• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2021

Excessive salt intake induces hypertension, but several gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) supplements have been shown to reduce blood pressure. GABA-salt, a fermented salt by L. brevis BJ20 containing GABA was prepared through the post-fermentation with refined salt and the fermented GABA extract. We evaluated the effect of GABA-salt on hypertension in a high salt, high cholesterol diet induced mouse model. We analyzed type 1 macrophage (M1) polarization, the expression of M1 related cytokines, GABA receptor expression, endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, and medial thicknesses in mice model. GABA-salt attenuated diet-induced blood pressure increases, M1 polarization, and TNF-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) levels in mouse aortas, and in salt treated macrophages in vitro. Furthermore, GABA-salt induced higher GABAB receptor and endothelial NOS (eNOS) and eNOS phosphorylation levels than those observed in salt treated ECs. In addition, GABA-salt attenuated EC dysfunction by decreasing the levels of adhesion molecules (E-selectin, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 [ICAM-1], vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1]) and of von Willebrand Factor and reduced EC death. GABA-salt also reduced diet-induced reductions in the levels of eNOS, phosphorylated eNOS, VSMC proliferation and medial thickening in mouse aortic tissues, and attenuated Endothelin-1 levels in salt treated VSMCs. In summary, GABA-salt reduced high salt, high cholesterol diet induced hypertension in our mouse model by reducing M1 polarization, EC dysfunction, and VSMC proliferation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.72-80
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• 2022

In this study, the survival capacity (acid and bile salt tolerance, and adhesion to gut epithelial cells) and probiotic properties (enzyme activity-inhibition and anti-inflammatory activities, inhibition of adipogenesis, and stress hormone level reduction) of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LRCC5314, isolated from kimchi (Korean traditional fermented cabbage), were investigated. LRCC5314 exhibited very stable survival at ph 2.0 and in 0.2% bile acid with 89.9% adhesion to Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells after treatment for 2 h. LRCC5314 also inhibited the activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, which are involved in elevating postprandial blood glucose levels, by approximately 72.9% and 51.2%, respectively. Treatment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells with the LRCC5314 lysate decreased the levels of the inflammatory factors nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and interferon-γ by 88.5%, 49.3%, 97.2%, and 99.8%, respectively, relative to those of the cells treated with LPS alone. LRCC5314 also inhibited adipogenesis in differentiating preadipocytes (3T3-L1 cells), showing a 14.7% decrease in lipid droplet levels and a 74.0% decrease in triglyceride levels, as well as distinct reductions in the mRNA expression levels of adiponectin, FAS, PPAR/γ, C/EBPα, TNF-α, and IL-6. Moreover, LRCC5314 reduced the level of cortisol, a hormone with important effect on stress, by approximately 35.6% in H295R cells. L. plantarum LRCC5314 is identified as a new probiotic with excellent in vitro multifunctional properties. Subsequent in vivo studies may further demonstrate its potential as a functional food or pharmabiotic.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.332-338
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• 2012

