• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.827-837
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to observe premium handbag users who are 20 to 30 year old of age, to determine purchase behavior and design preference of handbags by lifestyle and age variable to help market segmentation. A survey instrument was used. A sample was selected by quota sampling method from 20 to 30 aged Korean women, and reliable 538 data were analyzed by SPSS. Cluster type towards lifestyle and age were independent variable. There are two types of lifestyle clusters toward luxury handbags; Strongly favored and weakly favored group toward luxury handbags. Strongly favored group of luxury goods considered more brand, country of origin, and trend, while young people considered more new arrival of design in purchase of products. Preferred design type of hand bag was statistically associated with age variable. 20s consumers preferred shopper bag style and big size of handbags. Leather was preferred by the group of the strongly favored luxury goods. Through this research finding, we hope handbag brand market segmentation will be based on lifestyle and age variable to reflect customer's demand.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.119-124
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• 2019

Objective: It is widely accepted that aging decreases women's fertility capacity. The aim of this study was to assess correlations between maternal age and the morphokinetic parameters and cleavage pattern of embryos. Methods: The morphokinetics of embryos derived from women < 30, 30-35, 36-40, and > 40 years of age were compared retrospectively in terms of time of second polar body extrusion, time of pronuclei appearance, time of pronuclei fading, and time of two to eight discrete cells (t2-t8). Furthermore, abnormal cleavage patterns such as uneven blastomeres at the two-cell stage, cell fusion (Fu), and trichotomous mitoses (TM) were assessed. Results: Only t5 occurred later in women aged 36-40 and > 40 years when compared with those aged < 30 and 30-35 years (p< 0.001). Other morphokinetic timing parameters, as well the presence of uneven blastomeres, were comparable between the groups (p> 0.05). However, Fu and TM were more common in women aged > 40 years than in younger women (p< 0.001). Conclusion: Maternal age was correlated with the cleavage pattern of embryos. Therefore, evaluating embryo morphokinetics may contribute to optimal embryo selection, thereby increasing fertility in patients with advanced maternal age.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.193-198
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• 2011

Effect of CaO addition on age hardening response has been studied by using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and differential thermal analysis in AZ91 and CaO-containing ECO-AZ91 alloys. After solution treatment, the ${\beta}$($Mg_{17}Al_{12}$) phase formed during solidification mostly disappeared in the microstructure in the AZ91 alloy, whereas numerous ${\beta}$ precipitates containing Ca were still observed in the ECO-AZ91 alloy due to its enhanced thermal stability. The ECO-AZ91 alloy showed the delayed peak aging time and higher peak hardness compared with those of the AZ91 alloy. The activation energies for ${\beta}$ precipitation calculated by means of Kissinger method increased from 71.4 to 85.6 kJ/mole by the addition of CaO, which implies that CaO plays a role in reducing ${\beta}$ precipitation rate in the AZ91 alloy.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.491-496
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• 1997

When olfactory placodes are transplanted at stages 23/24 from Xenopus laevis to Xenopus borealis hosts of the same age, it is possible to distinguish the cell populations of the host and donor due to the peculiar nuclear Q bands specific to X. borealis. I have replaced the eye anlage in each of a number of X. borealis with the transplanted olfactory placode of an individual X. laevis, or vice versa. In most instances, the placode of the donor fuses with that of the host. When fusion occurs, but not when the host and donor orqans grow separately, the cells of the donor were replaced gradually and according to a characteristic pattern by cells of the host. The basal cells of the donor were the first to be replaced, followed by the more matured cells of the sensory epithelium. This cellular substitution, proceeding in an orderly fashion from bottom to upper layers of the epithelium, depends on the fusion of the two organs. This observation suggests intercellular contacts in the mitotic zone of the two organs favor the host's cells over those of the donor.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.308-317
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• 2024

Maraging steel has excellent mechanical properties resulting from the formation of precipitates within the matrix through aging treatment. Maraging steel fabricated by the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process is suitable for applications including precise components and optimized design. The anisotropic characteristic, which depends on the stacking direction, affects the mechanical properties. This study aimed to analyze the influence of anisotropy on the wear behavior of maraging steel after aging treatment. The features of additive manufacturing tended to disappear after heat treatment. However, some residual cellular and dendrite structures were observed. In the wear tests, a high wear rate was observed on the building direction plane for all counter materials. This is believed to be because the oxides formed on the wear track positively affected the wear characteristics; meanwhile, the bead shape in the stacking direction surface was vulnerable to wear, leading to significant wear.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.175-183
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• 2011

