• 분석과학
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.443-449
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• 2003

붕산수에 대한 열중성자 (thermal neutron) 조사실험을 하나로를 이용하여 다음과 같은 세가지 조건에서 수행하였다: (A) $^{10}B$ 농도 = $203.0{\mu}g/mL$, 조사시간 = 1 시간; (B) $^{10}B$ 농도 = $381.4{\mu}g/mL$, 조사시간 = 1 시간; (C) $^{10}B$ 농도 = $381.4{\mu}g/mL$, 조사시간 = 0.5 시간. 열중성자 조사 시 발생하는 핵반응 [$^{10}B(n{\cdot}{\alpha})^7Li$]으로부터 생성된 $^7Li$의 양은 불꽃 없는 원자흡수분광분석법 (flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy)으로 측정하였다. (A), (B), (C) 실험에서 측정된 $^7Li$의 농도는 각각 0.18 (이론치 = 0.23), 0.31 (이론치 = 0.44), 0.16 (이론치 = 0.22) ${\mu}g/mL$로 이 값들은 각각 이론치의 78.3, 70.5, 71.6%에 해당한다 중성자 조사 후 붕산수의 pH는 조사 전의 값에 비하여 상당히 낮은 값을 보였다. 이는 물의 방사분해물의 영향으로 붕산수가 해리도가 큰 polyborate 형태로 전이되기 때문으로 판단된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 seed 물질을 첨가함으로써 struvite 결정핵의 생성 및 성장단계를 단축시키고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 seed 물질의 성상(모래, 안트라사이트, struvite)별, 입자의 크기(44$\sim$63 $\mu$m, 63$\sim$88 $\mu$m, 88$\sim$114 $\mu$m)별, 교반조건($G{\cdot}t_d$)에 따라 결정핵의 생성속도론에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 모래와 안트라사이트는 seeding 하지 않은 경우에 비하여 암모니아성 질소제거효율이 각각 9%, 11%로 향상되었으며, struvite로 seed한 경우는 암모니아성 질소제거효율은 20% 이상 향상되었다. Seeding에 따른 struvite 결정화 효율은 seed 입자의 비표면적과 밀접한 상관관계가 있다. Seed 물질입자의 비표면적이 클수록 struvite 핵생성 및 성장을 향상시켰다. 또한 struvite 결정화 반응시 동질의 seed 물질(struvite seeds)을 사용하여 2차 핵생성을 유도하면 struivte 결정의 핵생성 및 성장을 위한 $G{\cdot}t_d$값을 단축시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 고려한 입자크기에 대해서는 seed 입자크기에 대한 영향은 확인되지 않았다. Struvite 결정핵 생성속도론에서 $G{\cdot}t_d$값은 매우 중요한 인자로써 작용하였다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제30권
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• pp.4.1-4.11
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• 2015

Objectives: This survey was designed to conduct the first nationwide dietary exposure assessment on hazardous substances including the intakes of functional food and herbal medicine. In this paper, we introduced the survey design and the results of the dietary exposure status and internal exposure levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg). Methods: We selected 4867 subjects of all ages throughout Korea. We conducted a food survey, dietary survey, biomonitoring, and health survey. Results: Pb and Cd were the highest (median value) in the seaweed ($94.2{\mu}g/kg$ for Pb; $594{\mu}g/kg$ for Cd), and Hg was the highest in the fish ($46.4{\mu}g/kg$). The dietary exposure level (median value) of Pb was $0.14{\mu}g/kg$ body weight (bw)/d, $0.18{\mu}g/kg$ bw/d for Cd, and $0.07{\mu}g/kg$ bw/d for Hg. Those with a blood Pb level of less than $5.00{\mu}g/dL$ (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, reference value for those 1 to 5 years of age) were 99.0% of all the subjects. Those with a blood Cd level with less than $0.30{\mu}g/L$ (German Federal Environmental Agency, reference value for non-smoking children) were 24.5%. For those with a blood Hg level with less than $5.00{\mu}g/L$ (human biomonitoring I, references value for children and adults, German Federal Environmental Agency) was 81.0 % of all the subjects. Conclusions: The main dietary exposure of heavy metals occurs through food consumed in a large quantity and high frequency. The blood Hg level and dietary exposure level of Hg were both higher than those in the European Union.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.521-526
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• 2004

