• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제45권6호
• /
• pp.700-711
• /
• 2002

대 상: 영아의 발달 장애를 조기에 발견하여 치료를 하기 위하여는 발달 장애의 가능성이 있는 영아뿐 아니라 모든 영아의 정기 검진에서 발달 선별 검사를 시행하는 것이 바람직하다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 발달 선별에 사용할 수 있고 결과를 점수화 할 수 있는 새로운 발달 선별 검사를 개발하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1개월에서 4세의 아동에 사용할 수 있는 이화 영아 발달 선별 검사를 개발하고 이를 베일리 영아 발달 검사를 기본검사로 하여 동시에 104명의 영아에 시행하였다. 104명 중 건강한 아동은 94명, 발달 지연을 주소로 내원한 아동은 10명이였다. 이화 발달 선별 검사의 가상 합격선을 80, 85, 90점으로 하여 각각의 점수에서 민감도와 특이도, 예측가를 계산하였다. 결 과 : 이화 영아 발달 선별 검사의 합격선을 90점으로 하는 경우 민감도 83.3%, 특이도 93.5%, 예측가 62.5%로 비교적 안정된 결과를 나타내었다. 결 론 : 발달 선별 검사의 결과를 점수화 하는 데에는 문제가 있을 수 있지만 발달을 진단하기 위해서가 아니라 선별하기 위해서 사용한다면 이러한 위험을 피할 수 있을 것이며 앞으로 더 많은 수의 아동을 상대로 검사를 시행하여 보완할 필요가 있을 것이다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제42권5호
• /
• pp.411-416
• /
• 2009

Proximate compositions and fatty acid profiles of cultured and wild mackerel (Scomber japonicus) muscles were compared. Protein content ranged from approximately 16% to 18% and was higher in wild fish than in cultured ones. Lipid content was between two to four times higher in large and small cultured fish (20.1-20.5%) compared with same sized wild fish. The prominent non-polar lipid (NL) class in fish muscles was triglyceride, and additionally, free sterol was among the prominent NL classes in wild fish muscles. Prominent phospholipid (PL) classes in cultured and wild fish muscles were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine, with the former being higher in cultured fish and the latter higher in wild fish. Prominent fatty acids of total lipid were 16:0, 18:1n-9, 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA), 16:1n-7, 18:0 and 14:0, while 18:2n-6 was among the prominent fatty acids in cultured fish. The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, DHA+EPA) content (in mg/100 g of muscle tissue) was higher in cultured fish (2,711 mg in large fish and 2,572 mg in small fish) than in wild fish (2,431 mg in large fish and 1,398 mg in small fish). In conclusion, we have been able to demonstrate that cultured mackerel could also be a good sources of n-3 PUFA, such as DHA and EPA.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제49권6호
• /
• pp.705-711
• /
• 2016

Crimson clover, a legume crop, is a landscape crop and green manure crop that can be sowing in spring and autumn. Its red flower blooms in May, and serves various roles such as landscape composition, weeds suppressing, prevention of soil loss and nutrient on sloping land and supplying nitrogen and organic matter in soil. Thus, in order to utilize this crop in agriculture land, we evaluated the growth characteristics of crimson clover cultivated in four different soil textures; sand, sandy loam, loam, and clay loam. The nitrogen content of crimson clover was $15.8g\;kg^{-1}$ and C/N ratio was 20.3. Its plant height was 42.5 cm in sandy loam and 49.5 cm in loamy, respectively, approximately 20 cm longer than the sand and clay loam. The crimson clover in sandy loam and loam bloomed about seven days earlier than those in sand and clay loam. Regarding number of flower per hill and flower length, there were no difference among the soil textures. Dry weight of crimson clover for sandy loam and loam was $2.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ and $2.3Mg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, $0.8{\sim}1.1Mg\;ha^{-1}$ higher than that of sand and sandy loam. Plant height and dry weight of crimson clover increased with delaying harvest time. Nitrogen contribution in loam and clay loam was $51.3kg\;ha^{-1}$ and $53.5kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Therefore, in terms of flowering properties and dry weight, the proper soil texture for the growth and development of crimson clover was sandy loam and loam.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.660-665
• /
• 2017

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the effects of increasing levels of metabolizable protein (MP) on lactation performance and nitrogen (N) efficiencies in lactating dairy cows. Methods: Nine multiparous cows in mid lactation [$113{\pm}25$ days in milk] received three treatments in a $3{\times}3$ Latin square design with a period length of 21 days. The treatments were three diets, designed to provide similar energy and increasing supply of MP (g/d) (2,371 [low], 2,561 [medium], and 2,711 [high] with corresponding crude protein levels [%]) 15.2, 18.4, and 20.9, respectively. Results: Increasing MP supplies did not modify dry matter intake, however, it increased milk protein, fat, and lactose yield linearly. Similarly, fat corrected milk increased linearly (9.3%) due to an increase in both milk yield (5.2%) and milk fat content (7.8%). No effects were observed on milk protein and lactose contents across the treatments. Milk nitrogen efficiency (MNE) decreased from 0.26 to 0.20; whereas, the metabolic efficiency of MP decreased from 0.70 to 0.60 in low to high MP supplies, respectively. The concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increased linearly in response to increasing MP supplies. Conclusion: Increasing MP supplies resulted in increased milk protein yield; however, a higher BUN and low MNE indicated an efficient utilization of dietary protein at low MP supplies.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.703-711
• /
• 2009

Arabica coffee is classified for trading according to the New York Board of Trade(NYBOT) green coffee classification. NYBOT's grading system is based on classification derived from a defect count on a 300 g sample. In the present study, green and roasted coffees were investigated for possible correlations between the content of defective beans and sensory characteristics. Sensory evaluation was performed by expert tasters used by the Specialty Coffee Association of America(SCAA) cupping method. For green coffee, the percentage of defective beans increased. as the coffee grade decreased. Black and sour beans were not found in the NY2 grade coffee out of all natural, pulped natural, and washed coffee samples. Sour and insect damage were found in more natural coffee samples as the green coffee grade decreased. Green and broken beans were found in more washed coffee samples as the green coffee grade decreased. Flavor, clean, uniformity, aftertaste, and overall sensory characteristics were significantly different among the NY2, NY3/4 and NY4/5 grade coffee in all natural, pulped natural and washed coffee samples. The natural coffee in the NY2 sample presented the highest body characteristic. The pulped natural coffee in the NY2 sample presented the highest sweetness and balance characteristics. The washed coffee in the NY2 sample presented the highest acidity and flavor characteristics. In conclusion, the percentage of defective beans increased as sensory characteristics decreased.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.123-128
• /
• 2011

The notion that dental amalgam is a potential source of mercury exposure remains a controversial issue. However, there are few epidemiological analyses that have addressed whether this occurs in children. We aimed in our current study to identify the relationship between dental amalgam filling surfaces and the blood mercury levels in a cohort of 711 South Korean children aged between 8-9 years. Oral examinations were conducted to detect the number of amalgam filling surfaces on the teeth of these individuals. Blood samples were also taken from these children to assess the levels of mercury accumulation in the body. The amalgam filling surfaces were classified into four groups based on their number: 0 (n = 368), 1-5 (n = 219), 6-10 (n = 89), and 11+ (n = 35). The blood mercury levels in the children with more than 10 amalgam surfaces was 0.47 ${\mu}g$/L higher on average than those with no amalgam surfaces after adjusting for the frequency of fish or seafood consumption, age, and gender (P < 0.05). We found from our data that a higher number of dental amalgam fillings correlated with a higher blood mercury level in Korean children. Further studies are needed to investigate whether these elevated mercury levels exert neurotoxic or nephrotoxic effects.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.711-720
• /
• 2022

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate amount of eri silkworm pupae meal (Samia ricini) to add to the broiler diet. Methods: Two hundred 1-day-old male chicks with initial weight at 50.03±0.56 g/chick were divided into four groups (five replicates per group and ten chicks per replicate): a control group fed a corn-soybean diet and experimental groups supplemented with 5%, 10%, or 15% eri silkworm pupae meal. All experimental diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous and formulated respecting nutrient requirements. Growth performances were collected during the experimental period and other parameters were collected at the end of experiment when broilers reached thirty-eight days old. Results: A higher cold carcass weight and skin yellowness in the broilers fed 10% eri silkworm pupae meal compared with the other groups (p<0.05). Therefore, supplementation with 10% eri silkworm pupae meal is suggested for the broiler diet formulation because it did not cause any serious negative consequences on growth performance, health status, carcass characteristics and meat quality. However, the usage of eri silkworm pupae meal at 15% is not recommend because it led to negative outcomes Conclusion: The addition of eri silkworm pupae at 10% can be used as an alternative protein sources for broiler chickens which provided benefits on cold carcass weight and skin yellowness without adverse effects.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제8권6호
• /
• pp.711-722
• /
• 1998

