• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.226-230
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• 1983

Two patients with funnel chest deformity were corrected at the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Chungnam National University Hospital . The first case was 11 year old boy, suffering from exertional dyspnea with asymmetrical funnel chest deformity, of which hollow cavity was measured 80 ml of water. The second case was 6 year old boy, suffering from frequent upper respiratory tract infection with symmetrical funnel chest deformity, of which hollow cavity was measured 50 ml of water. These two cases were corrected by Ravitch method, left lower lobectomy was performed concurrently on the first case. The result was satisfactory.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1968

A case of funnel chest associated with von-Recklinghousen`s disease of the skin who was treated surgically under the method of sternoturn-over at the 63rd Army Hospital, Republic of Korea Army, is presented with review of the literature.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.707-714
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• 1986

Funnel chest is the most common deformity of the sternum. It is characterized by a funnel shaped depression of the sternum with sharp angulation and lengthening of the costal cartilages, with the result that the cartilages point posteriorly. We have experienced with eight cases of funnel chest for 2 years recently, and they were corrected by the method of Ravitch operation with or without Kirschner`s wire. The postoperative course was uneventful. And now we report these with literature review.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.153-162
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• 1974

Four patients with funnel chest deformity corrected in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital are presented. The first case was a 21-year old female with cyanosis, clubbed fingers and systolic murmur on the left infrascapular region on physical examination associated with agenesis of the right lung. The deformity was of asymmetrical funnel chest, in which the left hemithorax was more sunken. She was corrected by the method of Funnel Costoplasty of Wada. The second case was a three years old boy whose anterior chest wall was symmetrically deformed, and he was corrected by the method of Ravitch using Adkins strut under the sternum. The third was a 22-year old man with symmetrical deformity, and was corrected by the method described by Shannon in 1973. The last patient was a 22-year old man and he had dyspnea on exertion, palpitation and apical systolic murmur with symmetrical funnel chest deformity. He was also corrected by Ravitch operation, All of them has excellent result.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.969-971
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• 1993

The sternal turnover has a limited use in an asymmetrical funnel chest. However we tried `One-half sternal turnover` as a new operative approach for an asymmetrical funnel chest. Through the bilateral submammary skin incision, median sternotomy was made from xiphoid process to midsternum and extended horizontally. The segment of ribs were cut at the angle of depression. The en-bloc resected chest wall segment contained one-half sternum as well as a part of ribs and left half of rectus muscle. After turning over the en-bloc segment, reapproximation with wiring was done. Sternotomy wound was closed in layer after placing of substernal drainage tube. Postoperatively, the chest wall was stable and the recovery course was uneventful except left-sided minimal pneumothorax which was cured spontaneaously. The patient was discharged on postoperative 14th day.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.303-307
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• 1982

Two patients with funnel chest deformity were corrected in the department of Thoracic Surgery, N.M.C. The first case was a 12 months old male suffering from recurrent upper respiratory tract infection and symmetrical funnel chest deformity, of which hollow cavity was measured 40 ml of water. He was corrected by method of sternal turnover. The result was satisfactory. The second case was a 16 years old male suffering from exertional dyspnea, recurrent upper respiratory tract infection, wheezing sound [esp., at night], and asymmetrical funnel chest deformity, of which hollow cavity was measured 80 ml of water. He was corrected by modified Ravitch method. Until postoperative 4 months, result was satisfactory. Thereafter, respiratory wheezing, exertional dyspnea and chest wall deformity were returned to pre-operative status.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.837-843
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• 1992

The most common deformity of the sternum is the depression deformity, variously calid pectus Excavatum, funnel chest, schwusterbrust, trichterburst, thorax en entonnoir. During the period 1983 to 1991 a total of 15 cases of funnel chest were treated surgically at Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital. The age at the time of operation ranged from 4 to 26 years 73.3 percent of the patients were under 12 years of age They all had symptoms of feeling Inferiority about chest deformity. The concavity on the funnel chest varied in its Extent, and the severity, which was measured by water volume filled into it, varied from 45ml to 100ml. We have Experienced 15 cases of pectus Exc-avatum with several operative method, i.e., Ravitch operation in 2 cases, Taguchi operation in 3 cases[using by Both IMA], Adkins operation in 5 cases, Modified wada operation [sternal costal cartilage Elevation Technique] in 5 cases. After surgery, follow up vertebral Index showed 44%, preoperatively and 29% postoperatively, average decrement of 15%. We Reported 15 cases of funnel chest and the surgical results of thease cases were satisfactory Except one case of Ravitch operation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.218-220
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• 1995

This 51 years old male patient was admitted to the department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery via OPD because of anterior chest pain. 7days before admission, He got the chest trauma after traffic accidents,the lateral chest roentgenogram showed complete transverse sternal fracture. He also complained of mild dyspnea. We also noticed that he had depressed anterior chest wall. It looks like funnel chest. The operative findings revealed dislocated & callus formations at the both 4th and 5th costochondral junction and transverse fracture of sternal body between 4th and 5th costochondral junction, the upper end of sternal fracture was situated below the lower end of sternal fracture. The two ends of sternal fracture were situated at the same level and reapproximated the two ends by two-interrupted wire sutures. The patient is well on the road to recovery after the operation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.806-811
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• 2000

Background : The authors have modified the method of Ravitch technique. Material and Method ; This technique was applied to 6 patients out of 18 patients who underwent corrective surgery from May 1987 to July 1999. The technique is quite different from that of Ravitch. We did not divide the intercostal muscle bundles from the laterals of sternum and the Akin's struts were placed retrosternally crossing the chest horizontally to prevent flail motion during immediate post-operative period and retraction of the sternum afterwards. Anterior sternal osteotomy instead of the posterior one was performed for the latest 3 cases which made operative procedure more simple and easy. The struts were removed one year later. Result : Compared to the hospital stay of the patients who received standard Ravitch method that of the six cases who received our modification was definitely shortened from 13.1 days to 8.3 days(p<0.0000). Flail motion was not noted in any patient and chest wall stability was obtained more easily with this technique. Conclusion : Our modification is recommendable for correction of funnel chest in regards to shorter operation time better chest wall stability shorter hospital stay and less complication.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1977

Two patients with funnel chest deformity corrected in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Korea University Hospital are presented. The first case was a 21 year old male suffering from exertional dyspnea and recurrent upper respiratory tract infection with asymmetrical funnel Chest deformity, which the hollow cavity was measured 250ml of water. He was corrected by Ravitch method. The result was uneventful. The second case was a 34 year old male with symmetrical and asymptomatic deformity which the hollow cavity was measured 45ml of water. He was corrected by the method of sternal turnover [Wada Method]. On postoperative 8th day, seroma was noted in subxiphoid space and followed secondary infection of the pseudomonas. So, the infected cartilages were resected and curetted. The result was uneventful.