• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.149-154
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• 2023

This paper presents a novel approach to multi-focus image fusion using light field cameras. The proposed neural network, LFFCNN (Light Field Focus Convolutional Neural Network), is composed of three main modules: feature extraction, feature fusion, and feature reconstruction. Specifically, the feature extraction module incorporates SPP (Spatial Pyramid Pooling) to effectively handle images of various scales. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model not only effectively fuses a single All-in-Focus image from images with multi focus images but also offers more efficient and robust focus fusion compared to existing methods.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2003

This paper deals with the difficulties involved in analyzing and designing a management system to reduce the risks and improve the productivity of new product development. In this paper, a method is described to analyze user information and determine product specifications based on a stimulus-response model, the conjoint measurement of users needs, and product characteristics deployment. The proposed method can analyze the effect of a partial price on the contribution ratio based on the order of preference of product profiles through a smaller number of product profiles. The strengths and weaknesses of this method are examined as the method is applied to the case study of a mobile computer intended for personal use.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.392-405
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• 2019

Biogeochemical processes play an important role in ocean environments and can affect the entire Earth's climate system. Using an ocean-biogeochemistry model (NEMO-TOPAZ), we investigated the effects of changes in albedo and wind stress caused by phytoplankton in the equatorial Pacific. The simulated ocean temperature showed a slight decrease when the solar reflectance of the regions where phytoplankton were present increased. Phytoplankton also decreased the El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) amplitude by decreasing the influence of trade winds due to their biological enhancement of upper-ocean turbulent viscosity. Consequently, the cold sea surface temperature bias in the equatorial Pacific and overestimation of the ENSO amplitude were slightly reduced in our model simulations. Further sensitivity tests suggested the necessity of improving the phytoplankton-related equation and optimal coefficients. Our results highlight the effects of altered albedo and wind stress due to phytoplankton on the climate system.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.26-38
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• 2021

Image coloration refers to adding plausible colors to a grayscale image or video. Image coloration has been used in many modern fields, including restoring old photographs, as well as reducing the time spent painting cartoons. In this paper, a method is proposed for colorizing grayscale images using a convolutional neural network. We propose an encoder-decoder model, adapting FusionNet to our purpose. A proper loss function is defined instead of the MSE loss function to suit the purpose of coloring. The proposed model was verified using the ImageNet dataset. We quantitatively compared several colorization models with ours, using the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) metric. In addition, to qualitatively evaluate the results, our model was applied to images in the test dataset and compared to images applied to various other models. Finally, we applied our model to a selection of old black and white photographs.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.275-281
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• 2023

In recent years, technological developments have rapidly increased the number of complex structures and equipment in the industrial. Accordingly, the prognostics and health monitoring (PHM) technology has become significant. The safety assessment of industrial sites requires data obtained by installing a number of sensors in the structure. Therefore, digital twin technology, which forms the core of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, is attracting attention in the safety field. The research on digital twin technology of structures subjected to seismic loads has been conducted recently. Hence, this study proposes a digital twin system that estimates the responses and arbitrary load in real time by utilizing the minimum sensor to a pipe that receives a seismic and arbitrary load. To construct the digital twin system, a finite-element model was created considering the dynamic characteristics of the pipe system, and then updating the finite-element model. In addition, the calculation speed was improved using a finite-element model that applied the reduced-order modeling (ROM) technology to achieve real-time performance. The constructed digital twin system successfully and rapidly estimated the load and the point where the sensor was not attached. The accuracy of the constructed digital twin system was verified by comparing the response of the digital twin model with that derived by using the load estimated from the digital twin model as input in the finite-element model.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.451-458
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• 2008

After more than 10 years construction, KSTAR (Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research) had finally completed its assembly in June 2007, and then achieved the goal of first-plasma in July 2008 through the four month's commissioning. KSTAR was constructed with fully superconducting magnets with material of $Nb_3Sn$ and NbTi, and their operation temperatures are maintained below 4.5K by the help of Helium Refrigerator System. During the first-plasma operation, plasmas of maximum current of 133kA and maximum pulse width of 865ms were obtained. The KSTAR Integrated Control System (KICS) has successfully fulfilled its missions of surveillance, device operation, machine protection interlock, and data acquisition and management. These and more were all KSTAR commissioning requirements. For reliable and safe operation of KSTAR, 17 local control systems were developed. Those systems must be integrated into the logically single control system, and operate regardless of their platforms and location installed. In order to meet these requirements, KICS was developed as a network-based distributed system and adopted a new framework, named as EPICS (Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System). Also, KICS has some features in KSTAR operation. It performs not only 24 hour continuous plant operation, but the shot-based real-time feedback control by exchanging the initiatives of operation between a central controller and a plasma control system in accordance with the operation sequence. For the diagnosis and analysis of plasma, 11 types of diagnostic system were implemented in KSTAR, and the acquired data from them were archived using MDSpius (Model Driven System), which is widely used in data management of fusion control systems. This paper will cover the design and implementation of the KSTAR integrated control system and the data management and visualization systems. Commissioning results will be introduced in brief.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.14 no.1 s.36
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• pp.85-94
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• 2006

