• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.1860-1870
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• 2022

Objective: The observation that temperate C₃ and tropical C₄ forage silages easily produce large amounts of ethanol or acetic acid has puzzled researchers for many years. Hence, this study aimed to assess the effects of epiphytic microbiota from C₃ forages (Italian ryegrass and oat) on fermentative products and bacterial community structure in C₄ forage (sorghum) silage. Methods: Through microbiota transplantation and γ-ray irradiation sterilization, the irradiated sorghum was treated: i) sterile distilled water (STSG); ii) epiphytic microbiota from sorghum (SGSG); iii) epiphytic microbiota from Italian ryegrass (SGIR); iv) epiphytic microbiota from oat (SGOT). Results: After 60 days, all the treated groups had high lactic acid (>63.0 g/kg dry matter [DM]) contents and low pH values (<3.70), acetic acid (<14.0 g/kg DM) and ammonia nitrogen (<80.0 g/kg total nitrogen) contents. Notably, SGIR (59.8 g/kg DM) and SGOT (77.6 g/kg DM) had significantly (p<0.05) higher ethanol concentrations than SGSG (14.2 g/kg DM) on day 60. After 60 days, Lactobacillus were predominant genus in three treated groups. Higher proportions of Chishuiella (12.9%) and Chryseobacterium (7.33%) were first found in silages. The ethanol contents had a positive correlation (p<0.05) with the abundances of Chishuiella, Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, Chryseobacterium, and Sphingobacterium. Conclusion: The epiphytic bacteria on raw materials played important roles in influencing the silage fermentation products between temperate C₃ and tropical C₄ forages. The quantity and activity of hetero-fermentative Lactobacillus, Chishuiella, Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, Chryseobacterium, and Sphingobacterium may be the key factors for the higher ethanol contents and DM loss in silages.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.338-342
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• 2015

검정콩 안토시아닌 고함유 유전자원 선발을 위해 총 1,032점의 유전자원을 개화기, 수확기, 등숙일수에 따른 안토시아닌 함량을 분석하였다. 수집된 유전자원의 총 안토시아닌 함량은 평균 11.67 mg/g이었고 범위는 0.54~23.45 mg/g으로 나타났다. 종류별로는 C3G가 평균 8.81 mg/g으로 비중이 가장 컸으며 그 다음이 D3G가 평균 1.78 mg/g이었고 Pt3G가 평균 0.79 mg/g으로 가장 적었다. 총 안토시아닌 함량별 검정콩 유전자원 분포는 10~15 mg/g 범위가 371점으로 가장 많았고 20 mg/g이상인 유전자원은 30점이었다. 생식생장기 동안 생육시기에 따른 안토시아닌 함량은 개화기와 수확기가 늦어질수록 높아지는 경향이었다. 따라서 등숙일수가 길수록 검정콩의 안토시아닌 함량은 높아진다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이밖에도 종실중이 큰 대립종이 소립종에 비해 안토시아닌 함량이 높은 경향이었다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2008

참외 재배시설에서 시설 내부 필름 표면에 결로현상으로 부착된 수적량과 시설 외부 필름 표면에 부착된 분진 부착량이 적었던 PO-2에서 투광률이 71.2%로 가장 높았다. 겨울철 시설 터널에서 온도가 가장 낮은 새벽 시간의 기온은 노지보다 $11.8{\sim}14.5^{\circ}C$ 정도 높게 나타났으며, 피복자재에 따라서는 최고 $2.7^{\circ}C$차이가 났는데 PO-2에서 가장 높았다. 지온은 터널이 노지보다 $13.0{\sim}15.3^{\circ}C$ 정도 높았으며, PO-2에서 가장 높아 PE보다 $2.3^{\circ}C$ 높았다. 참외 과실 전체에서 엽산을 분석한 결과 엽산함량은 품종에 따라 $68.9{\sim}113.4{\mu}g/100g$ 정도로 나타났다. 저온기에 참외 과육에서 $45{\sim}53{\mu}g/100g$ 정도로 나타났으며, 보온성과 광환경이 우수한 PO-2에서 PE보다 17% 정도 높은 수준을 보였다. 그러나 외기 온도가 $15^{\circ}C$ 이상 확보된 시기에는 $55.2{\sim}75.2{\mu}g/100g$ 정도로 나타났으며, PO-2에서 PE보다 과육에서 36% 높은 수준을 보였다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.225-231
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• 1994

