• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
• /
• 2004.10a
• /
• pp.54-57
• /
• 2004

See Full Text

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
• /
• 2000.10a
• /
• pp.23.2-23
• /
• 2000

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
• /
• 1999.10a
• /
• pp.37.2-37
• /
• 1999

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
• /
• 1996.10a
• /
• pp.232.2-232
• /
• 1996

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
• /
• 1999.10b
• /
• pp.55.2-55
• /
• 1999

No Abstract, See Full Text

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.251-271
• /
• 2020

Diversity and community composition of bulb-associated fungi of Fritillaria Cirrhosae Bulbus source plants, which are used in traditional chinese medicine, in the eastern Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains, southwestern China, were estimated based on the internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequence analysis, using host plant species, geographic area, and plant phenology as variables. A total of 1,486 fungal sequences assigned to 251 operational taxonomical units (OTUs) were obtained from the bulbs. Fungal OTUs comprised 96.41% Ascomycotina, 3.52% Basidiomycotina, and 0.07% Zygomycotina. Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales, and Nectriaceae were the most frequent fungal lineages at each taxonomic rank. Fusarium, Ilyonectria, Tetracladium, Leptodontidium, and Tomentella were the top OTU-rich genera. Fusarium sp. 03, Ilyonectria rufa, Fusarium sp. 08, Ilyonectria sp. 03, and Leptodontidium orchidicola 03 represented the most frequent OTUs. Fusarium spp. were the most frequent general taxa. The distribution of fungal community exhibited preferences for host plant species, geographic area, and plant phenology. These findings are the foundation of our research on culturing and active metabolites of bulb-associated fungi of Fritillaria Cirrhosae Bulbus source plants.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.278-282
• /
• 2017

Maize is one of the most cultivated cereals as a staple food in the world. The harvested maize is mainly stored after drying, but its quality and nutrition could be debased by fungal spoilage and mycotoxin contamination. In this study, we surveyed mycotoxin contamination fungal infection of maize kernels that were stored for almost one year after harvest in 2015. The amount of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone detected were higher than the other mycotoxin, such as aflatoxin, ochratoxin, fumonisin and T-2 toxin. In particular, level of deoxynivalenol was detected as $1200{\pm}610{\mu}g/kg$ in small size kernels, which was four to six times higher than the large and the medium size kernels. Moreover, the amount of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and fumonisin were increased with discolored kernels. 10 species including Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. were isolated from the maize kernels. F. graminearum was predominant in the discolored kernels with detection rates of 60% (red) and 40% (brown). Our study shows that the mycotoxin contents of stored maize can be increased by discolored maize kernels mixed. Therefore elimination of the contaminated maize kernels will help prevent fungal infection and mycotoxin contamination in stored maize.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.65-73
• /
• 1988

T-2 toxin is one of mycotoxins produced by fungi such as Fusarium spp. and possesses a potent cytotoxicity to eukaryotic cell. The contamination of mycotoxins in cereals and feedstuffs is one of the great concerns in health authorities. Therefore, the development of the specific, sensitive and simplified analysis method for T -2 toxin is required. During more than ten years, several chemical and biological analysis methods were proposed and applied for the detection and quantification of T-2 toxin. TLC, GLC-FID and GC-MS are widely employed, but these methods required numerous clean-up procedures before analysis, and the detection limit for T-2 toxin is more than 10 ppb. Biological analysis methods with dermal tissues and cultured cells are not specific to T-2 toxin, since T-2 toxin and other related derivatives possess a similar toxicological activity although their relative activity is different each otber. Based on tbe specific reaction between antibody and antigen, the authors tried to introduce the immunochemical methods for determination of T-2 toxin. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method using monoclonal antibody for T-2 toxin was applied to analyse T-2 toxin. The detection limit of T-2 toxin by ELISA method was 0.1 ppb. The correlation between ELISA and GC-MS method on these samples was very high. ELISA method developed for the detection and quantification of T -2 toxin in this paper possesses simplicity, high sensitivity and specific for T-2 toxin. Furthermore, the ELISA method with T-2 toxin monoclonal antibody was an excellent tool for the screening of Fusarium spp. which was suspected to produce T-2 toxin.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2014.10a
• /
• pp.47-47
• /
• 2014

Dokdo island is located in the northeastern part of Ulleungdo, known as volcanic island. In total, 53 fungal isolates were isolated from Dokdo island soil sample, using dilution plate technique. The isolates were identified on the basis of morphological characteristics and rDNA ITS sequence analysis. Out of them, 41 isolates were identified at the level of species. The dominant fungal species and genera included Fusarium spp., Mucor sp., Clonostachys spp., and Trichoderma sp. The % sequence identity (the number of matches/the complete alignment length) values via NCBI BLAST searching of EML-IF9, EML-MF30-1 and EML-DDSF4 represented 97.19% (485/499) with Clonostachys cf. rosea (GenBank accession no. KC313107), 98.33% (472/480) with Metarhizium guizhouense (GenBank accession no. HM055445), and 100% (350/350) with Mortierella oligospora (GenBank accession no. JX976032), respectively. Three species of C. rosea, M. guizhouense and M. oligospora represented new records of fungi from Dokdo island, Korea. The antimicrobial activities of the fungal strains varied with tested. Two isolates (EML-MFS30-1 and EML-IF9) showed antifungal activity against several fungi including Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizotonia solani. Clonostachys rosea (EML-IF9) showed strong hydrolytic enzyme activity. Our results showed that the antagonistic fungi including Clonostachys rosea will be used as potential biocontrol agents for control of fungal diseases.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.204-209
• /
• 2002

Andhra Pradesh is one of the major groundnut growing states in India. A total of 182 groundnut samples collected at harvesting from farmers fields in five districts, namely; Anantapur, Chittoor, Cuddapah, Kurnool, and Mahaboobnagar, during 1999 and 2000 rainy seasons were evaluated for the presence of mycotoxins (both aflatoxins and zearalenone) and toxigenic fungi. In samples collected from each district, average seed infection by Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium spp. was 11.9-18.3% and 5.6-12.8% in 1999, and 9.5-14.1% and 9.4-11.9% in 2000, respectively. Among the samples collected, 20.3% and 16.5% were contaminated with aflatoxin in 1999 and 2000, respectively, and in 11.4% and 8.7% of the seed samples collected in two seasons, the aflatoxin content was >30 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg. An alarming aflatoxin content of 851.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg was found in samples collected from Anantapur district during the rainy season in 1999. Zearalenone was not detected in any of the samples collected in 1999, while 2 out of 103 samples collected in 2000 were contaminated with 35.1 and 129.4$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg. Under in vitro cultural conditions, 35.8% of the 173 A. flavus isolates collected from the groundnut samples produced aflatoxins at concentrations of 94.3-1598.6 ng/$\textrm{m}{\ell}$ and 3% of the 266 Fusarium spp. isolates produced 98.1-847.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g of zearalenone. The results emphasize the need for a more systematic and regular monitoring of pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination.