• Atmosphere
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.237-243
• /
• 2013

A set of scripts for GrADS (Grid Analysis and Display System) and R was implemented to produce agricultural climate information using the future climate scenarios based on the Representative Concentration Pathways. The GrADS script was used to calculate agricultural climate indices including growing degree days and cooling degree days. The script generated agricultural climate maps of these indices, which are compatible with common Geographic Information System (GIS) applications. To perform a statistical analysis using the agricultural climate maps, a script for R, which is open source statistical software, was used. Because a large number of spatial climate data were produced, parallel processing packages such as SNOW, doSNOW, and foreach were used to perform a simple statistical analysis in the R script. The parallel script of R had speedup on workstations with multi-CPU cores.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2023.05a
• /
• pp.32-32
• /
• 2023

Incidences of urban flood and extreme heat waves (due to the urban heat island effect) are expected to increase in New Zealand under future climate change (IPCC 2022; MfE 2020). Increasingly, the mitigation of such events will depend on the resilience of a range Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) used in Sustainable Urban Drainage Schemes (SUDS), or Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) (Jamei and Tapper 2019; Johnson et al 2021). Understanding the impact of changing precipitation and temperature regimes due climate change is therefore critical to the long-term resilience of such urban infrastructure and design. Cuthbert et al (2022) have assessed the trade-offs between the water retention and cooling benefits of different urban greening methods (such as WSUD) relative to global location and climate. Using the Budyko water-energy balance framework (Budyko 1974), they demonstrated that the potential for water infiltration and storage (thus flood mitigation) was greater where potential evaporation is high relative to precipitation. Similarly, they found that the potential for mitigation of drought conditions was greater in cooler environments. Subsequently, Jaramillo et al. (2022) have illustrated the locations worldwide that will deviate from their current Budyko curve characteristic under climate change scenarios, as the relationship between actual evapotranspiration (AET) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) changes relative to precipitation. Using the above approach we assess the impact of future climate change on the urban water-energy balance in three contrasting New Zealand cities (Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch and Invercargill). The variation in Budyko curve characteristics is then used to describe expected changes in water storage and cooling potential in each urban area as a result of climate change. The implications of the results are then considered with respect to existing WSUD guidelines according to both the current and future climate in each location. It was concluded that calculation of Budyko curve deviation due to climate change could be calculated for any location and land-use type combination in New Zealand and could therefore be used to advance the general understanding of climate change impacts. Moreover, the approach could be used to better define the concept of urban infrastructure resilience and contribute to a better understanding of Budyko curve dynamics under climate change (questions raised by Berghuijs et al 2020)). Whilst this knowledge will assist in implementation of national climate change adaptation (MfE, 2022; UNEP, 2022) and improve climate resilience in urban areas in New Zealand, the approach could be repeated for any global location for which present and future mean precipitation and temperature conditions are known.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.235-243
• /
• 2018

Loss of favorable habitats for species due to temperature increase is one of the main concerns of climate change on the ecosystem, and endangered species might be much more sensitive to such unfavorable changes. This study aimed to analyze the impact of future climate change on endangered wild animals in South Korea by investigating thermal sensitivity and vulnerability to temperature increase. We determined thermal sensitivity by testing normality in species distribution according to temperature. Then, we defined the vulnerability when the future temperature range of South Korea completely deviate from the current temperature range of species distribution. We identified 13 species with higher thermal sensitivity. Based on IPCC future scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, the number of species vulnerable to future warming doubled from 3 under RCP4.5 to 7 under the RCP8.5 scenario. The species anticipated to be at risk under RCP 8.5 are flying squirrel (Pteromys volans aluco), ural owl (Pteromys volans aluco), black woodpecker (Dryocopus martius), tawny owl (Strix aluco), watercock (Gallicrex cinerea), schrenck?s bittern (Ixobrychus eurhythmus), and fairy pitta (Pitta nympha). The other 10 species showing very narrow temperature ranges even without normal distributions and out of the future temperature range may also need to be treated as vulnerable species, considering the inevitable observation scarcity of such endangered species.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.53 no.1
• /
• pp.3-14
• /
• 2020

Many studies have been conducted to assess the health effects of climate change in Korea. However, there has been a lack of consideration regarding how the results of these studies can be applied to relevant policies. The current study aims to examine research trends at the agenda-setting stage and to review future ways in which health-related adaptation to climate change can be addressed within national public health policy. A systematic review of previous studies of the health effects of climate change in Korea was conducted. Many studies have evaluated the effect of ambient temperature on health. A large number of studies have examined the effects on deaths and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, but a limitation of these studies is that it is difficult to apply their findings to climate change adaptation policy in the health sector. Many infectious disease studies were also identified, but these mainly focused on malaria. Regarding climate change-related factors other than ambient temperature, studies of the health effects of these factors (with the exception of air pollution) are limited. In Korea, it can be concluded that studies conducted as part of the agenda-setting stage are insufficient, both because studies on the health effects of climate change have not ventured beyond defining the problem and because health adaptation to climate change has not been set as an important agenda item. In the future, the sharing and development of relevant databases is necessary. In addition, the priority of agenda items should be determined as part of a government initiative.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.143-156
• /
• 2018

Evapotranspiration is a key element in designing and operating agricultural hydraulic structures. The profound effect of climate change to local agro-hydrological systems makes it inevitable to study the potential variability in evapotranspiration rate in order to develop policies on future agricultural water management as well as to evaluate changes in agricultural environment. The APEX-Paddy model was used to simulate local evapotranspiration responses to climate change scenarios. Nine Global Climate Models(GCMs) downscaled using a non-parametric quantile mapping method and a Multi?Model Ensemble method(MME) were used for an uncertainty analysis in the climate scenarios. Results indicate that APEX-Paddy and the downscaled 9 GCMs reproduce evapotranspiration accurately for historical period(1976~2005). For future periods, simulated evapotranspiration rate under the RCP 4.5 scenario showed increasing trends by -1.31%, 2.21% and 4.32% for 2025s(2011~2040), 2055s(2041~2070) and 2085s(2071~2100), respectively, compared with historical(441.6 mm). Similar trends were found under the RCP 8.5 scenario with the rates of increase by 0.00%, 4.67%, and 7.41% for the near?term, mid?term, and long?term periods. Monthly evapotranspiration was predicted to be the highest in August, July was the month having a strong upward trend while. September and October were the months showing downward trends in evapotranspiration are mainly resulted from the shortening of the growth period of paddy rice due to temperature increase and stomatal closer as ambient $CO_2$ concentration increases in the future.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.61 no.1
• /
• pp.45-59
• /
• 2019

Since the baseflow, which constitutes most of the river flow in the dry season, plays an important role in the solution of river runoff and drought, it is important to accurately evaluate the characteristics of the baseflow for river management. In this study, land use change was evaluated through time series data of land use, and then baseflow characteristics were analyzed by considering climate change and land use change using climate change scenarios. The results showed that the contribution of baseflow of scenarios considering both climate change and land use change was lower than that of scenarios considering only climate change for yearly and seasonal analysis. This implies that land use changes as well as climate changes affect base runoff. Thus, if we study the watershed in which the land use is occurring rapidly in the future, it is considered that the study should be carried out considering both land use change and climate change. The results of this study can be used as basic data for studying the baseflow characteristics in the Gapcheon watershed considering various land use changes and climate change in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.22 no.9
• /
• pp.29-45
• /
• 2022

This study aims to analyze how the public perceive the climate change in South Korea. The climate change has been highlighted due to its social and environmental impact on future society during decades. In recent, the outbreak of COVID-19 alerted the causal relationship between diseases and the climate change and forced decision-makers to cope with possible future epidemics. Along with the social and political importance of the climate change, the perception and actions of the public also become significant. Thus, this study analyzes the trends in the public perception of climate change before and after the COVID-19, using social media big data from March 1, 2019 through February 28, 2022. The results show that the negative perception dominated the public's perception, but a little positive perception implies that numerous policies on the climate change may help the public convert their negative perception to the positive. This study may help the decision-makers develop future policies and strategies on the climate change and carbon neutrality by considering the demand-side perception, such as South Korean perception.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.287-298
• /
• 2020

It is predicted that future climate warming will occur, and the subtropical climate zone currently confined to the south coast of Korea will gradually rise north. The shift of climate zone implies a change in area for cultivating crops. This study aimed to evaluate the current and future status of climate zones based on the high-resolution climate data of South Korea to prepare adaptation measures for cultivating crops under changing agricultural climate conditions. First, the climatic maps of South and North Korea were produced by using the high-resolution monthly maximum and minimum daily temperature and monthly cumulative precipitation produced during the past 30 years (1981-2010) covering South and North Korea. Then the climate zones of the Korean Peninsula were classified based on the Köppen climate classification. Second, the changes in climate zones were predicted by using the corrected monthly climate data of the Korean Peninsula (grid resolution 30-270m) based on the RCP8.5 scenario of the Korea Meteorological Administration. Köppen climate classification was applied based on the RCP8.5 scenario, the temperature and precipitation of the Korean Peninsula would continue to increase and the climate would become simpler. It was predicted that the temperate climate, appearing in the southern region of Korea, would be gradually expanded and the most of the Korean Peninsula, excluding some areas of Hamgkyeong and Pyeongan provinces in North Korea, would be classified as a temperate climate zone between 2071 and 2100. The subarctic climate would retreat to the north and the Korean Peninsula would become warmer and wetter in general.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.91-91
• /
• 2011

In the present study, the proposed EMD and NSOR models has been applied in hydrology and climate sciences. Here, we present those applications as the following: (1) to extend future scenarios of Global Surface Temperature Anomaly including long-term oscillation component; (2) to extend the future evolution of the Eastern Canada winter precipitation; (3) to apply EMD in detecting climate change.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.117-129
• /
• 2021

In this review, we aimed to synthesize the current knowledge on the observed and projected effects of climate change on the ecosystems of Korea (i.e., the Republic of Korea (ROK) or South Korea), as well as the main causes of vulnerability and options for adaptation in these ecosystems based on a range of ecological and biogeographical data. To this end, we compiled a set of peer-reviewed papers published since 2014. We found that publication of climate-related studies on plants has decreased in the field of plant phenology and physiology, whereas such publication has rapidly increased in plant and animal community ecology, reflecting the range shifts and abundance change that are occurring under climate change. Plant phenology studies showed that climate change has increased growing seasons by advancing the timing of flowering and budburst while delaying the timing of leafing out. Community ecology studies indicated that the future ranges of cold-adapted plants and animals could shrink or shift toward northern and high-elevation areas, whereas the ranges of warm-adapted organisms could expand and/or shift toward the areas that the aforementioned cold-adapted biota previously occupied. This review provides useful information and new insights that will improve understanding of climate change effects on the ecosystems of Korea. Moreover, it will serve as a reference for policy-makers seeking to establish future sectoral adaptation options for protection against climate change.