 0.20, 0.24, and 0.72 $day^{-1}$, when the CaO dosages were 25, 50 and 75 g/L, respectively. The XRD analyses showed identified the common peaks having the d-values of 3.02, 2.27, and 1.87 in the reaction systems that showed TCE degradation. However, it was not possible to clearly identify the crystalline minerals having the three peaks from the references in JCPDS cards. This study reveals that the reactive agents in the cement/Fe(II) and the hematite/Fe(II) systems are likely to be those containing CaO and Fe(II).

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.350-355
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• 2011

A soluble polyamide containing photosensitive l,4-phenylenediacrylic acid (PDA) in main chain with biphenyl moiety was synthesized. The chemical structure of synthesized polyamide was investigated by means of $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy. The polymer was stable up to $280^{\circ}C$ and soluble in organic solvents, giving a good quality of thin films. The photoreaction of unpolarized LTV irradiated films was investigated by means of UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and FTlR spectroscopy, and liquid crystals (LCs) alignment property was examined by exposing to linearly polarized UV light (LPUVL) of 260~380 nm. The polyamide in film has excellent photoreactivity to unpolarized UV light. Direction selective photoreaction of PDA moiety in Lhe film was found to further induce nematic liquid -crystals to align along a perpendicular direction with respect to the electric vector of LPUVL, regardless of exposure energy of LPUVL. In addition, pretilt angle was measured by means of crystal rotation method. LPUVL-exposed polymer film induced the alignment of liquid-crystals (LC) with a pretilt angle of 0.2~$0.5^{\circ}$.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.212-218
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• 1998

An obligately methylotrophic bacterium which produces extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) was isolated through methanol-enrichment culture technique. The isolate was aerobic, nonmotile, and gram negative rod and exibited catalase, but no oxidase, activity. Plasmid, carotenoid, and poly-${\beta}$-hydroxybutyric acid were not found. The guanine plus cytosine content of DNA was 52-56%. The isolate was found to grow only on methanol and monomethylamine. Growth was optimal ($t_d=2.4h$) at $35^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.5 in a mineral medium containing 0.5% (v/v) methanol, 25 mM phosphate, and 0.212% ammonium sulfate. Methanol was assimilated through the ribulose monophosphate pathway. Maximun amount of EPS was produced in cells growing at the mid-stationary growth phase at $30^{\circ}C$ in a mineral medium (PH 6.5) containing 1.0% (v/v) methanol in the CIN ratio of 54.7. Thin-layer chromatographic and high performance liquid chromatographic analysis revealed that the EPS was composed of glucose and galactose. EPS which was not treated with ethanol (Pbe) exhibited stable viscosity under various concentrations of salts and temperatures hut showed high viscosity at low pH. EPS precipitated with ethanol (Pae) was found to be more stable in viscosity than the Pbe at various salt concentrations, temperatures, and pH. The Pae also exhibited higher viscosity than the Pbe and xanthan gum. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the lyophilized Pbe and Pae have a multi-layered structure and a structure of thick fibers, respectively.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.914-922
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• 2003

Ailanthus altissima has been used to settle an upset stomach, to alleviate a fever, and as an insecticide. We reported that the water extract of A. altissima induced apoptotic cell death in HL-60 human leukemia cell line. Here, we showed the dose-dependent inhibitions of cell viability by the extract, as measured by cell morphology. The cell cycle control genes are considered to play important roles in tumorigenesis. The purpose of the present study is also to investigate the effect of A. altissima on cell cycle progression and its molecular mechanism in the cells. The level of p21 protein was increased after treatment of the extract, whereas both Bcl-2 and Bax protein levels were not changed. These results suggest that A. altissima induces apoptotic cell death via p21-dependent signaling pathway in HL-60 human leukemia cell line which delete wild type p53. G1 checkpoin related gene products tested (cyclin D3, cyclin dependent kinase 4, retinoblastoma, E2F1) were decreased in their protein levels in a dose-dependent manner after treatment of the extract. Taken together, these results indicate that the increase of apoptotic cell death by A. altissima may be due to the inhibition of cell cycle in HL-60 human leukemia cell line

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.316-327
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• 1998