In order to evaluate the effect of blasting vibration in buildings and it's resident located around blasting construction field in urban area, blasting vibration characteristics were measured the vibration level, vibration velocity. The 250g and 750g of charged powder were used at the apartment and at the ground, respectively. In the measurement of the ground, Z(perpendicularity) axis was the highest value in vibration level, but vertical axis was the highest value at 25m point and longitudinal axis was the highest value at 50m point in vibration velocity. The amount of measurement was high value when measuring point is higher than blasting source, while that of measurement was low value when measuring point is lower than blasting source. In the measurement of the apartment, 2 axis was the highest value in vibration level, but in vibration velocity transverse axis was the highest value at ground, was vertical axis at 1st floor, was longitudinal axis at 3rd floor and was vertical and longitudinal axis at 5th floor. The vibration level and the vibration velocity of 50m point showed higher correlation value than 25m point at the ground, but those of 25m point showed higher correlation value than 50m point at the apartment.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.632-638
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• 2004

In order to evaluate the effect of blasting vibration in buildings and it's resident located around blasting construction field in urban area, blasting vibration characteristics were measured by the vibration level, vibration velocity. The 250g and 750g of charged powder were used at the apartment and at the ground, respectively. In the measurement of the ground, 2 (perpendicularity) axis was the highest value in vibration level, but vertical direction was the highest value at 25 m point and longitudinal direction was the highest value at 50 m point in vibration velocity. The amount of measurement was high value when measuring point is higher than blasting source, while that of measurement was low value when measuring point is lower than blasting source. In the measurement of the apartment, Z axis was the highest value in vibration level, but in vibration velocity transverse direction was the highest value at ground, was vertical direction at 1st floor, was longitudinal direction at 3rd floor and was vertical and longitudinal direction at 5th floor. The vibration level and the vibration velocity of 50 m point showed higher correlation value than 25 m point at the ground, but those of 25 m point showed higher correlation value than 50 m point at the apartment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.996-1002
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• 2003

A 6 (accession)${\times}$5 (cutting interval) factorial experiment was conducted over two years to investigate the effect of stage of growth on herbage production, nutritive value and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content of Napier grass and Napier grass${\times}$Pearl millet hybrids (hybrid Pennisetum). The purpose of the experiment was to determine the optimum stage of growth to harvest the Pennisetums for ensilage. Two Napier accessions (SDPP 8 and SDPP 19) and four hybrid Pennisetum (SDPN 3, SDPN 29, SDPN 38 and Bana grass) were compared at five harvest intervals (viz. 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks). Basal fertilizers were similar in all treatment plots, although nitrogen (N) top-dressing fertilizer was varied proportionately, depending on the harvesting interval. The application was based on a standard rate of 60 kg N/ha every six weeks. Stage of growth had significant effects on forage yield, WSC content and nutritive value of the Pennisetums. Herbage yields increased in a progressively linear manner, with age. Nutritive value declined as the harvesting interval increased. In particular, crude protein content declined rapidly (p<0.001) from $204g\;kg^{-1}$ DM at 2 weeks to $92g\;kg^{-1}$ DM at 8 weeks of growth. In vitro dry matter digestibility decreased from 728 to $636g\;kg^{-1}$ DM, whilst acid and neutral detergent fibre contents increased from 360 and 704 to 398 and $785g\;kg^{-1}$ DM, respectively. Rapid changes in nutritive value occurred after 6 weeks of growth. The concentration of WSC increased in a quadratic manner, with peaks ($136-182g\;kg^{-1}$ DM) at about 6 weeks. However, the DM content of the forage was low ($150-200g\;DM\;kg^{-1}$) at 6 weeks. Therefore, it was concluded that Pennisetums should be harvested between 6 and 7 weeks, to increase DM content and optimize herbage production without seriously affecting nutritive value and WSC content. Accessions SDPN 29 and SDPP 19 appeared to be most suited for ensilage. It was suggested that WSC content should be incorporated as a criterion in the agronomic evaluation and screening of Pennisetum varieties.

