• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2005

The ministry of Environment, Korea, are designing the TMDL(Total Maximum daily Load) program far 4 major large rivers to improve water quality from possible pollutants. It can be successfully performed as controling of nonpoint pollutants from watershed area. Railway stations are stormwater intensive land use because of high imperviousness and high pollutant mass emissions from various activities. Especially the metal pollutants from the railway station were recognized as an important pollutants because of its toxicities. In order to characterize the washed-off pollutants. the monitoring were performed on a railway station during storms. Pollutant concentrations are exponentially decreasing during the storm duration. The 95％ confidence interval of pollutant concentrations in an hour storm duration ranges from 61.6 to 115.4mg/L for TSS(mean=88.50mg/L),103.8-244.1mg/L for COD(mean=174 mg/L) and 7.68-17.32mg/L for Oil & Grease(mean=12.5mg/L). The ranges of metals were 39.2-84.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L for total Cu(mean=61.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/L), 14.0-25.8$\mu\textrm{g}$/L for total Pb(mean=19.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/L) and 182.2-376.l $\mu\textrm{g}$/L for total Zn(mean=279.2$\mu\textrm{g}$/L). The first flush criteria for best management practices can be suggested to 50％ pollutant mass emissions during 30％ of the total flow.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.90-103
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• 1987

A study was conducted to measure nitrogen intake and excretion in young korean women on their normal diet and leading normal activity level. Dietary survey by food record, fecal and urinary samples were collected for 3 days in 19 healthy female college students in Korea. On one of the 3 days, duplicate of one-day diet was collected from each subjects. Mean daily intakes of energy and protein were calculated from food recorded. Duplicate diet samples and pooled fecal samples were analyzed for N content. Pooled urine samples were analyzed for total N, urea N, and creatinine content. Apparent N absorption, apparent N balance and urea N/creatinine N were calculated to evaluate protein nutritional status. The results obtained are summarized as following ; 1) Accordingly to food record, mean daily intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate and far were 1535.2 $\pm$53.78Kcal, 55.95$\pm$2.97g(total nitrogen 8.95$\pm$0.45g), 254.13$\pm$10.31g and 39.24$\pm$2.76 g, providing 14.6%, 66.2%, 19.2% of total energy respectively. 2) Nitrogen intake by chemical analysis was 7.16$\pm$0.31g/day (protein 44.75$\pm$1.94kg/day) providing 82.39$\pm$4.58% of nitrogen intake by food record. The difference of total nitrogen intake between food record and chemical analysis in diets was significant(p<0.05). 3) Mean daily fecal nitrogen excretion was 1.38$\pm$0.10g and then mean apparent digesbility of protein was 80.53$\pm$5.21%. 4) Mean daily urinary nitrogen excretion, urea N excretion and creatinine excretion were 6.03$\pm$0.30g, 4.52$\pm$0.22g, and 0.88$\pm$0.04g respectively. Urinary urea nitrogen was 75.2$\pm$1.38% of total urinary nitrogen excretion and urinary nitrogen was 85.4$\pm$3.56% of total nitrogen intake by chemical analysis. 5) Mean urea N/creatinine N ration was 14.01$\pm$0.77. 6) Mean nitrogen balance was -0.244$\pm$0.33g/day. From the above results, it is concluded that the subjects in this study seem to be in marginal protein nutritional status and therefore should increase dietary protein intake.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.256-261
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• 2004

In order to detect chitooligosaccharides (COS) in soybean paste, tandem immunoaffinity chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were developed. Polyclonal anti-chitooligosaccharides mixture (CaSM) antibody specific to COSM was attached to Sepharose gel for initial sample cleanup and concentration of COS in soybean paste. COS was eluted and quantified by competitive direct ELISA (cdELISA). Average ELISA recoveries from the column using binding buffer spiked with COSM at levels of 0.5, 2.0, 5.0, and $10.0\mu$g/ml were 79.8, 72.0, 77.7, and 60.6%, respectively, with a mean recovery of 72.5%. Mean inter-well and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CV) were 7.7% and 10.3%, respectively. Average recoveries from soybean paste spiked with COSM at levels of 2, 6, 20, and $60\mu$g/g were 115, 91.7, 91, and 73.3%, respectively, with a mean recovery of 92.8%. Mean inter-well and inter-assay CV were 12.9% and 16%, respectively. The COS was detected from 24 out of 25 homemade Korean soybean paste samples at an average of $14.0\mu$g/g (n, 25; range, $0-51.2 \mu$g/g) and from 13 out of 14 commercially made soybean paste samples at an average of $4.1\mu$g/g(n, 14; range, $0-18.4\mu$g/g). The tandem immunoaffinity chromatography-cdELISA that was developed in this study showed that the level of COS eluted from homemade soybean paste was higher than that of the commercially made ones. In addition, the level of COS eluted from commercially available soybean paste in Korea was higher than that of the ones in Japan.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 1974

