• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.441-452
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• 2020

The assessment of the river environment is widely applied as a method to establish the purpose and direction of river rehabilitation projects. This includes surveying and assessing the current state of the river environment and determining whether a previous river project was properly executed. The city of Seoul executed ecological river rehabilitation activities for the tributaries of the Han River from the 2000s following a masterplan to recover the physical shape and ecological functionality of damaged rivers. After the rehabilitation activities, the river environment had been changed substantially. In this study, physical properties, water quality properties, and ecological properties were assessed for 28 tributaries underthe control of the city of Seoul, and then those 3 properties were synthetically reassessed. From the result of the study on the physical properties, it was found that mostrivers had II-III grades. As for water quality properties, rivers had III-IV grades. The damaged rivers showed low grades of D-E based on the Aquatic Ecosystem Health evaluation. Accordingly, we concluded that all rivers of Seoul City have an unhealthy environment in terms of water quality and Aquatic Ecosystem Health, therefore it is regarded that long-term and systematic improvements are required.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.37-47
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• 2011

In the recent years, malicious codes called malware are having shown significant increase due to the code obfuscation to evade detection mechanisms. When the code obfuscation technique is applied to malwares, they can change their instruction sequence and also even their signature. These malwares which have same functionality and different appearance are able to evade signature-based AV products. Thus, AV venders paid large amount of cost to analyze and classify malware for generating the new signature. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for detecting metamorphic malwares. The proposed mechanism first converts malware's API call sequences to call graph through dynamic analysis. After that, the callgraph is converted to semantic signature using 128 abstract nodes. Finally, we extract all subgraphs and analyze how similar two malware's behaviors are through subgraph similarity. To validate proposed mechanism, we use 273 real-world malwares include obfuscated malware and analyze 10,100 comparison results. In the evaluation, all metamorphic malwares are classified correctly, and similar module behaviors among different malwares are also discovered.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.146-153
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• 2022

Purpose: In the case of domestic port facilities, port structures that have been in use for a long time have many problems in terms of safety performance and functionality due to the enlargement of ships, increased frequency of use, and the effects of natural disasters due to climate change. A big data analysis method was studied to develop an approximate model that can predict the aging pattern of a port facility based on the maintenance history data of the port facility. Method: In this study, member-level maintenance history data for caisson-type quay walls were collected, defined as big data, and based on the data, a predictive approximation model was derived to estimate the aging pattern and deterioration of the facility at the project level. A state-based aging pattern prediction model generated through Gaussian process (GP) and linear interpolation (SLPT) techniques was proposed, and models suitable for big data utilization were compared and proposed through validation. Result: As a result of examining the suitability of the proposed method, the SLPT method has RMSE of 0.9215 and 0.0648, and the predictive model applied with the SLPT method is considered suitable. Conclusion: Through this study, it is expected that the study of predicting performance degradation of big data-based facilities will become an important system in decision-making regarding maintenance.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.23-34
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• 2009

In the railroad rolling stock depot, long-term maintenance tasks is done regularly every two or four year basis to maintain the functionality of equipments and rolling stock body or for the repair operation of the heavily damaged rolling stocks by fatal accidents. This paper addresses the computer simulation model building for the rolling stock maintenance shop for the CDC(Commuter Diesel Car) and Generator Car planned to be constructed at Daejon Rolling Stock Depot, which will be moved from Yongsan Rolling Stock Depot. We evaluated the processing capacity of two layout design alternatives based on the maintenance process chart through the developed simulation models. The performance measures are the number of processed cars per year, the cycle time, shop utilization, work in process and the average number waiting car for input. The simulation result shows that one design alternative outperforms another design alternative in every aspect and superior design alternative can process total 340 number of trains per year 15% more than the proposed target within the current average cycle time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.1604-1611
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• 2011

In this study we assessed the effects of gamma irradiation (50 kGy) on cookies to which was added various concentrations (1%, 3%, 5%, 7%) of hot water extract from seamustad (Undaria pinnatifida) sporophylls (WEUS) for future industry use. The pH of the dough went down significantly with the addition of WEUS. However, density was not related to that. The spread ratio of the cookies increased significantly as more WEUS was added to the cookie recipe, and cookies containing gamma-irradiated extract were taller than non-irradiated cookies with the same concentration. The loss rate of cookies was the same between control and experiment groups. On the other hand, the leavening rate significantly increased upon the addition of WEUS, and gamma-irradiated cookies were higher than non-irradiated cookies in the same concentration. The L value of cookies was much reduced with higher WEUS content, but the b value showed no significant differences between the control and experiment groups. The a value showed no significant difference for non-irradiated groups, but did for gamma-irradiated groups. Upon the addition of WEUS, hardness was shown to be higher than the control. The antioxidant activity, DPPH radical scavenging, was significantly higher with the control cookies, and upon the addition of WEUS, the gamma-irradiated cookies had higher antioxidant effects than non-irradiated cookies. The sensory evaluation showed that cookies made with WEUS have a positive impact in color, smell, taste, texture, and overall acceptability, but the sensory evaluation worsened with a lot of WEUS. The results of acceptability were higher in cookies with 3% the non-irradiated group and 1% the gamma-irradiated group. These results suggest that the 1% gamma-irradiated group was in the best condition to use in the industry since just a little of it makes exceptional quality, sensory properties, and functionality.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 2003

In order to establish the enzymatic hydrolysis system improving of taste and flavor in the preparation of soy protein hydrolysates using the enzymes with excellent hydrolytic ability and different hydrolysis pattern of soy protein, Degree of hydrolysis(DH) and surface hydrophobicity under the optimal conditions of enzyme reaction, hydrolysis patterns by the SDS electrophoresis and sensory evaluation of soy protein hydrolysates by enzyme reactions were investigated. Four enzyme reactions were highly activated at pH 7.0, 45$^{\circ}C$ under the optimal conditions. As result of changes on the pattern of soy-protein hydrolysates by SDS-electrophoresis, high molecular peptides of hydrolysates by No. 5(Mucor circinelloides M5) and No. 16(Bacillus megaterium B16) enzymes were slowly decrease and 66KD band of these were remained after 3hours reaction. Production of low molecular peptides of hydrolysates by No. 4(Aspergillus oryzae M4) and No. 95(Bacillus subtilis YG 95) enzymes were remarkably detected during the proceeding reactions. As results of HPLC analysis, low molecular peptides of 15∼70KD were mainly appeared during the proceeding enzyme reactions. And, the more DH was increased, the more SDS-surface hydrophobicity was decreased. Hydrolysates by No. 4 enzyme was not only the highest DH of all hydrolysates, but the strongest bitter taste in a sensory evaluation. Sweat taste among the hydrolysates showed little difference. But, when combinative enzymes were treated, combinative enzyme of No. 4(Aspergillus oryzae M4)and No. 16(Bacillus megaterium B16) showed the strongest sweat taste. In conclusion, we assumed that it will be possible to prepare the hydrolysates having functionality when soy-protein were hydrolyzed by these specific enzymes.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.22 no.4 s.94
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• pp.535-544
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• 2006

Kimchi is well Down for its taste and health function. However, recently Kimchi consumption has been falling because of its salty taste, spice flavor and pungency. This study was aimed to prepare a less salty and more mildly flavored Kimchi with the addition of tomato which contains a red color similar to that of the hot pepper used in traditional kimchi preparation has functionality. The pH, total acidity, color, texture, microbes, sugar, salt, Na and K content of the tomato kimchi were measured. The total amount of phenolic compounds of the tomato kimchi was five times higher than that of traditional kimchi without tomato. A sensory evaluation of the tomato kimchi demonstrated its higher acceptability in overall color, fresh flavor and hot taste but no difference in acidity compared to the traditional kimchi.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47
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• pp.63-94
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• 2002

On the purpose to suggest an advanced scheme in assessing the domestic wheat quality, this paper reviewed the inspection systems of wheat in major wheat producing countries as well as the quality criteria which are being used in wheat grading and classification. Most wheat producing countries are adopting both classifications of class and grade to provide an objective evaluation and an official certification to their wheat. There are two main purposes in the wheat classification. The first objectives of classification is to match the wheat with market requirements to maximize market opportunities and returns to growers. The second is to ensure that payments to glowers aye made on the basis of the quality and condition of the grain delivered. Wheat classes has been assigned based on the combination of cultivation area, seed-coat color, kernel and varietal characteristics that are distinctive. Most reputable wheat marketers also employ a similar approach, whereby varieties of a particular type are grouped together, designed by seed coat colour, grain hardness, physical dough properties, and sometimes more precise specification such as starch quality, all of which are genetically inherited characteristics. This classification in simplistic terms is the categorization of a wheat variety into a commercial type or style of wheat that is recognizable for its end use capabilities. All varieties registered in a class are required to have a similar end-use performance that the shipment be consistent in processing quality, cargo to cargo and year to year, Grain inspectors have historically determined wheat classes according to visual kernel characteristics associated with traditional wheat varieties. As well, any new wheat variety must not conflict with the visual distinguishability rule that is used to separate wheats of different classes. Some varieties may possess characteristics of two or more classes. Therefore, knowledge of distinct varietal characteristics is necessary in making class determinations. The grading system sets maximum tolerance levels for a range of characteristics that ensure functionality and freedom from deleterious factors. Tests for the grading of wheat include such factors as plumpness, soundness, cleanliness, purity of type and general condition. Plumpness is measured by test weight. Soundness is indicated by the absence or presence of musty, sour or commercially objectionable foreign odors and by the percentage of damaged kernels that ave present in the wheat. Cleanliness is measured by determining the presence of foreign material after dockage has been removed. Purity of class is measured by classification of wheats in the test sample and by limitation for admixtures of different classes of wheat. Moisture does not influence the numerical grade. However, it is determined on all shipments and reported on the official certificate. U.S. wheat is divided into eight classes based on color, kernel Hardness and varietal characteristics. The classes are Durum, Hard Red Spring, Hard Red Winter, Soft Red Winter, Hard White, soft White, Unclassed and Mixed. Among them, Hard Red Spring wheat, Durum wheat, and Soft White wheat are further divided into three subclasses, respectively. Each class or subclass is divided into five U.S. numerical grades and U.S. Sample grade. Special grades are provided to emphasize special qualities or conditions affecting the value of wheat and are added to and made a part of the grade designation. Canadian wheat is also divided into fourteen classes based on cultivation area, color, kernel hardness and varietal characteristics. The classes have 2-5 numerical grades, a feed grade and sample grades depending on class and grading tolerance. The Canadian grading system is based mainly on visual evaluation, and it works based on the kernel visual distinguishability concept. The Australian wheat is classified based on geographical and quality differentiation. The wheat grown in Australia is predominantly white grained. There are commonly up to 20 different segregations of wheat in a given season. Each variety grown is assigned a category and a growing areas. The state governments in Australia, in cooperation with the Australian Wheat Board(AWB), issue receival standards and dockage schedules annually that list grade specifications and tolerances for Australian wheat. AWB is managing "Golden Rewards" which is designed to provide pricing accuracy and market signals for Australia's grain growers. Continuous payment scales for protein content from 6 to 16% and screenings levels from 0 to 10% based on varietal classification are presented by the Golden Rewards, and the active payment scales and prices can change with market movements.movements.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.29-39
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• 2011

