• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.179-186
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• 2009

This paper proposes a target speech extraction which restores speech signal of a target speaker form noisy convolutive mixture of speech and an interference source. We assume that the target speaker is known and his/her utterances are available in the training time. Incorporating the additional information extracted from the training utterances into the separation, we combine convolutive blind source separation(CBSS) and non-negative decomposition techniques, e.g., probabilistic latent variable model. The nonnegative decomposition is used to learn a set of bases from the spectrogram of the training utterances, where the bases represent the spectral information corresponding to the target speaker. Based on the learned spectral bases, our method provides two postprocessing steps for CBSS. Channel selection step finds a desirable output channel from CBSS, which dominantly contains the target speech. Reconstruct step recovers the original spectrogram of the target speech from the selected output channel so that the remained interference source and background noise are suppressed. Experimental results show that our method substantially improves the separation results of CBSS and, as a result, successfully recovers the target speech.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.23 no.2 s.54
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• pp.115-121
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• 1999

Effects of single and repeated administration of various nootropic candidates were examined on impaired acquisition by single oral administration of 3 g/kg ethanol (EtOH) in step through test. The inhibitory effect of EtOH on acquisition was significantly reduced by single picrotoxin, but not affected by diazepam, acetyl-L-carnitine and apomorphine. Single or repeated red ginseng total saponin and deprenyl, single piracetam, repeated N-methyl-D-glucamine, but not single or repeated protopanaxadiol, protopanaxatriol and centrophenoxine significantly ameliorated the impairment of acquisition by EtOH. On the other hand, the inhibitory effect of repeated red ginseng total saponin but not that of repeated N-methyl-D-Glucamine, was significantly blocked by pretreatment of $\alpha$-methyl-$\rho$-tyrosine, a inhibitor of catecholamine synthesis. Whereas, the inhibitory effect of repeated deprenyl on EtOH amnesia was exaggerated by $\alpha$-methyl-$\rho$-tyrosine. These results suggest that the amelioration processes of drugs on ethanol amnesia involve complex mechanism between the central GABAergic and dopaminergic neuronal activity in memory and learning, although the effects of repeated drugs administration are not yet clear.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.383-389
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• 2004

This paper proposes a method to provide intelligence for characters in fighting action games by using a neural network. Each action takes several time units in general fighting action games. Thus the results of a character's action are not exposed immediately but some time units later. To design a suitable neural network for such characters, it is very important to decide when the neural network is taught and which values are used to teach the neural network. The fitness of a character's action is determined according to the scores. For learning, the decision causing the score is identified, and then the neural network is taught by using the score change, the previous input and output values which were applied when the decision was fixed. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, many experiments are executed on a simple action game (but very similar to the actual fighting action games) environment. The results show that the intelligent character trained by the proposed algorithm outperforms random characters by 3.6 times at most. Thus we can conclude that the intelligent character properly reacts against the action of the opponent. The proposed method can be applied to various games in which characters confront each other, e.g. massively multiple online games.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.103-110
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• 2010

TPR(Total Physical Response) is a new representative learning method for children's education. Today's approach to TPR has focused on signals from a user which becomes input data in a human-computer interaction, but the accuracy of sensing from body signals(e. g. motion and voice) isn't so perfect that it seems difficult to apply on an education system. To overcome these limits, we suggest a mediating interface device which can detect the user's motion using correct numerical values such as acceleration and angular speed. In addition, we suggest new design requirements for the mediating device through analyzing children's behavior as human factors by ethnography research and protocol analysis. As a result, we found that; children are unskilled in physical control when they use objects; tend to lean on an object unconsciously with touch. Also their behaviors are restricted, when they use objects. Therefore a mediating device should satisfy new design requirements which are make up for unskilled handling, support familiar and natural physical activity.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.179-194
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to find out how the reconstructed textbook for vocational high school students influences on students' scholastic achievement and affective domain when it is used in the class of vocational high school. To tackle the study problems, the researcher chose two classes of the first grade in G commercial high school and gave lessons to each of the two classes; one class, as an experimental group, was taught with the reconstructed textbook and the other, as a comparative group, was taught with the original textbook. The following results are derived from the study. First, it turned out in the post academic achievement test result, there is no significant difference between the experimental group and the comparison group, by significant level; .05. However, the prior academic achievement test result shows that the average of the comparison group is 0.44 points higher than the average of the experimental group, while the post test result shows that the average of the experimental group is 1.96 points higher than the average of the comparison group. Second, it turned out by the post affective domain test result, there is no significant difference between the experimental group and the comparison group, by significant level; .05, and any significant difference did not occur in all five areas. However, the whole point of the affective domain and the points of each area of experimental group are higher than those of the comparison group, and the degree of improvement in experimental group is also greater than that of the comparison group. In conclusion, the effectiveness of utilizing a reconstructed textbook in vocational high school math class can be expected in the long term.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.22
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• pp.159-176
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• 1994

This study's purpose is to find the ancient costume of the folk song's words on Dunhuang manuscripts in the background wass-carvings sculptures and several art works. Dunhuang had played the part of major route between ancient China and Europe. It is located on kam-suksong the west of China. 1. In the aspect of costume arrangement hair Styling is represented by Naegagyo, Wangyesa, Kyongburak, Bonkwyun, Pogurak, Chonsonja, Namgaja, Tongson-ga, Ojesa, Chanboja in Dunhuang manuscripts. tugue is sim-ilar to Sabyokkwanja in Naegagyo as of that time these kinds of Kwan-ja was very popular. It was told that emperor's wife concubine and maid of honor would wear kwnaja favorably. And the kinds of Tugeu is PuyongKwyunkye, Aangunkye, Chunkye from Kyuwanjon except Sangunkye, Ounkye in Dunhuangsa. 2. Jangdaegy is guoted from Kyuw-anjon -A series of the chinese history book-tells us about women's make-up . The narmes of make-up are Hongjang Unjan--g, Yiljang chwejang, Tam-ajang Murgjang, Sanagjang, Light-make up are referred in Naegagyo is included as packjang Besides we can find other make-up skills Huphwaro and Rujang from the Kaewonch onbon-wisa which was Yangkwibi's episodes. We can find the a corpus of song's words about cosmetic custom in Kor-ea. Which is 'Haecho' folk song in the souther-en costal regions 'Jinggum' folk song in Kim-hae regions and so on.... It's words is similar to Dunhuangsa in China. 3. Bichun inherited to China with India Bud-dism art in the middle of Dunhuang wall-pain-tings is one of the important Buddist saint. Sometimes it is painted with Giakchun Its arms of fly-dnacing in heaven with colored belt on body has almost the form of play on the musical instrument, We can see seasily the form in the painting of Buddist ser-mon. It was progressed and changed with the background of chinese traditional culture. When Dang's period came the color was chan-ged lighting dark blue has rhythmical and viv-id power of life. 4. Among the corpus of song's words which express the singers' system and rites of their tradition or habits. Dunhuang manuscripts des-cribes on behalf of the folk song's words in tra-ditional costume. This is following: (1) Naegagyo o sabyokwanja o Chyrasam o Rashang (2) Wangyesa o Sokryugun o Costume for fisher man (3) Bungajang of the chanboja o Ajang (4) Pongkwyun o Chongui (5) Tongsongs o Junofore (6) Namgaja o thin-Rasam (7) Yuchungnang o Hongsam o Sokryugun : The color of red costume (8) Kyongburak o Hongrasam o Sokryugun : Costume for charming woman Therefore traditional costume could be extracted according to the Dunhuang folk song's words out of culture such as learning rit-es three-obedience four-virtues and in-struction. As the same time it reflects ancient China's characteristics directly. I would endeavor to development for the history of the costume furher creative design and participat-ed in research activity with concerns forward continuously.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.211-225
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to develop the E-STEAM program emphasizing the engineering design process and apply them to young children to examine their effects on scientific problem-solving ability and communication ability. In order to develop the E-STEAM program, activities were organized by reviewing previous studies and websites related to STEAM and engineering education. The organized activities were selected as final activities after consulting with experts. To examine the effectiveness of the program, 50 subjects(experimental group: 25, control group:25) participated in K kindergarten in G city. The experimental group took part in the E-STEAM activities during 7 weeks, while the control group took part in the traditional science activities. The procedure for this study consisted of a pre-study, a pre-test, the treatment, and a post-test schedule. The results of this study were as follows: First, the experimental group showed significantly higher score than the control group in total problem-solving ability. Second, the experimental group showed significantly higher score than the control group in total communication ability. These findings suggest that the experience of E-STEAM activities for young children can be effective teaching-learning methods for young children's problem solving ability and communication ability.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.239-242
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• 1996