The present study compared the developmental potential, telomerase activity and transcript levels of X-linked genes (ANT3, HPRT, MeCP2, RPS4X, XIAP, XIST and ZFX) in the bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos derived from different age and cell cycle of female donor nucleus. In experiment 1, the fusion rate, cleavage rate to 2-cell stage, developmental rate to blastocyst stage, and the mean number of total and ICM cells was slightly increased in embryos cloned with fetal fibroblasts compared to those with adult fibroblasts, but there was no significantly (p<0.05) differences. Telomerase activity was also similar in blastocysts cloned with fetal and adult fibroblasts. Up-regulated RPS4X and down-regulated MeCP2, XIAP, and XIST transcript level were observed in blastocysts cloned with adult fibroblasts, compared to those with fetal fibroblasts. In experiment 2, the fusion rate, cleavage rate to 2-cell stage, developmental rate to blastocyst stage, and the mean number of total and ICM cells was significantly (p<0.05) increased in embryos cloned with fetal fibroblasts at early G1 phase of the cell cycle, compared to those of fetal fibroblasts at late G1 phase. DNMT1 transcript was observed to significantly (p<0.05) increased in the fetal fibroblasts at 3 hrs after trypsin treatment of confluent culture. Further, level of telomerase activity and transcribed X-linked genes was also significantly (p<0.05) higher in the early G1 SCNT blastocysts than those of late G1. The results imply that fetal fibroblasts at early G1 phase induces the enhanced developmental potential and up-regulated telomerase activity and X-linked gene, but aberrant transcript pattern of X-linked genes may be displayed in the SCNT embryos.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.15-33
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to categorize the decorative characteristics of the Rococo Age, which displays the most glamorous and elegant decorative beauty, in architecture, interior decorations, paintings, and patterns, and to analyze these characteristics and graft them onto art masks in a modern way. Piece I is a mixed media piece that based its motif on the ceilings and pulpits of the German Vis Pilgrimage Church, which is representative architecture of the Rococo Age. It was glamorously produced using gold and cubic zirconia. Piece II is also a mixed media piece that borrowed its motif from the exterior and gazebo of the Sanssouci Palace in Germany, another representative piece of architecture from the Rococo Age, and it was produced to clearly display the image of the Sanssouci Palace, using emerald and ivory. Piece III applies the furniture trends of the Rococo Age. Curves in S and C shapes, which can often be found in Chinese furniture, along with dark backgrounds, common in portrait paintings, were applied to give a sense of weight and dignity. Piece IV is an application of the fabric patterns of the Rococo Age. Continuous patterns of flowers and greenery stems were drawn on the mask to recreate the fabric patterns of the age. Piece V used the painting 'Swing' of the Rococo Age as its inspiration. Lace and ribbon decorations were used to emphasize feminine beauty and express the loveliness of the woman that appears in the painting. Piece VI borrows from the painting 'Madame de Pompadour' of the Rococo Age and the clothing worn by Pompadour. This piece grafted colors and themes through the painting and expressed a fusion of the dresses of Pompadour and lace that is clearly displayed in the architecture, paintings, clothing, interior decorations, and patterns of the Rococo Age, along with the rocaille (asymmetrically shaped decorations that resemble clams), flowers, leaves, stems, and Chinoiserie styles. These motifs clearly display the decorative characteristics of the age and these were grafted them onto art masks, confirming that it is possible to create new designs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.3927-3932
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• 2014

