• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제66권
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• pp.81-89
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the potential enhancement of the flavonoid contents from Agastache rugosa, which can be obtained as raw materials for functional products in the food medicine industry by identifying important factors for efficient preparation to save costs and time in terms of economic factors. For this reason, response surface methodology using Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the extraction conditions for the maximum yield of seven major compounds from A. rugosa. The optimum conditions were obtained with an ethanol concentration of 60.0%, a temperature of 50 ℃, and an extraction time of 33.6 min, meaning that the regression analysis fits the experimental data well. Under these conditions, the seven major compounds 1-7 had observed values of 2.169, 2.135, 0.697, 2.485, 0.105, 1.247, and 0.551%, respectively. These results show that the observed values are in good agreement with the predicted values in the regression model. This process for optimization study exhibited a basic protocol for obtaining stable ingredients from A. rugosa that are appropriate for the development of effective functional products.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.54.1-54.16
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to synthesize nanocrystals (NCs) of zinc oxide (ZnO) and calcium ion (Ca²⁺)-doped ZnO with different percentages of calcium oxide (CaO), to evaluate cytotoxicity and to assess the effects of the most promising NCs on cytotoxicity depending on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Materials and Methods: Nanomaterials were synthesized (ZnO and ZnO:xCa, x = 0.7; 1.0; 5.0; 9.0) and characterized using X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and methylene blue degradation. SAOS-2 and RAW 264.7 were treated with NCs, and evaluated for viability using the MTT assay. NCs with lower cytotoxicity were maintained in contact with LPS-stimulated (+LPS) and nonstimulated (-LPS) human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). Cell viability, nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were evaluated. Cells kept in culture medium or LPS served as negative and positive controls, respectively. One-way analysis of variance and the Dunnett test (α = 0.05) were used for statistical testing. Results: ZnO:0.7Ca and ZnO:1.0Ca at 10 ㎍/mL were not cytotoxic to SAOS-2 and RAW 264.7. +LPS and -LPS hDPCs treated with ZnO, ZnO:0.7Ca, and ZnO:1.0Ca presented similar NO production to negative control (p > 0.05) and lower production compared to positive control (p < 0.05). All NCs showed reduced ROS production compared with the positive control group both in +LPS and -LPS cells (p < 0.05). Conclusions: NCs were successfully synthesized. ZnO, ZnO:0.7Ca and ZnO:1.0Ca presented the highest percentages of cell viability, decreased ROS and NO production in +LPS cells, and maintenance of NO production at basal levels.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.569-578
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Fermentation can increase functional compounds in fermented soybean products, thereby improving antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory activities. We investigated the changes in the contents of phenolics and isoflavones, antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity of Doenjang during fermentation and aging. MATERIALS/METHODS: Doenjang was made by inoculating Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus licheniformis in soybeans, fermenting and aging for 1, 3, 6, 8, and 12 months (D1, D3, D6, D8, and D12). Doenjang was extracted using ethanol, and sequentially fractioned by hexane, dichloromethane (DM), ethylacetate (EA), n-butanol, and water. The contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and isoflavones, 2,2-diphenyl-1 picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were measured. Anti-inflammatory effects in terms of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin (PG) E2 and pro-inflammatory cytokine production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expressions were also measured using LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. RESULTS: Total phenolic and flavonoid contents showed a gradual increase during fermentation and 6 months of aging and were sustained thereafter. DPPH radical scavenging activity and FRAP were increased by fermentation. FRAP was further increased by aging, but DPPH radical scavenging activity was not. Total isoflavone and glycoside contents decreased during fermentation and the aging process, while aglycone content and its proportion increased up to 3 or 6 months of aging and then showed a slow decrease. DM and EA fractions of Doenjang showed much higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and DPPH radical scavenging activity than the others. At $100{\mu}g/mL$, DM and EA fractions of D12 showed strongly suppressed NO production to 55.6% and 52.5% of control, respectively, and PGE2 production to 25.0% and 28.3% of control with inhibition of iNOS or COX-2 protein expression in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: Twelve month-aged Doenjang has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities with high levels of phenolics and isoflavone aglycones, and can be used as a beneficial food for human health.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1635-1644
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• 2018

Asterias amurensis (starfish) is a marine organism that is harmful to the fishing industry, but is also a potential source of functional materials. The present study was conducted to analyze the profiles of fatty acids extracted from A. amurensis tissues and their anti-inflammatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophage cells. In different tissues, the component ratios of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids differed; particularly, polyunsaturated fatty acids such as dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (20:3n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) were considerably different. In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, fatty acids from A. amurensis skin, gonads, and digestive glands exhibited anti-inflammatory activities by reducing nitric oxide production and inducing nitric oxide synthase gene expression. Asterias amurensis fatty acids effectively suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, interleukin-$1{\beta}$, and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells. Cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin $E_2$, which are critical inflammation biomarkers, were also significantly suppressed. Furthermore, A. amurensis fatty acids reduced the phosphorylation of nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ p-65, p38, extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, indicating that these fatty acids ameliorated inflammation through the nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. These results provide insight into the anti-inflammatory mechanism of A. amurensis fatty acids on immune cells and suggest that the species is a potential source of anti-inflammatory molecules.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.172-176
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• 2011

This study was aimed to verify suppressive effect of pine-needle extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. In order to evaluate suppressive effect on iNOS expression, RAW 264.7 cells were stably transfected using an iNOS promoterluciferase reporter plasmid yielding RAW 264.7/pGL2-NeomiNOS_ pro11 cells. Established in vitro detection system revealed to diminish LPS-induced iNOS expression by 0.1~500 ${\mu}g/mL$ of saponin at the concentration-dependant manner. Pine needle extract also diminished LPS-induced iNOS expression to 92 and 88% at 500 and 50 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. These results suggest that the in vitro detection system developed here could be useful for the verification of suppressive materials on iNOS expression and pine needle extract could be used for the development of functional foods.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.34-42
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• 2016

In this study, we classified three copying papers and Korean, Chinese, and Japanese traditional papers using IR and/or NIR spectra and principal component analysis. Various chemicals are used when producing fine papers. In this case, the IR method to analyze functional groups is suitable for the classification of paper. On the other hand, NIR analysis is more suitable for the classification of traditional papers, as it uses nearly raw materials (pulp). Therefore, principal component analysis using IR and NIR depending on the paper production process will be the classification tool of paper.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.195-200
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• 2007

The most important part of RIMS(Rolling Stock Information Maintenance System) project is to construct BOM(Bill of Material). BOM is a listing or description of raw materials, parts, and assemblies that define a product. To construct BOM for RIMS is not a easy task due to several reasons such as data base scale and flexibility, proper integration between physical BOM and functional BOM, interoperability with other systems, etc. In this study we show several principles that Seoul Metro takes to get over the difficulties mentioned above. Based on these principles we propose the methodology Seoul Metro employs to construct BOM efficiently. We also discuss the applicability of BOM in several fields.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2000

This study on the incineration ash and sintering pellet from sewage sludge was carried out to evaluate the possibility of recycling in sewage sludge disposal. The samples used in this experiment were raw sewage sludge, its incineration ash, and sintering pellet. The characteristics of the three sample types were identified using X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray fluorescence(XRF), atomic absorption spectroscopy(AAS), and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy(ICP). The chemical compositions of all three sample types were similar in their clay component, however, the sewage sludge had a high content of organic materials. From an analysis of the mineral content of the three sample types, the conversion of their compositions was found to be relative to temperature. Accordingly, incineration ash and sintering pellet both have potential for use as a functional construction material.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.96-101
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• 2002

Rapid Prototyping (RP) technology has been advanced to fabricate initial prototypes from various materials. Stratasys′ Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one of the typical RP processes that provide functional prototypes of ABS plastic. In order to predict the behavior of final ABS parts, it is critical to understand the material properties of the raw FDM process material, and the effect that FDM build parameters have on the FDM part. In this paper, we seek to characterize the properties of ABS parts fabricated by the FDM 1650. Using the Design of Experiment (DOE) approach, the process parameters of FDM, such as raster orientation, air gap, bead width, color, and model temperature were examined. Tensile strengths of crisscross specimens, 〔45°/-45°〕, cross specimens, 〔0°/90°〕, and directionally fabricated tensile specimens (〔0°〕 and 〔90°〕) were measured and compared with the injection molded FDM-ABS P400 material. For the FDM parts made with a -0.003"air gap, the typical tensile strength ranged between 50 percent and 83 percent of the strength of injection molded ABS P400. From the experiments, a couple of build rules for designing FDM parts were obtained.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.239-260
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• 2000

The raw materials requiring new technology have been introduced to the market as highly functional cosmetics have been popularized recently. The doublesphere which is the new capsulation is thus born. The deublesphere is double-layered capsulation of which the primary film is the nanocapsulation of liposome and the secondary film is the visible capsulation. The main component of the primary film is lecithin and that of the secondary film is alginlcarrageenanslagarfcellulose. The doublesphere is characterized by that it is possible to keep active beautifying components stable and to improve the moisturizing effect, penetration power into the skin, roughness of the skin, etc. in view of its efficacy and effects since it is double-layered capsulation. The doublesphere-retinol is made in order to measure the stability, efficacy, and effects in the present study.