This study was intended to observe the effect of cooked glutinous rice flour and soused shrimp on the fermentation of Kimchi samples were fermented for 11 days at 10$^{\circ}C$ after they were previously fermented for 6 hours at 20$^{\circ}C$. Changes of pH, total acidity, salt content, reducing sugar content, free amino acid content, total vitamin C content, and ascorbic acid content were measured. The results were as follows; 1. Soused shrimp and glutinous rice flour added in Kimchi acted as lactobacilli growth enhancer during fermentation. 2. Initial cincentrations of redng sugars in Kimch samples with no soused shrimp, 5% and 10% sosed shrimp were 7.5~8.3 mg/g, 3.0~4.7 mg/g and 0.5~0.6 mg/g respectively. Kinchi samples with glutinous rice flour showed higher reducing sugar contents than Kimchi samples without it. 3. Free amino acid contents in Kimchi samples gradually decreased during fermentation at 10$^{\circ}C$. According to their soused shrimp concentration, contents of free amino acid of Kimchi samples were significantly different. And Kimchi samples with glutinous rice flour showed lower free amino acid contents than Kimchi samples without it. 4. Total vitamin C contentrations of Kimchi samples were 24.5~28.0 mg% at the initial stage of fermentation and 15.0~19.2 mg% at the final stage of fermentation. During the fermentation of Kimchi, the higher soused shrimp concentration, the less total vitamin C contents were remained. 5. During the fermentation, ascorbic acid contents of Kimchi samples were not affected by soused shrimp and glutinous rice flour.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.771-786
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• 2021

This study was performed to investigate the contents of fat-soluble nutrients (tocopherols, retinol, carotenoids, fatty acids, and cholesterol) and phospholipids (PLs) in seven types (imported SPA, SPS, SFS, and SSI; and domestic MLM, MPM, and NIX) of commercial infant formulas (IFs). The contents of tocopherol and retinol activity equivalent (RAE) in the seven IFs were 1.42 - 3.86 mg α-TE·100 kcal^-1 and 64.90 - 144.95 ㎍ RAE·100 kcal^-1, respectively. The imported IFs contained high contents of lutein + zeaxanthin (29.68 - 32.49 ㎍·100 g^-1) and lycopene (71.80 - 93.28 ㎍·100 g^-1), while the domestic IFs did not contain lycopene. The contents of linoleic acid (C18:2) and α-linolenic acid (C18:3) in the seven IFs were also within the recommended ranges (C18:2, 300 - 1,400 mg·100 kcal^-1 and C18:3, over 50 mg·100 kcal^-1) of Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. The ratio of arachidonic acid (ARA, C20:4)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6) was 2.42 - 2.74 in the imported IFs and 0.96 - 1.08 in the domestic IFs. However, the DHA content of the domestic IFs (0.37 - 0.65 g·100 g^-1 fat%) was much higher than that of the imported IFs (0.16 - 0.18%). Total PL contents were 108.02 - 135.93 mg·100 kcal^-1 for the domestic IFs and 6.05 - 66.70 mg·100 kcal^-1 for the imported IFs. The main PLs of the domestic IFs were phosphatidyl choline (48.5 - 71.1% of total PLs), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (12.8 - 23.1%), phosphatidyl serine (7.0 - 11.6%), and sphingomyelin (4.3 - 21.5%).

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2007

옥수수유를 $175{\pm}5^{\circ}C$에서 가열처리(15회)하여 가열 전과 트랜스지방산의 함량변화를 살펴본 결과, 0.292 g/100g에서 2.585 g/100g로 2.293 g/100g의 증가를 보였다. 15회 한 옥수수유를 방치(150일) 한 후 트랜스지방산의 함량변화를 살펴본 결과, 2.585 g/100g에서 3.683 g/100g로 1.098 g/100g의 증가를 나타냈고 1회 섭취하는 총 트랜스지방산의 함량(tFAs(g)/Serving size)은 0.01 g에서 0.18 g으로 0.17 g의 섭취량 증가를 나타냈다. 트랜스지방산의 이성체별 함량변화를 살펴보면, C18:2t, C18:3t보다 C18:1t가 가열횟수가 증가할수록 큰 폭으로 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2012