This study was designed to examine the tissue levels of interleukin-$1{\alpha}$(IL-$1{\alpha}$), interleukin-$1{\beta}$(IL-$1{\beta}$) and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$) in inflamed human dental pulps and periapical lesions, and to determine the relationship between each cytokine and pulpal and periapical pathosis. The pulps used in this experiment, were obtained in routine endodontic treatment and the periapical lesions in periapical surgery after clinical diagnoses were performed. These specimens were divided into four groups as normal pulp group(control group, n=9), acute pulpitis group(n=g), chronic pulpitis group(n= 10) and periapical lesion group(n= 18) and stored in liquid N2. For extract preparation, tissues were finely minced with a scalpel, and the fragments were incubated in $0.5m\ell$ homogenizing buffer (0.1 mol/L potassium chloride, 0.02 mol/L TRIS; pH=7.6) for two hours and grinded with glass homogenizer. Debris was removed by centrifugation and supernatants were immediately tested with enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, R&D Co., Minneapolis, USA). Following results were obtained; 1. The concentrations of IL-$1{\alpha}$ in all experimental groups were significantly higher than in control group(p<0.05). And the concentrations of IL-$1{\alpha}$ in periapical lesion group were somewhat higher than in two pulpitis groups, but the differences among those groups were not stastically significant (p>0.05). 2. The concentrations of IL-$1{\beta}$ in all experimental groups were significantly higher than in control group (p<0.05), and all the experimental groups expressed similar concentrations. 3. The concentrations of TNF-${\alpha}$ in all experimental groups were higher than in control group but only the differences between chronic pulpitis group and control group were statistically significant(p<0.05). And the concentrations of TNF-${\alpha}$ in acute and chronic pulpit is groups were higher than in periapical lesion group but only the differences between chronic pulpitis group and periapical lesion group were statistically significant (p<0.05). 4. There was significant correlation only between IL-$1{\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ in periapical lesion group (p<0.05).

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.116
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• pp.281-312
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• 2010

Der vorliegende Beitrag problematisiert die Zeichen einer Zeit, in der nach der 'Wende des Sprachparadigmas' alle Prozesse einer Posttranszendenz, die in der heutigen philosophischen Problemsituation versucht werden, $bel{\ddot{a}}chelt$ werden, der Relativismus, Partikularismus und Skeptizismus $verst{\ddot{a}}rkt$ wird, und als Resultat die Kritik, Ablehnung und das Desinteresse an der Ideologie der Vernunft und Wahrheit sich verbreitet. Ich werde daher umgekehrt gerade an diesem Punkt ansetzen und ${\ddot{u}}ber$ die Notwendigkeit und Dringlichkeit der Rehabilitierung der "$Realit{\ddot{a}}t$ einer moralischen Vernunft" nachdenken. Zweck dieses Beitrags ist es, in Zusammenhang mit der Rehabilitierung der $Realit{\ddot{a}}t$ einer moralischen Vernunft, aufzuzeigen, welche theoretische Erkenntnis bzw.moralische Erkenntnis wahr ist, d.h., dass ein 'bewiesenes', da 'objektiv gerechtfertigtes' Argument existiert. $Daf{\ddot{u}}r$ werde ich als erstes auf das Problem der Relativistischen und Skeptizistischen Anhaltspunkte philosophisch eingehen(2), zur ${\ddot{U}}berwindung$ dieser Anhaltspunkte eine Rechtfertigung der rationelen und moralischen $Begr{\ddot{u}}ndung$ versuchen(3). In Folge soll betrachtet werden, dass die Rechtfertigung der rational moralischen $Begr{\ddot{u}}ndung$ mit dem Problem der $Letztbegr{\ddot{u}}ndung$ in enger Verbindung steht(4), und nachdem darauf hingewiesen wird, dass dies durch eine Konfrontation mit der Fallibilismus These zu erkenntnistheoretisch objektiver $G{\ddot{u}}ltigkeit$ gelangt(5), werde ich den Beitrag $abschlie{\ss}en$(6).