Image fusion techniques are widely used to integrate a lower spatial resolution multispectral image with a higher spatial resolution panchromatic image. However, the existing techniques either cannot avoid distorting the image spectral properties or involve complicated and time-consuming decomposition and reconstruction processing in the case of wavelet transform-based fusion. In this study a simple spectral preserve fusion technique: the Smoothing Filter-based Replacement(SFR) is proposed based on a simplified solar radiation and land surface reflection model. By using a ratio between a higher resolution image and its low pass filtered (with a smoothing filter) image, spatial details can be injected to a co-registered lower resolution multispectral image minimizing its spectral properties and contrast. The technique can be applied to improve spatial resolution for either colour composites or individual bands. The fidelity to spectral property and the spatial quality of SFM are convincingly demonstrated by an image fusion experiment using IKONOS panchromatic and multispectral images. The visual evaluation and statistical analysis compared with other image fusion techniques confirmed that SFR is a better fusion technique for preserving spectral information.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.610-613
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• 2009

New rod-disc liquid crystal (LC) molecule RD12 (12 is the number of carbon atoms between the rod and disc mesogenic liquid crystals) was synthesized via the chemical attachment of six cyanobiphenly calamitic mesogens linked to the triphenyl discotic mesogen with six alkyl chain linkage. Aligning characteristics associated with homogenous alignment is investigated at first and then field-dependent molecular reorientation under a vertical electric field is studied. Interestingly, they show abnormal slow molecular transition from initiate state (no electric field condition) to certain voltage. In this condition, we observe the molecular competition during reorientation. However, once a tilting direction of disk molecules are defined, the frustration is not observed anymore. The origin of this phenomenon is explained with a suggested model for the first time.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.47-56
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• 2010

In navigation, officers receive data about inside and outside of ship from several devices(ex, GPS / AIS / ECDIS / ARPA Radar / etc) in bridge, and use it to recognize and predict safety situations. However, observation work of a officer is still hard for a torrent of data from several devices, and the problem of inconsistent data among the devices. In previous research, we presented the conceptual model of Intelligent Navigation Safety Information System based on information fusion, and showed the example of the conceptual model using CF (Certainty Factor) expert system to solve this problem. The information fusion technology needs various reasoning skills, and CF expert system is not enough to express ambiguous or indefinite factors. In this paper, we propose the concept of an intelligent navigation information fusion using fuzzy expert system to describe the ambiguous factors, and show the validity of applying fuzzy expert system to the Navigation Safety Information System through the design and implementation of the proposed concept.

• Asian Spine Journal
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1092-1099
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• 2018

Study Design: In-vitro biomechanical investigation. Purpose: To evaluate the biomechanical effects of the degeneration of the biodegradable cervical plates developed for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) on fusion and adjacent levels. Overview of Literature: Biodegradable implants have been recently introduced for cervical spine surgery. However, their effectiveness and safety remains unclear. Methods: A linear three-dimensional finite element (FE) model of the lower cervical spine, comprising the C4-C6 vertebrae was developed using computed tomography images of a 46-year-old woman. The model was validated by comparison with previous reports. Four models of ACDF were analyzed and compared: (1) a titanium plate and bone block (Tita), (2) strong biodegradable plate and bone block (PLA-4G) that represents the early state of the biodegradable plate with full strength, (3) weak biodegradable plate and bone block (PLA-1G) that represents the late state of the biodegradable plate with decreased strength, and (4) stand-alone bone block (Bloc). FE analysis was performed to investigate the relative motion and intervertebral disc stress at the surgical (C5-C6 segment) and adjacent (C4-C5 segment) levels. Results: The Tita and PLA-4G models were superior to the other models in terms of higher segment stiffness, smaller relative motion, and lower bone stress at the surgical level. However, the maximal von Mises stress at the intervertebral disc at the adjacent level was significantly higher in the Tita and PLA-4G models than in the other models. The relative motion at the adjacent level was significantly lower in the PLA-1G and Bloc models than in the other models. Conclusions: The use of biodegradable plates will enhance spinal fusion in the initial stronger period and prevent adjacent segment degeneration in the later, weaker period.