본 연구는 혈액에서 분리되는 세균의 항균제 감수성 양상을 파악하기 위하여 1993년 10월 1일부터 1996년 9월 30일 사이에 K대학 부속병원의 입원 및 외래환자 13,595명을 대상으로 혈액배양에서 분리된 1,104균주중 716균주를 세균의 균종별, 연령별, 계절별 분리빈도와 항균제 감수성 검사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 최근 3년간 균분리 양성은 1,104명으로 8.1%의 양성률을 보였다. 연구대상 716균주의 균종별 분리빈도는 E. coli가 29.8% (213주)로 분리율이 가장 높았다. 2. 대부분의 균종은 50세, 60세군 및 2세 이하군에서 분리율이 높았고, S. typhi는 30세군에서 분리율이 높았다. 3. 계절별 분리율은 대부분의 균종이 여름철에 분리율이 높았고, E. coli는 계절에 관계없이 분리되었다. 4. 항균제 감수성은 그람양성 구균의 경우 penicillin계 항균제인penicillin-G에 E. faecalis를 제외한 균에서 높은 내성률을 보였으며, vancomycin과 teicoplanin에는 감수성이 높았다. 그람음성 간균은 amikacin, ciprofloxacin, 및 imipenem에는 감수성이 높았고, ampicillin에는 내성을 보였다. S. typhi는 cephalothin을 제외한 모든 항균제에 100%의 감수성이었다. 이상의 결과에서 균혈증 환자로부터 분리된 세균에는 penicillin계 항균제에 내성인 균주가 많으며 glycopeptide계 항균제와 amikacin, ciprofloxacin 및 imipenem에는 아직 내성이 낮다는 결론을 얻었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제43권5호
• /
• pp.705-711
• /
• 2014

피부미백 소재를 개발하기 위해 멜라닌 함량, 세포내 tyrosinase 활성의 측정 및 Western blotting 실험이 수행되었다. 백합(Lilium Oriental Hybrid 'Siberia') 뿌리의 80% 에탄올 추출물로부터 얻은 에틸아세테이트 분획물(R-EA)은 ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone(${\alpha}$-MSH)에 의해 멜라닌 생성이 유도된 B16/F10 흑색종 세포에서 농도 의존적으로 멜라닌 생성을 저해하였다. 정확하게 세포내 tyrosinase 활성과 멜라닌 함량은 에틸아세데이트 분획물 $100{\mu}g/mL$ 처리 시 ${\alpha}$-MSH 단독 처리군에 비해 각각 45%와 74%의 저해율을 보였다. ${\alpha}$-MSH에 의해 멜라닌 생성이 유도된 B16/F10 흑색종 세포에서 단백질 발현양상을 살펴본 결과 TRP-1이 가장 많이 억제된 양상을 확인할 수 있었고 이 결과는 세포내 tyrosinase 활성저해보다 멜라닌 생성저해가 더 많이 일어난 것과 일맥상통하는 것이다. 이를 종합해 볼 때 p-coumaric acid와 resveratrol 함량이 백합뿌리의 에탄올 추출물에 비해 많이 함유된 에틸아세테이트 분획물은 멜라닌 생성 유도물질에 의해 촉진된 ERK의 활성화를 억제하는 피부미백 소재로서 그 가치가 입증된다고 사료된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.705-711
• /
• 2013

비단백질 구성 아미노산인 gamma amino butyric acid(GABA)는 뇌에서 억제성 신경전달물질로 작용하며 혈압 저하, 신경 안정, 이뇨 작용 등에 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 김치로부터 두유에서 커드를 형성하는 40개 균주를 분리하였다. GABA 생산력이 높은 균주를 선별하기 위하여 분리된 균주들을 두유에 접종하여 $37^{\circ}C$에서 48시간동안 발효하였다. 분리된 균주들 가운데 발효두부에서 가장 높은 GABA 를 생산하는 383 균주는 API 분석과 16S rDNA sequence를 통하여L. sakei로 동정되었으며 L. sakei 383으로 명명하였다. L. sakei 383은 MRS 배지에서 $35^{\circ}C$, 24시간 배양할 때 가장 높은 생육을 나타내었으며 두유에 균을 접종하여 $35^{\circ}C$에서 18시간 발효 했을 때를 GABA 생산을 위한 최적 배양 조건으로 정하였으며 최대 GABA 함량은 8.65 mg/100 g이었다.