• 암석학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.237-250
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• 2005

ICP-MS로 화강암질 암석내 희토류원소의 함량 분석시 표준시료의 선택이 어느 정도 영향을 주는 지를 밝혀내기 위해, 상업용 표준시료(ACCU-standard, No. Cal-1), 화강암의 한국산 표준시료(KG-1), 미국산 표준시료(G-2), 일본산 표준시료(JC-1a, JC-2)를 각각 기준시료로 하여 각각의 희토류원소 함량을 측정하였다. 실험결과에 의하면, 경희토류(La-Gd) 분포도는 표준시료의 변화에 관계없이 대체적으로 추천값과 측정값 모두 일치하였다. 그러나 G-2 혹은 JG-2를 기준으로 측정했을 시, 다른 표준시료의 추천값과 측정값에 의한 중희토류(Gd-Lu)의 분포도는 많은 차이가 발생되었다. 이는 표준시료의 추천값의 오류 혹은 표준시료 암석의 지구화학적 특성에 기인된다. KG-1 혹은 JG-1a를 기준시료로 하여 희토류원소 함량을 측정했을 경우에는 G-2나 JG-2를 기준시료로 했을 때보다 추천값과 측정값에 의한 희토류원소의 분포도의 어긋남이 비교적 약한 편이다. 이는 국내 화강암류의 희토류원소 함량분석에 있어서의 표준시료로서 KG-1 혹은 JG-1a가 보다 더 유용함을 지시해준다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.127-136
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• 2017

