• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.88-95
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• 2020

In this study, we investigate the mechanical properties of high manganese steel, and the friction and wear characteristics of brake friction material containing this steel, for passenger car application, with the aim of replacing copper and copper alloys whose usage is expected to be restricted in the future. These steels are prepared using a vacuum induction melting furnace to produce binary and ternary alloys. The hardness and tensile strength of the high manganese steel decrease and the elongation increases with increase in manganese content. This material exhibits high values of hardness, tensile strength, and elongation; these properties are similar to those of 7-3 brass used in conventional friction materials. We fabricate high manganese steel fibers to prepare test pad specimens, and evaluate the friction and wear characteristics by simulating various braking conditions using a 1/5 scale dynamometer. The brake pad material is found to have excellent friction stability in comparison with conventional friction materials that use 7-3 brass fibers; particularly, the friction stability at high temperature is significantly improved. Additionally, we evaluate the wear using a wear test method that simulates the braking conditions in Europe. It is found that the amount of wear of the brake pad is the same as that in the case of the conventional friction material, and that the amount of wear of the cast iron disc is reduced by approximately 10. The high manganese steel is expected to be useful in the development of eco-friendly, copper-free friction material.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.99-120
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• 2012

The ongoing development of Distriparks, the increase in workers inside the warehouses, and the growth in traffic volume have shifted the attention of the many D.C. operators on how to utilize their warehouse spaces more profitably and economically. A total of 550 cars and trucks are illegally parked at the distribution centers everyday. To meet these challenges, port authorities are looking closely at how they can establish effective countermeasures to solve this problem and satisfy customers of the Distripark. In order to answer these questions, this article sought to identity and analyze the current status of the illegal parking issues and main causes of that phenomena. In addition to summarizing an actual outcomes of the illegal parking problems, the research also examines the legal and practical countermeasures of this issues. Finally this research tries to find future solutions for ports in the Distripark development process, with particular reference to the legal and managerial aspects.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.149-155
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• 2015

With increasing of GDP, the registration number of passenger cars has exceeded 20 million last year in Korea. Especially, the registration number of the diesel engine vehicles has been increasing. However, the WHO(World Health Organization) IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) has reported that diesel engine exhaust gas is an one of HAPs, which has carcinogenic for human, and they have designated it to Group 1. To solve this problem, exhaust gas from diesel engines has to be controlled. Thus, it has been controlling by European regulatory standard in Korea. On the other hand, in order to meet the enhanced emission regulations, all manufacturing company applied $NO_x$ control device to vehicles such as EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation), SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) and so on. However, these devices (EGR, SCR) were operated by difference reaction mechanism respectively, and the composition of exhaust gas would be differenced from that of them. In this study, it was conducted to evaluate variety characteristics on changing of exhaust gas composition by each $NO_x$ control device, and the heavy duty diesel trucks were chosen as experimental vehicles. From the result, it revealed that vehicles (with EGR) were discharged higher THC as 52.5% than that of others (with SCR). However, it did not followed that trend, in the case of CO; it was discharged as 57.2% lower than that of others (with SCR). In the future, these data would be used to apply to efficient $NO_x$ control device for meeting to EURO 6.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1852-1857
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• 2007

Since the introduction of the subway, remarkable progress has been made so as to be able to produce a Korean standard electric car, but it is rather regretful that an engineer who is not aware of laws on a railroad or involved in a railroad designed a electric car. In the future, the electric cars with up-to-date technology must be introduced, but there are many difficulties in such introduction. For example, the operation of simultaneously moving and running scores of subway trains must comply with Regulation on Railroad Train Operation, so, close examination of these problems is required. The existing electric car, as does a motorcar, varies a little with makers in the type and characteristics. This paper is intended to discuss about the device and measures for reinforcing a function of Daewoo GEC electric car that was introduced by technical tie-up from England, which accounts for the most ratio in this field

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.562-570
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• 2013

Image of emotional pleasure or displeasure, tension or emotional division of tranquility in the form of a tree is evaluated by weighting. Image representative evaluation of the sensitivity of the brightness contrast ratings 1 car pleasure, displeasure or stress or emotional tranquility and two cars are separated by image segmentation. Emotion Recognition of four compared to the numerical data is measured by brightness. OpenCV implementation through evaluation graph the stress intensity contrast, tranquility, pleasure, displeasure, depending on changes in the value of the computing is divided into four emotional. Contrast sensitivity of computing the brightness depending on the value entered 'nuisance' to 'excellent' or 'stress' to 'calm' the emotional changes can give. Calculate the sensitivity of the image regularity of localized computing system can control the future direction of industry on the application of emotion recognition will play a positive role.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.407-410
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• 2012