The biochemical composition of muscle from three deep-sea animals, Tanaka's eelpout Lycodes tanakae magistrate armhook squid Berryteuthis magister, and ocean sunfish Mola mola caught in the East sea in South Korea was determined. The moisture (81.4-93.8 g/100 g), crude protein (5.0-15.6 g/100 g), crude lipid (0.1-1.5 g/100 g), and ash (1.0-1.1 g/100 g) contents of the two fishes were analyzed. The proximate composition of magistrate armhook squid was: moisture 84.0 g/100 g, crude protein 12.4 g/100 g, crude lipid 0.7 g/100 g, and ash 1.5 g/100 g. There was little difference in the proximate compositions of the three animals. The total amino acid contents of Tanaka's eelpout, magistrate armhook squid, and ocean sunfish were 14.64, 10.75, 3.10-9.95 g/100 g, respectively. High levels of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, leucine, and arginine were found, while low levels of histidine, glycine, and cysteine were detected in the animals. A survey of the free amino acid contents of the animals revealed large amounts of alanine and glycine. Significant differences were found in the fatty acid composition among the three species. Specially, different saturated fatty acids (17.14-40.49%) such as C16:0, and C18:0, monounsaturated fatty acids (19.19-46.88%) such as C16:1, and C18:1, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (35.41-57.08%) such as EPA, and DHA was identified. Our results suggest that each of these deep sea animals possesses nutritional value and should be considered as a foodstuff.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권spc1호
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• pp.1-3
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• 2005

흑자색미의 C3C함량을 신속하게 분석하는데, FT-NIR을 이용한 C3G 함량 분석의 예측값과 HPLC 측정값의 정확도를 비교하였다. 1. FT-NIR을 이용한 C3G 함량 분석에서 사용된 시료는 별도의 전처리 과정없이 현미 상태 측정하여 HPLC 분석방법에 비하여 많은 시간과 비용을 아낄 수 있다. 2. 흑진주벼와 수원425호를 교배한 $F_{10}$ 385 계통을 사용하여 얻은 FT-NIR 검량식은 매우 높은 정상관을 보였다($R^2=0.943$, SEE=0.116). 이 검량식을 검증한 결과도 매우 높은 정상관을 보이고 실험오차도 매우 적어($R^2=0.928$, SEP=0.122) 측정정확도가 높게 평가되었다. 3. 본 연구의 결과, FT-NIR을 이용하여 비파괴적으로 신속하게 흑자색미의 C3G함량을 측정할 수 있게 되었다. 그리고 본 연구의 결과를 C3G함량이 높은 벼를 개발하는데 많은 양의 시료를 빠르게 분석할 수 있는 방법으로 이용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.201-206
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• 2005

In this work, we studied the effects of the moisture contents of cut tobacco on loose end of cigarettes. The loose end of the cigarette groups decreased with the increase of moisture contents of the cut tobacco and especially the loose end of A and C groups decreased to $31\%\;and\;52\%$ with the increase of $1\%$ moisture contents. $A-13.5\%\;and\;B-14.0\%\;and\; C-14.0\%$ moisture samples showed the increase of the weight ratio of cut tobacco over 1.4mm cut length but the decrease under 1.4mm cut length. We concluded that the main reasons were regarded to reduction of small fragment tobaccos caused by increase of moisture contents and exception of air-suction transport of tobaccos to cigarette making machine. In spite of the moisture increase of cut tobaccos under fixed EPD(encapsulated pressure drop), the hardness of Band C sample groups were maintained constantly except A group. This result means that under fixed EPD, the weight of cut tobacco in cigarette rods increases to compensate the reduction of pressure drop by moisture increase of cut tobaccos.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.73-86
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• 1988

In order to determine the content levels of trace metals in common salts, 64 bay salt samples were collected from three producing districts and 33 bay salt samples, 32 remade salt samples and 5 fine salt samples were collected from 7 major cities in Korea, from August to September 1987. These were analysed for content levels of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Mn using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results were as follows: 1. Lead contents in three type salts were N.D. - 1081.9 $\mu$g/kg and fourteen percent of the 114 samples exceeded the World Health Organization(WHO) criteria of 100$\mu$g/kg. Cadmium contents of samples were N.D.- 382C.5 $\mu$g/kg and five percent of the 114 samples were over the Spanish criteria of 500 $\mu$g/kg. Copper contents of samples were 8,9-214.9 $\mu$g/kg and there was not a sample over the World Health Organization(WHO) criteria of 500 $\mu$g/kg. Zinc contents ranged N.D. - 342.9 $\mu$g/kg and Manganese contents ranged N.D.- 8.31 mg/kg. 2. The comparison of heavy metal contents among the bay salts from three producing districts was significantly different in Pb, Cd and Cu contents. 3. The comparison of heavy metal contents between the bay salts and remade salts was not significantly different in Pb, Cd and Cu contents. 4. The contents of Pb, Cd, Zn and Mn in fine salts were much lower than those of bay salts and remade salts.