Purpose: This study examined the effect of different gluten-free flours on the properties of cookies. Methods: Each gluten-free cookie was made from wheat, brown rice, buckwheat, corn, sorghum, teff, or black rice. Results: Baking loss was highest on sorghum (18.85%) and the lowest on teff (12.73%). The spread factor was highest on brown rice (8.20) and lowest on corn (7.60). The density was similar in all samples (1 g/mL). pH was the highest on buckwheat (6.45) and lowest on wheat (5.96). While L-value, a-value and b-value were lowest on black rice, the ${\Delta}E-value$ was the highest on black rice (35.57). The hardness was highest on wheat (30.28 N) and lowest on teff (14.87 N). The polyphenol and flavonoid content was the highest on buckwheat ($25.97{\mu}g\;GAE/mg$) and the flavonoid content was the highest on black rice ($24.33{\mu}g\;QE/mg$). The DPPH IC50 value was highest on wheat ($352.41{\mu}g/mL$) and lowest on black rice ($33.59{\mu}g/mL$). The ABTS $IC_{50}$ value was highest on wheat ($349.30{\mu}g/mL$) and lowest on black rice ($57.72{\mu}g/mL$). The results of the sensory properties revealed color to be highest on corn (7.33). The top grain was similar in all the samples (5.43-6.57). Flavor was highest on black rice and teff (6.43-6.48). The softness was the highest on wheat, sorghum, teff, and black rice (6.48-7.05). Sweetness was highest on sorghum, teff, and black rice (6.19-6.71). The overall preference also was highest on sorghum, teff, and black rice (6.14-6.48). Conclusion: Gluten-free flours can improve the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of cookies.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.737-744
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 우리의 전통한과인 유과의 제조공정별 이화학적 및 물리적특성 변화를 측정하였다. 찹쌀의 수침 중 단백질함량은 감소하였고 지방 및 회분은 큰 변화가 없었으며, 산도는 수침 전 0.05에서 수침 중 증가하여 2일에서 6일까지는 거의 직선적으로 빠르게 증가하다 8일 이후에는 0.8수준에 도달하였으며 pH는 수침초기 6.6에서 5일까지 비교적 빠르게 감소하다가 그 이후 4.3정도를 유지하였다. 입자크기는 수침시간이 증가함에 따라 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며 찹쌀의 전분손상도는 초기 5일까지는 서서히 증가하다가 6일 째부터 빠르게 증가하였고 8일 째부터는 다시 완만하게 증가하였다. 찹쌀을 수침 하는 동안 찹쌀수침액의 향기성분 주로 알콜 및 산으로 동정되었는데, 수침시간이 증가함에 따라 acetic acid와 butanoic acid가 현저하게 증가하였다. 찹쌀반죽물의 점탄성은 frequency가 증가함에 따라 $tan{\delta}$값이 증가하다가 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 반죽물을 증자한 후 실온에서 30분간 방치한 다음 특성을 살펴본 결과 고무성질이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 반대기 제조를 위해 반죽물을 절단하기 용이한 물성을 갖기 위한 적정 냉각온도를 측정한 결과 온도가 노화에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 반대기 수분함량이 유과의 색에 미치는 영향은 미미한 것으로 판단되었으며, 텍스쳐에 있어서는 수분함량이 높을수록 낮은 경도값을 나타내었고 팽화율에 있어서는 반대기 수분함량이 18% 부근에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 불린콩을 첨가하였을 때 유과바탕의 색도는 무첨가구 보다 적색도는 감소하고, 황색도는 증가하는 경향이었으며, 텍스쳐에 있어서는 경도가 감소하여 부드러운 조직감을 나타내었다.EX> 단독 투여군에서는 중심정맥과 동양혈관 주변에 갈색의 침전이 두드러지게 나타났으며 이러한 현상은 항산화비타민 혼합 투여군에서 유의하게 감소한 것으로 나타났다.서 $0.01{\sim}3.31\;g/g$ 혼합어육소시지에서 $0.05{\sim}0.10\;g/g$, 반건조소시지에서 $0.34{\sim}0.35\;g/g$이 각각 검출되었고, 나머지 품목에서는 모두 불검출이었다. 한편, ankaflavin의 경우 맛살에서만 $0.02{\sim}0.89\;g/g$이 검출되었으며, 나머지 품목에서는 모두 불검출이었다.gen synthase의 활성은 P군에 비해 POD군에서 높았고(P<0.05), Px 백서가 Sham 백서에 비해 낮았다(P<0.05). Px 백서의 quadriceps 근육내 중성지방 축적량이 Sham 백서에 비해 높았는데, P에 비해 POD를 공급하였을 때 중성지방의 축적양이 낮아졌다. 결론적으로 POD은 당뇨와 정상 백서에서 인슐린 저항성을 감소시킴을 알 수 있었고 이러한 인슐린 저항성의 감소 현상은 근육에서의 glycogen synthase 활성과 관련이 있을 것으로 생각되었다.로 높은 것으로 밝혀졌지만, 그 이상의 농도에서는 낮은 수치를 나타내었다 이상의 결과로 보아 수용성계에서 뿐 만 아니라, 비수용성계에서도 중금속 이온 존재 하에서의 AsA 자동산화반응에서의 $O_2\bar{{\bullet}}$ 생성이 시사되었다.pm, $230^{\circ}C$에서 5.56 ppm으로 점진적으로 감소하였다. 이는 nonanoic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid등이 고온가열에 의해 생성되었다

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 1991

For this experiment frist the fermented Soybean Meju was prepared by domestic ordinary method of Korean and concentrated Meju suspensoidal extract was made for toxicological test sample on mice and rat. Even the oral dose of 10g extract per kg of mice had not any acute toxicity. So the median lethal dose(LOD50) is lilely to be much greatr or not to be. In comparison of the average weight gain rate for 4 weeks the control and test groups of 0.308g Ex/rat kg and 9.24g Ex/rat kg daily were the much the same as about 19% but 3.08g Ex/rat kg group waas exceptionally 2.7% higher than control For this period all test groups did not show any abnormality in appearance and anatomic findings. In serum GPT GOT alkaline phosphatase and blood urea nitrogen value there were no difference significantly between control and the test groups of 0.308g/rat kg and 3.08g/rat kg but 9.24g/rat kg group was some what higher than control. Especially in cholesterol alkaline phosphatase and blood urea nitrogen value 9.24g/rat kg group or 28days had 100mg/이 37.5u 32mg/이 respectively which were increased significantly. The pathological findings of all test groups especially 9.24g/kg group did not showed any characterized sign of acute or subacute liver damage or intestine lesion. So it is supposed that there is not any tocixants originated from some molds in fermented Korean domestic Meju which is prepared traditionally in winter.