Recently, wireless network services are widely used, depending on the development of wireless network module technologies and the utilization gradually expanded, and thus is a trend that appears a lot of IT convergence industries. For this study, the OBD-II communication to Import your vehicle information, and other external devices in high-speed driving condition of the vehicle to verify the information system was developed to transfer data to an external server. From various sensors inside the vehicle using the OBD-II connector easily convert all users to read the information, then, Sent to the external server using the wireless network module, high-speed vehicle status check system was implemented. It was to test the performance of the system was developed using the actual circuit in a high-speed road racing vehicles. Transfer data generated from high-speed driving vehicles through the OBD-II scanner and check the status of a high-speed vehicle system was confirmed that this data is normally received. In the future, these new cars convergence of IT technology will grow as a new field of research.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.38-44
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• 1993

"The Japan Sea Rim Natios" Is not one that was formed under a specific idea, as in the case of the European Community, in the respect of politics, economy and culture. At present, in particular after the Cold War, Japan has extended exchange on regional and private levels with the countries located on the other side of the apan Sea from the first stages of friendship to economic relationships. In the future, it is necessary to promote the establishment of an International exchange network and traffic system for each of the traffic facilities in order to build up the Block that will mainly contribute to the economies of countries and regions In the area. For the purpose, it is fundamental to reexamine the national land planning and the local development planning of each of the countries. From the standpoint of technology, the issues to be looked into are : study and development on marine civil engineering such as structures over straits study and development on the construction engineering of express ways and exprees rail roads : development of vehicles such as cars and trains I propose approaches to my vision of these traffic systems from my standpoint as an engineer in this paper.his paper.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.77-89
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• 2009

With an increasing number of cars in Korea, the government is constantly providing roads and their related facilities. However the fundamental problems of cities like the structure of cities and the environment of roads make the traffic congestion of downtowns. To solve this problem the construction of toll roads such as tunnels and bridges is increasing but use rates of drivers is low. With more tolls required, less persons will use the roads. Thus this study is to consider offering discounted charges when using the two or more toll roads together. This study analyzes the impact that discounted charges would bring to the demand. In the meantime we looks into what the proper range should be for the discount. The results of this study are expected to be used as basis for the introduction of a discount system in the future.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1196-1213
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• 2020

There is a growing interest in the development of smart environments through predicting the behaviors of inhabitants of smart spaces in the recent past. Various smart services are deployed in modern smart cities to facilitate residents and city administration. Prediction algorithms are broadly used in the smart fields in order to well equip the smart services for the future demands. Hence, an accurate prediction technology plays a vital role in the smart services. In this paper, we take out an extensive survey of smart spaces such as smart homes, smart farms and smart cars and smart applications such as smart health and smart energy. Our extensive survey is based on more than 400 articles and the final list of research studies included in this survey consist of 134 research papers selected using Google Scholar database for period of 2008 to 2018. In this survey, we highlight the role of prediction algorithms in each sub-domain of smart Internet of Things (IoT) environments. We also discuss the main algorithms which play pivotal role in a particular IoT subfield and effectiveness of these algorithms. The conducted survey provides an efficient way to analyze and have a quick understanding of state of the art work in the targeted domain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the very first survey paper on main categories of prediction algorithms covering statistical, heuristic and hybrid approaches for smart environments.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.22 no.51
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• pp.199-210
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• 1999

The number of car accident is Recently on the increase in Korea because of the explosive increase of cars, the poor road condition, the lack of safety facility, and others. The insurant with a accident has to decide whether receiving a insurance or not. In this paper, we represent a reasonable decision support material by calculating the approximate insurance fee based on the discount rate and premium additive rate, which is changed by the accident type and the accident expenditure. Practically, there is difference in the standard insurance rate and premium additive rate according to the accident type and the accident expenditure in Korea. The premium additive rate is assessed considering the number of accident, the pattern of accident, and the reason of accident for 3 years. In this paper, we represent a decision making method considering not only the first-time car accident but also the future car accident. For considering the repeated accident, we analyzed the real data accumulated until the year of 1996 from S Insurance Company, and estimated the probability density function between the first and the second-time accident, and executed the goodness of fit test using ARENA and STATISTICA software. Using this conditional PDF, we can calculate the insurance fee next 3 years and compare the insurance fee with the equivalent present value of cash flows. The program performing this analysis is represented, and written in VISUAL BASIC Language. We tried to suggest an accurate guideline for the insurant to decide the insurance coverage rationally, and tried to correct a wrong idea of dependence on the car insurance only by the amount of the accident expenditure. And we expect this study can generally be applied to many different accident types under the uncertain circumstances in our daily life.