The blood picture of 85 healthy race horses in Korea was investigated. The ranges and mean values of erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit value, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and total white blood cell count in the blood picture were determine. The respective mean value and standard deviation and age differences were as follows: 1. The erythrobyte count was shown as range of 6.20 to $11.32{\times}10^6/mm^3$ with mean of $8.61{\pm}1.92{\times}10^6/mm^3$(SD). The leucocyte count was shown as range 5.0 to $18.0{\times}10^3/mm^3$ with mean of $8.25{\pm}1.51{\times}10^3/mm^3$(SD). There were not significant. differences in age, 2. The mean value of hemoglobin was shown $13.9{\pm}1.7g/100ml(SD)$ ranging 9.8 to 16.8g/100ml. The mean value of hematocrit was shown $40.9{\pm}3.94ml/100ml(SD)$ ranging 26 to 54. There were not significant differences in age. 3. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin was shown as range of 11.8 to 22.2pg with mean of $16.9{\pm}4.69$(SD). The mean corpuscular volume was shown as range of 34.5 to $71.3cu{\mu}$ with mean of $49.0{\pm}7.32cu{\mu}$(SD). The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was shown as range of 30.6 to 39.4 g/100 ml with mean of $34.6{\pm}2.36$(SD). There were not significant differences in age. 4. The correlation among erythrocyte count, hemoglobin and hematocrit value were observed as follows: Erythrocyte count and hemoglobin (+0.328), rythrocyte count and hematocrit vague (+0.319). A linear regression equation was shown as follows: Erythrocyte count and hemoglobin (Y=0.336x+10.977), erythrocyte count and hematocrit value (Y=0.655x+35.274). 5. The high correlation between hemoglobin and hematocrit vague was observed (r= +0.836). A linear regression equation was shown: (Y=1.948x+13.895).

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.13-27
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• 2016

The characteristics of the rock cleavage inherent in Jurassic granite from Geochang were analysed. The phases of distribution of microcrack spacings were derived from the enlarged photomicrographs(${\times}6.7$) of the thin section. The evaluation for the six directions of rock cleavages was performed using nine parameters such as (1) frequency of microcrack spacing(N), (2) frequency ratio(${\leq}1mm$ and 4 mm >) to total spacing frequency(N:191), (3) spacing ratio(${\leq}1mm$) to total spacing(118.49 mm), (4) mean spacing($S_{mean}$), (5) difference value($S_{mean}-S_{median}$) between mean spacing and median spacing($S_{median}$), (6) density of spacing, (7) median spacing, (8) reduction ratio of spacing frequency to length frequency and (9) magnitude of exponent(${\lambda}$ and b) related to the distribution type of diagram. Especially the close dependence between the above spacing parameters and the parameters from the spacing-cumulative frequency diagrams was derived. The results of correlation analysis between the values of parameters for three rock cleavages and those for three planes are as follows. The values of (I) parameters(1, 2 and 3), (II) parameters(4, 5 and 6), (III) parameter(7), (IV) parameter(8) and (V) parameter(9) show the various orders of H(hardway, H1+H2) < G(grain, G1+G2) < R(rift, R1+R2), R < G < H, R < H < G, G < H < R and H < G < R, respectively. On the contrary, the values of the above four groups(I~IV) of parameters for three planes show reverse orders. This type of correlation analysis is useful for discriminating three quarrying planes. Six spacing-cumulative frequency diagrams were arranged in increasing order on the value of main parameter($S_{mean}-S_{median}$). These diagrams show an order of R2 < R1 < G2 < G1 < H2 < H1 from the related chart. In other words, the above six diagrams can be summarized in order of rift(R1+R2) < grain(G1+G2) < hardway(H1+H2). These results indicate a relative magnitude of rock cleavage related to microcrack spacing. Especially, the above main parameter could provide advanced information for prediction the order of arrangement among the diagrams.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.923-935
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• 2023

In this paper, we will discuss existence of solution of square-mean pseudo almost automorphic solution for fractional stochastic evolution equations driven by G-Brownian motion which is given as ^c₀D^𝛼_𝜌 Ψ_𝜌 = 𝒜(𝜌)Ψ_𝜌d𝜌 + 𝚽(𝜌, Ψ_𝜌)d𝜌 + ϒ(𝜌, Ψ_𝜌)d ⟨ℵ⟩_𝜌 + χ(𝜌, Ψ_𝜌)dℵ_𝜌, 𝜌 ∈ R. Furthermore, we also prove that solution of the above equation is unique by using Lipschitz conditions and Cauchy-Schwartz inequality. Moreover, examples demonstrate the validity of the obtained main result and we obtain the solution for an equation, and proved that this solution is unique.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.27 no.3_4
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• pp.909-913
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• 2009

For a family of graphs $\mathcal{H}$ and an integer k, we denote by $R^k(\mathcal{H})$ the corresponding k-Ramsey number, which is defined to be the smallest integer n such that every k-coloring of the edges of $K_n$ contains a monochromatic copy of a graph in $\mathcal{H}$. The local k-Ramsey number $R^k_{loc}(\mathcal{H})$ and the mean k-Ramsey number $R^k_{mean}(\mathcal{H})$ are defined analogously. Let $\mathcal{G}$ be the family of non-bipartite graphs and $T_n$ be the family of all trees on n vertices. In this paper we prove that $R^k_{loc}(\mathcal{G})=R^k_{mean}(\mathcal{G})$, and $R^2(T_n)$ < $R^2_{loc}(T_n)4 = $R^2_{mean}(T_n)$ for all $n\;{\ge}\;3$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.233-244
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• 1997

In order to investigate the concentration of trace metals in human hairs from residents living in urban area and rural area, the 120 hair samples of adults were taken from urban areas(industrial area, bus terminal, downtown area) and rural area(Kasan-ri, Yeoju-up, Yeoju-goon) during July - September 1995. Mean concentrations of trace metals including lead and cadmium in human hair were compared by region, sex, presence of smoker, type of water, period of residence. The results were as follows; 1. The average concentrations of lead and cadmium in hairs of urban area are $0.92{\mu}g/g$ ($1.01{\mu}g/g$ industrial area, $1.01{\mu}g/g$ bus terminal, $0.74{\mu}g/g$ downtown area), $0.38{\mu}g/g$ ($0.54{\mu}g/g$ industrial area, $0.49{\mu}g/g$ bus terminal, $0.12{\mu}g/g$ downtown area). The mean concentrations of lead and cadmium in urban area are higher than the corresponding levels in the rural area. 2. Lead concentration for male in the urban and rural area is 0.94 and $0.62{\mu}g/g$, 0.90 and $0.60{\mu}g/g$ for female. But, It does not have any statistical significance. Cadmium concentration for male in the urban and rural area is 0.38 and $0.12{\mu}g/g$, 0.38 and $0.11{\mu}g/g$ for female. But It does not have any statistical significance. 3. Mean concentrations of lead and cadmium in smokers shows higher than non-smokers. It showed that the longer period of residence in urban area, the higher concentrations of three metals.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.422-431
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• 2003

The use of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO), a stimulator of erythropoiesis, banned in sports because of the medical risk associated with thrombosis. Due to analytical difficulties to differentiate between natural human EPO (hEPO) and rhEPO, blood parameters of erythropoiesis such as contents of hemoglobin (cut-off value <17.5 g/d l for man, and < 16.0 g/dl for women), hematocrit and reticulocytes (cut-off value <2.0%) were measured to focus the misuse of rhEPO. We conducted anti-doping test for 122 blood samples of the World Cup athletes. The mean values of key parameters are as follows; 14.5$\pm$1.0 g/dl for hemoglobin, 41.7$\pm$2.8% for hematocrit, and 1.3$\pm$0.4% for reticulocyte. Blood sample was found to be stable up to 8 hours for the reticulocyte measurement. In addition, the soluble transferrin receptor and ferritin levels were measured by immunoassay methods using plasma samples (n=28) in which the mean value was 0.8$\pm$0.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ and 54.6$\pm$33.7 ng/$m\ell$, respectively. The results indicate that all samples tested were negative for the blood parameters of indirect anti-doping test for hEPO misuse. The statistical evaluation suggest that several other parameters such as red blood cell, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and white blood cell could be considered as factors influencing hEPO function in addition to five parameters mentioned.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.227-233
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• 2007

The amount of Batillus cornutus captured in Jeju Island was about 2,000 tons/year for three years after 2000. The mean size of B. cornutus by shell height was 7.7 cm in 2001, 7.9 cm in 2002, and 8.1 cm in 2003. Local mean size of B. cornutus by shell height was 8.7 cm in eastern waters, 7.4 cm in western waters, 7.8 cm in southern waters, and 7.7 cm in northern waters of Jeju Island. To investigate the effect of the growth pattern, an experiment was conducted: the samples were tagged and released in southern coastal waters of Jeju Island on 2nd April (a release test) and 29th October (a recapture test) in 2003. The release stations were two sites, natural reef and artificial reef, where their environmental conditions were different from each other. In April, the size of B. cornutus released in the natural reef was 6.2 cm in mean shell height, and 58.9 g in mean shell weight. The size of B. cornutus released in the artificial reef was 6.6 cm in mean shell height, and 65.9 g in mean shell weight. During the release period, most of B. cornutus were not moved much (less than 10 m) from the original release sites. When B. cornutus was recaptured in October after 7 months, the size of B. cornutus released in the natural reef became 7.4 cm in mean shell height, and 89.4 g in mean shell weight. The size of B. cornutus released in the artificial reef became 7.2 cm in mean shell height, and 84.9 g in mean shell weight. This indicates that the growth rate of B. cornutus released in the natural reef was higher than that of B. cornutus in the artificial reef. These differences in the growth of B. cornutus between study sites were ascribed to the abundance of marine algae grazed by immobile B. cornutus. Namely, with relatively high growth rate of B. cornutus in the natural reef, the number of species (23 species) and biomass (26,703.4 g) of algae were more diverse and abundant than those (7 species and 17,018.4 g) of algae in the artificial reef. The growth of B. cornutus in the natural reef was also correlated to high water temperature $(15.5-25.9^{\circ}C)$.