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.193-198
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• 1997

To evaluate the efficacy of transabdominal myomectomy in the management of infertile patients, and to analyze on the results of abdominal myomectomy in 38 infertile patients with no other detectable cause except myomas were undertaken at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Yonsei University Hospital from 1990 to 1996. The results are as follows; 1. Average age of patients was 31.1 years. The infertility duration ranged 12 months to 144 months, and average infertility period of patients was 29.4 months. 2. Fourteen of the 38 patients (8 of 23 patients with primary infertility, 6 of 15 patients with secondary infertility) conceived following myomectomy, with a pregnancy rate of 36.8%. 3. Patients with less than 4 years of infertility showed a higher pregnancy rate after myomectomy than those with more than 4 years of infertility (42.4% vs 0%, p<0.05). 4. Patients younger than 35 years showed significantly higher pregnancy rate than those older than 35 years (46.4% vs 9.0%, p<0.05). 5. The removal of a solitary myoma produced a significantly higher pregnancy rate than that of multiple myomas (47.8% vs 20.0%, p<0.05), and the size of the myomas did not influenced the pregnancy rate after myomectomy (p>0.1). 6. The average time period from operation to conception was 12.1 months. Eight of the 14 patients (57.1%) conceived in the first year after operation and 12 patients (85.7%) condeived within two years. In conclusion myomas are a possible cause of infertility and myomectomy can be strongly recommended with good success expectation for the infertile women if uterine myoma be considered as the main cause of infertility. And factors affecting the pregnancy rate after myomectomy in these patients are the age of the patient, the duration of infertiluty, and the number of myoma.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.78-87
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• 2018

This study constructed a structural model and examined the fit and significance of the model to identify the influencing factors on the organizational commitment of ROTC cadets. The subjects of this study were 209 male students in grades 3 and 4 ROTC cadets of eight universities located in D, P, and G cities. Data were collected from April 13 to May 29, 2018. The data collected were analyzed by SPSS / WIN 20.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs. A positive correlation was observed between the ROTC instructor's leadership, self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Six of the six pathways of the hypothetical structural model were statistically significant. The hypothetical model showed a good fit for the data. The model fit indices were ${\chi}^2/df=1.51$, GFI=.98, AGFI=.90, NFI=0.98, NFI=.97, RMR=.02, RMSEA=.05, and TLI=.98. The ROTC Instructor's leadership and self-efficacy had direct and indirect effects on the organizational commitment. Job satisfaction had the strongest direct influence on organizational commitment. This model explained 73% of the variance in organizational commitment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective education and intervention program that can enhance the ROTC instructor's leadership, self-efficacy, and job satisfaction to increase the organizational commitment of the ROTC cadets.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.89-101
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• 2019

In recent times, the number of men with late-onset hypogonadism has increased, and interest on this topic has also increased. This study was conducted to investigate effects of the mixture extract of Fructus amomi Amari, Eucommiae cortex, Bombyx batryticatus on improve late-onset hypogonadism. The experimental subjects consisted of three groups: a control group consisting of 8-week-old male ICR mice that had undergone no treatment, an aging-elicited group (AE group) consisting of 50-week-old ICR male mice that had undergone no treatment, and a Mixed herbal extract treatment group (MT group) consisting of 50-week-old ICR male mice that had undergone the mixture extract of Fructus amomi Amari, Eucommiae cortex, Bombyx batryticatus treatment (0.1 g/kg/day) for 6 months. After the experiment, the mice from all the experimental groups were dissected, and they were analyzed through histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. The mixture extract of Fructus amomi Amari, Eucommiae cortex, Bombyx batryticatus reduces aging-induced cell damage and oxidative stress and increases the secretion of serotonin and B-endorphin in aged mice, and promotes spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules and reduces apoptosis and oxidative stress, and increases androgen receptor, $17{\beta}-HSD$ and GnRH, increases the ratio of smooth muscle to collagen fibers in the corpus cavernosum, increases eNOS, decreases PDE-5 and oxidative stress in aged mice, so it improves depression, reproductive, sexual problems caused by Late-onset hypogonadism. the mixture extract of Fructus amomi Amari, Eucommiae cortex, Bombyx batryticatus inhibits the induction of osteoporosis by increasing decreased bone matrix distribution due to aging, increasing the activities of OPC and OPN, which are produced in osteoblasts, and decreasing RANKL, MMP-3 activity, increasing OPG activity. It also reduces muscle damage, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis of muscle tissue, and increases Myo-D in the sartorius muscle of aged mice for improving muscle atrophy caused by by Late-onset hypogonadism.