Recent interests in the quality of urban space have raised awareness on the role and importance of landscape planning. Although laws and guidelines are officially ready to be imposed as for landscape planning, we do not have concrete materials that can be utilized in the course of practices. The aim of this paper in this regard is to disclose the possible difference in awareness on 'visual landscape control elements' among experts engaged with urban space planning. The expert groups are distinguished to three which are for a planning, design and engineering and the survey is made by questionnaires. The results are analyzed through basic technology statistics in SPSS and independent-sample t-test provided. The survey is done by tens of 'control elements' and the result is that specially, group 1 and group 2 in mixed landscape has the most discrepancy in awareness on those elements but relatively, they has less discrepancy in awareness on compare with other groups through all landscape area. In case of artificial landscape and mixed landscape in 'landscape controled area', the result for comparing between G1 and G2 is that there are the most discrepancy in awareness which are 7 control elements. In case of mixed landscape in 'landscape promoted area', there are 4 control elements for discrepancy in awareness between G2 and G3 which is quite different. The control elements which show the most discrepancy in awareness is height, floor space and building to land ratio in order. The shape elements has only discrepancy in awareness for comparing between G1 and G2 of artificial landscape in 'landscape controled area'. In terms of the average evaluation score of the appropriateness of these control elements, G1 seems to appreciate the role of these elements in systematic landscape planning more than the other group does. In other words, relatively low scores are given by G2 as for the overall functionality of visual landscape control elements. The texture, floor space and building of land ratio has low evaluation score for all area and types. It means that it should reverify for appropriateness of performance for landscape planning as visual landscape control elements.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to derive a desirable riverfront construction plan to me for the activities of citizens through the evaluation and analysis of the urban riverfront space from the perspective of universal design. Therefore, previous studies were examined in order to induce evaluation tools that bhve been grafted from the universal design concept; in addition, a field survey was conducted in Shincheon, Daegu, which was selected as the study target, in order to induce problems and improvement directions from the perspective of universal design. The major results can be summarized as follows. (1) In the 'fairness' aspect, all the items such as installation of integrated functional signage, showing pictures, symbols, foreign language signs, and restroom entrances signage were determined to be 'All Unsuitable' for all sections; and therefore, it is necessary to improve the fairness of usage for everybody. (2) In the 'Functionality(Usability)' aspect, all items such as installation of bicycle paths beside access roads, installation of integrated functional signs, and night light signs were determined to be 'All Unsuitable' for all sections; therefore, it is necessary to improve the functionalities of these facilities. (3) In the 'Convenience' aspect, all items such as the installation of bicycle parking areas, continuous rest facilities, and back and ann support(handles) at resting facilities were determined to be 'All Unsuitable' for many sections; therefore, it is necessary to improve these facilities for the convenience of usage. (4) In the 'Information(Recognizability)' aspect, all items such as showing pictures, symbols, foreign languages and installation of night light signs, and restroom entrances signage were determined to be 'All Unsuitable' for all sections; therefore, it is necessary to improve the recognizability to minimize misunderstandings and confusion. (5) In the 'Safety' aspect, all items such as the installation of safe pedestrian paths in parking areas, using anti-slip and shock absorption materials on restroom floors, and the continuous installation of pedestrian paths that are separate from bicycle paths were determined to be 'All Unsuitable' for all sections; therefore, it is necessary to improve the safety to prevent accidents. (6) In the 'Amenity' aspect, access roads, parking areas, hygiene facilities, convenience facilities, and waterside facilities for many sections were determined to be 'All Unsuitable'; therefore, it is necessary to conduct more concentrated hygiene management. (7) In the 'Accessibility(Mobility)' aspect, all items such as the installation of safe pedestrian paths in parking areas, and continuous pedestrian paths that are separate from bicycle paths were determined to be 'All Unsuitable' for all sections; therefore, it is necessary to improve the accessibility to provide safety and convenience. (8) In the 'Durability' aspect, access roads, parking areas, rest facilities, convenience facilities, fitness facilities, and waterside facilities were determined to be 'All Unsuitable' for many sections, therefore, it is necessary to improve sunken or damaged areas by inspecting facilities by section.