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK) define specific molecular subsets of lung adenocarcinomas with distinct clinical features. Our purpose was to analyze clinical features and prognostic value of EGFR gene mutations and the EML4-ALK fusion gene in lung adenocarcinoma. Patients and Methods: EGFR gene mutations and the EML4-ALK fusion gene were detected in 92 lung adenocarcinoma patients in China. Tumor marker levels before first treatment were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Results: EGFR mutations were found in 40.2% (37/92) of lung adenocarcinoma patients, being identified at high frequencies in never-smokers (48.3% vs. 26.5% in smokers; P=0.040) and in patients with abnormal serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels before the initial treatment (58.3% vs. 28.6%, P=0.004). Multivariate analysis revealed that a higher serum CEA level before the initial treatment was independently associated with EGFR gene mutations (95%CI: 1.476~11.343, P=0.007). We also identified 8 patients who harbored the EML4-ALK fusion gene (8.7%, 8/92). In concordance with previous reports, younger age was a clinical feature for these (P=0.008). Seven of the positive cases were never smokers, and no coexistence with EGFR mutation was discovered. In addition, the frequency of the EML4-ALK fusion gene among patients with a serum CEA concentration below 5ng/ml seemed to be higher than patients with a concentration over 5ng/ml (P=0.021). No significant difference was observed for time to progression and overall survival between EML4-ALK-positive group and EML4-ALK-negative group or between patients with and without an EGFR mutation. Conclusions: The serum CEA level before the initial treatment may be helpful in screening population for EGFR mutations or EML4-ALK fusion gene presence in lung adenocarcinoma patients.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.122-126
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• 2002

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the 37-hour sleep deprivation on visual discrimination using the Cybernetic Flicker Fusion Analyzer (FLIMK) and to see the correlation between this finding and various subjective scale scores. Methods: Twenty six subjects (20 men 6 women, $24.50{\pm}1.45$ years of age) participated in this study. Subjects remained awake for 37 hours under continuous surveillance. In the morning and evening of two study days, the FLIMK and the self-reporting scale of sleepiness, fatigue, anxiety and mood states were instituted. Results: In FLIMK, the flicker fusion threshold was significantly decreased after sleep deprivation (F=7.66, p=0.01). The number of trials (responses) before reaching fusion frequency threshold was significantly increased after sleep deprivation (F=13.16, p=0.001). The reduction of fusion frequency was correlated with the increase of sleepiness and fatigue (p<0.05), and the number of the trials was correlated with the scores of negative mood, anxiety, and fatigue (p<0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that 37 hour total sleep deprivation cause the decrement in visual discrimination. The decrease of the fusion frequency after sleep deprivation was correlated with sleepiness and fatigue. Further study is needed to enlighten the biological mechanism of the decrement in visual function after sleep deprivation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.6
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• pp.825-833
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• 2022

Objective : ABM/P-15 (anorganic bone matrix/15-amino acid peptide fragment) is a commercially available synthetically manufactured P-15 collagen peptide fragment, that is adsorbed on ABM. This study was done to investigate the efficacy of ABM/P-15 in achieving fusion in the lumbar spine and comparing it with that of recombinant bone morphogenic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and demineralized bone matrix (DBM). Methods : A retrospective observational study of prospectively collected data of 140 patients who underwent lumbar spinal fusion surgeries in a single specialty spine hospital between 2016 and 2020, with a minimum 6-month follow-up was conducted. Based on the material used for the augmentation of the bone graft at the fusion site, the patients were divided into three categories namely ABM/P-15, rhBMP-2, and DBM group. Results : ABM/P-15, rhBMP-2, and DBM were used in 46, 44, and 50 patients, respectively. Patient characteristics like age, gender, bone mineral density, smoking history, and presence of diabetes mellitus were comparable amongst the three groups. Average follow-up was 16.0±5.2, 17.9±9.8, and 26.2±14.9 months, respectively in ABM/P-15, rhBMP-2, and DBM groups. The fusion was achieved in 97.9%, 93.2%, and 98% patients while the average time-to-union was 4.05±2.01, 10±4.28, and 9.44±3.49 months (p<0.001), respectively for ABM/P-15, rhBMP-2, and DBM groups. The average pre-operative Visual analogue scale score was 6.93±2.42, 7.14±1.97, 7.01±2.14 (p=0.900) for ABM/P-15, rhBMP-2 and DBM groups, respectively, which reduced to 1.02±0.80, 1.21±0.96, and 0.54±0.70 (p=0.112), respectively at the last follow up. Pre-operative Oswestry disability index scores were 52.7±18.02, 55.4±16.8, and 53.56±19.6 (p=0.751) in ABM/P-15, rhBMP-2, and DBM groups, which post-operatively reduced to 33.77±15.52, 39.42±16.47, and 38.3±15.89 (p=0.412) and further to 15.74±8.3, 17.41±10.45, and 16.76±9.81 (p=0.603), respectively at the last follow-up. Conclusion : ABM/P-15 appears to achieve union significantly earlier than rhBMP-2 and DBM in lumbar spinal fusion cases while maintaining a comparable clinical and complication profile.