본 논문에서는 BP(Back Propagation)에 비해서 빠른 학습시간과 다른 경쟁학습 신경회로망 알고리즘에 비해서 비교적 우수한 성능으로 패턴인식 등에 많이 이용되고 있는 LVQ(Learning Vector Quantization) 알고리즘의 성능을 향상시키기 위한 방법을 논의하고자 한다. 일반적으로 LVQ는 음(negative)의 학습을 하기 때문에 초기 가중치가 제대로 설정되지 않으면 발산할 수 있다는 단점이 있으며, 경쟁학습 계열의 신경망이기 때문에 출력 층의 뉴런 수에 따라 성능에 큰 영향을 받는다고 알려져 있다.[1]. 지도학습 형태를 지닌 LVQ의 경우에 학습패턴이 n개의 클래스를 가지고, 각 클래스 별로 학습패턴의 수가 같은 경우에 일반적으로 전체 출력뉴런에 대해서 (출력뉴런수/n)개의 뉴런을 각 클래스의 목표(desired) 클러스터로 할당하여 학습을 수행하는데, 본 논문에서는 각 클래스에 동일한 수의 출력뉴런을 할당하지 않고, 학습데이터에서 각 클래스의 분산을 추정하여 각 클래스의 분산을 추정분산에 비례하게 목표 출력뉴런을 할당하고, 초기 가중치도 추정분산에 비례하게 각 클래스의 초기 임의 위치 입력백터를 사용하여 학습을 수행하는 방법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법은 분류하고자 하는 데이터에 대해서 필요한 최적의 출력뉴런 수를 찾는 것이 아니라 이미 결정되어 있는 출력뉴런 수에 대해서 각 클래스에 할당할 출력 뉴런 수를 데이터의 추정분산에 의해서 결정하는 것으로, 추정분산이 크면 상대적으로 많은 출력 뉴런을 할당하고 작으면 상대적으로 적은 출력뉴런을 할당하고 초기 가중치도 마찬가지 방법으로 결정하며, 이렇게 하면 정해진 출력뉴런 개수 안에서 각 클래스 별로 분류의 어려움에 따라서 출력뉴런을 할당하기 때문에 미학습 뉴런이 줄어들게 되어 성능의 향상을 기대할 수 있으며, 실험적으로 제안된 방법이 더 나은 성능을 보임을 확인했다.initially they expected a more practical program about planting than programs that teach community design. Many people are active in their own towns to create better environments and communities. The network system "Alpha Green-Net" is functional to support graduates of the course. In the future these educational programs for citizens will becomes very important. Other cities are starting to have their own progrms, but they are still very short term. "Alpha Green-Net" is in the process of growing. Many members are very keen to develop their own abilities. In the future these NPOs should become independent. To help these NPOs become independent and active the educational programs should consider and teach about how to do this more in the future.단하였는데 그 결과, 좌측 촉각엽에서 제4형의 신경연접이 퇴행성 변화를 나타내었다. 그러므로 촉각의 지각신경세포는 뇌의 같은 족 촉각엽에 뻗어와 제4형 신경연접을 형성한다고 결론되었다.$/ 값이 210 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$로서 효과적인 저해 활성을 나타내었다 따라서, 본 연구에서 빈

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.738-742
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• 2005

This study was designed to investigate the anti-dementia effects of acorn (Quercus acutissima CARR.) in brain of the mouse. Dementia model was induced by administration of scopolamin (30 mg/kg BW) Male ICR mouse $(30{\pm}2g\;BW)$ were fed basal diet (control group), and experimental diets (AP-5 and AP-10 groups) added $5\%\;and\;10\%$ of dried acorn powder to basal diet for 8 months. Acetylcholine content significantly increase in AP-5 and AP-10 groups ($4.2\%\;and\;11.3\%$, respectively) compared with control group. Acetylcholinesterase activities were significantly inhibited ($13.5\%\;and\;17.6\%$, respectively) in brain of AP-5 and AP-10 groups. Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) activities were significantly inhibited ($10.0\%\;and\;12.7\%$, respectively) in brain of AP-S and AP-10 groups. These results suggest that acorn (Q. acutissima CARR.) may play an effective role in an attenuating various age-related changes such as dementia including learning and memory impairments in brain.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.187-198
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of Daekumeumja herb-acupuncture on neural cell proliferation and nitric oxide synthase(NOS) expression in hippocampus of ethanol-intoxicated Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats. Methods : SD rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups ; the normal group, the alcohol-treated(control) group, the alcohol- and 1 mg/kg Daekumeumja- treated(sample A) group, the alcohol- and 5mg/kg Daekumeumja-treated (sample B) group, the alcohol- and 10 mg/kg Daekumeumja-treated (sample C) group(n = 6 in each group). Normal group were received with Saline, while control group were injected intraperitoneally with alcohol(2 g/kg) once per day for 5 days. Sample groups were treated Daekumeumja herb-acupuncture on Chungwan(CV12) for 5 consecutive days. Bromo-deoxyuridine(BrdU) was injected into all animals once per day for 5 days. For the detection of BrdU-positive cells and NADPH-d- positive cells in hippocampus, immunohistochemistry was performed. Results : 1. In the dentate gyrus area, the number of BrdU-positive cells in the sample $B(278.08{\pm}6.46)$, $C(331.33{\pm}16.68)$ groups was significantly(p<0.05) increased compared with the control group. 2. In the dentate gyrus area, the number of NADPH-d-positive cells in the sample $C(86.50{\pm}10.02)$ groups was significantly(p<0.05) increased compared with the control group. 3. In the CAI area, the number of NADPH-d-positive cells in the sample $A(63.90{\pm}2.69)$, $B(75.70{\pm}3.01)$, $C(97.70{\pm}4.06)$ groups was significantly(p<0.05) increased compared with the control group. 4. In the CA 2-3 area, the number of NADPH-d-positive cells in the sample $B(30.20{\pm}1.89)$, $C(62.70{\pm}2.08)$ groups was significantly(p<0.05) increased compared with the control group. Conclusion : These results indicate that, neural cell proliferation and NOS expression in hippocampus was reduced in ethanol-intoxicated group. Treatment of Daekumeumja herb-acupuncture increased this diminution. Daekumeumja could be able to effect on the prevention of the amnesia and learning disability in alcoholism.