본 연구는 논토양 경반층의 강도가 콩의 뿌리신장에 미치는 영향을 구명코자 미사질식양토 (Silty clay loam), 미사질양토 (Silt loam), 양토 (Loam) 등 3가지 토성을 대상으로 경반층 강도에 따른 콩 뿌리 및 작물 생육반응을 분석하여 논 콩 재배지 논토양의 생산성 향상을 위한 합리적인 토양경반층 관리 방법을 제시코자 수행한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 토양 경도경도 변화에 따른 콩의 생육은 토양경도가 증가 할수록 경장, 경직경, 주당협수, 100립중, 콩 수량은 감소되는 것으로 나타났으며 토양경도 변화와 밀접한 부의 선형관계를 보였다. 토성에 따른 토양 경반층 강도별 콩 뿌리의 신장 깊이는 세립질인 미사질식양토에 비해 조립질 토양일수록 깊게 신장하였으며 미사질식양토의 경우 1.00 MPa에서 35 cm 까지 신장하는 반면 2.00 MPa에서는 25 cm로 경반층의 강도가 높아질수록 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 토양 깊이별 뿌리분포는 미사질식양토의 경우 1.00 MPa에서 57%인 반면, 2.00 MPa로 토양경도 값이 높아지며 따라 각각 60%로 대부분의 뿌리가 표토에 분포하였다. 토양 경반층이 형성된 논토양 (평택통)을 대상으로 인위적으로 토양경도를 1.00, 1.25. 1.50, 1.75, 2.00 MPa의 경반층로 조성한 후 콩의 생육반응을 조사한 결과 토양경도 높아질수록 경장, 경직경, 주장협수는 낮아지는 경향을 보였으며, 콩 수량은 2.00 MPa 처리구가 2,236 kg $ha^{-1}$인 반면 1.00 MPa처리구에서 3,056 kg $ha^{-1}$으로 약 25% 증수되는 것으로 나타났다. 토양의 경반층의 투수력은 1.0 MPa에서 9.56 cm인 반면 1.5 MPa 이상에서 급격하게 감소되는 경향을 보였으며, 토양경도가 높아질수록 용적밀도, 고상은 증가하고, 공극률, 함수율, 액상, 기상 등은 반대로 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 논 콩 재배지 토양의 토성별 토양경도에 대한 콩 뿌리신장 최소제한 저항값은 토양 깊이별 뿌리의 분포밀도를 기준으로 미사질식양토 1.14 MPa, 미사질양토은 1.3MPa, 양토 1.6 MPa로 나타났다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.54-67
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• 2020

본 연구는 경기지역의 IT 분야 직장인 340명을 대상으로 일반적 특성, 직무스트레스 수준, 건강기능식품 선택속성 및 소비가치에 대한 설문 조사를 실시하였으며, 직무스트레스 수준에 따라 두 개의 집단으로 나누어 집단 간 일반적 특성, 건강기능식품 선택속성 및 소비가치의 차이를 알아보고, 직무스트레스와 건강기능식품 선택속성의 관계에 대한 건강기능식품 소비가치의 매개효과를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 대상자의 건강기능식품 선택속성과 관련하여 직무스트레스 수준이 낮은 집단이 제품의 성분, 효능의 내재적 속성을 더 고려하는 것으로 나타났다. 대상자의 건강기능식품 소비가치와 관련하여 직무스트레스 수준이 낮은 집단이 건강기능식품 복용으로 건강을 지킬 수 있다는 안정감의 감정적 가치를 중요하게 여기는 반면, 직무스트레스 수준이 높을수록 다른 사람들과 차별화된 건강기능식품 선택이 중요하다는 인지적 가치를 중요하게 여기는 것으로 나타났다. 상관관계 분석 결과, 직무스트레스 수준이 높을수록 건강기능식품 선택속성 중 내재적 속성, 건강기능식품 소비가치 중 감정적 가치 및 가격, 실용성 및 안전성을 중요하게 생각하는 기능적 가치 (p = -0.134)를 고려하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 매개효과 분석에서는 직무스트레스 수준이 내재적 속성에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 것이 아니라 기능적 가치와 감정적 가치를 통해 영향을 미치는 완전매개효과를 나타냈다. 연구 결과를 종합해보면 직무스트레스 수준이 낮을수록 건강기능식품 선택속성 및 건강기능식품 소비가치에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 직무스트레스 수준과 건강기능식품 선택속성의 관계에서 건강기능식품 소비가치 중 기능적 가치와 감정적 가치가 완전 매개효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. IT 분야 직장인들은 직업적 특성 상 지속적으로 스트레스 상황에 놓여 있으며 그로 인해 발생할 수 있는 신체적 이상을 예방하기 위한 건강기능식품 이용이 증가하고 있다. 따라서 올바른 건강기능식품 선택을 통해 효과적으로 건강을 유지할 수 있도록 건강기능식품 소비가치를 개선하기 위한 교육이 필요하다. 소비가치는 소비자의 사고 및 행위를 이끄는 판단기준의 집합으로, 교육 대상자들이 건강기능식품에 대하여 제품이 주는 이미지보다는 성분과 효능 및 안전성 등에 가치를 두고 관심을 가질 수 있도록 하는 교육이 이루어져야 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.397-405
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• 2001

The ryanodine receptor, a $Ca^{2+}$ release channel of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), is responsible for the rapid release of $Ca^{2+}$ that activates cardiac muscle contraction. In the excitation-contraction coupling cascade, activation of SR $Ca^{2+}$ release channel is initiated by the activity of sarcolemmal $Ca^{2+}$ channels, the dihydropyridine receptors. Previous study showed that the relaxation defect of diabetic heart was due to the changes of the expressional levels of SR $Ca^{2+}$ATPase and phospholamban. In the diabetic heart contractile abnormalities were also observed, and one of the mechanisms for these changes could include alterations in the expression and/or activity levels of various $Ca^{2+}$ regulatory proteins involving cardiac contraction. In the present study, underlying mechanisms for the functional derangement of the diabetic cardiomyopathy were investigated with respect to ryanodine receptor, and dihydropyridine receptor at the transcriptional and translational levels. Quantitative changes of ryanodine receptors and the dihydropyridine receptors, and the functional consequences of those changes in diabetic heart were investigated. The levels of protein and mRNA of the ryanodine receptor in diabetic rats were comparable to these of the control. However, the binding capacity of ryanodine was significantly decreased in diabetic rat hearts. Furthermore, the reduction in the binding capacity of ryanodine receptor was completely restored by insulin. This result suggests that there were no transcriptional and translational changes but functional changes, such as conformational changes of the $Ca^{2+}$ release channel, which might be regulated by insulin. The protein level of the dihydropyridine receptor and the binding capacity of nitrendipine in the sarcolemmal membranes of diabetic rats were not different as compared to these of the control. In conclusion, in diabetic hearts, $Ca^{2+}$ release processes are impaired, which are likely to lead to functional derangement of contraction of heart. This dysregulation of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration could explain for clinical findings of diabetic cardiomyopathy and provide the scientific basis for more effective treatments of diabetic patients. In view of these results, insulin may be involved in the control of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ in the cardiomyocyte via unknown mechanism, which needs further study.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.769-773
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• 2014

Fangchinoline (Fan) inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in several cancer cell lines. The effects of Fan on cell growth and proliferation in breast cancer cells remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that Fan inhibited cell proliferation in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line through suppression of the AKT/Gsk-3beta/cyclin D1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, Fan induced apoptosis by increasing the expression of Bax (relative to Bcl-2), active caspase 3 and cytochrome-c. Fan significantly inhibited cell proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells in a concentration and time dependent manner as determined by MTT assay. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that Fan treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, which correlated with apparent downregulation of both mRNA and protein levels of both PCNA and cyclin D1. Further analysis demonstrated that Fan decreased the phosphorylation of AKT and GSK-3beta. In addition, Fan up-regulated active caspase3, cytochrome-c protein levels and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, accompanied by apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that Fan is a potential natural product for the treatment of breast cancer.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.255-265
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate comfort levels of functional and non-functional chairs using subjective comfort rating, interface pressure measurement, muscle activity measurement, and skin temperature measurement. Background: Chairs are used for a prolonged period of time for sitting in many places such as the office, at university, at school, in industry, and so on. Almost all people use chairs in their everyday life. The functional properties of the chair are associated with comfort. Method: The subjective evaluation contains questions regarding chair comfort which can be rated with five point scale. The body-seat interface pressure was measured using a pressure mat system. The symmetry of sitting was measured using electromyography. The change in body part (thigh and buttock) temperature before and after sitting on a chair was measured with an infrared camera. Results: Participants rated significantly (p < 0.05) higher comfort scores for the functional chair in relation to the buttock and thigh region. Also, the participants felt a better cushion effect in the functional chair. When using the functional chair, lower interface pressure, better thermal comfort, and better symmetry of erector spinae muscle activity were observed. Conclusion: Overall, interface pressure measurement, muscle activity measurement, thermal imaging and subjective comfort score results showed that the functional chair was more comfortable than the non-functional chair. Application: The adopted methodologies could be used to measure the seating comfort of train seats.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.2531-2536
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• 2010

Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations have been employed to investigate the molecular structures and absorption spectra of two dyes containing diphenylaniline and 4-diphenylamino-diphenylaniline as donor moiety (TPA1 and TPA3). The geometries indicate that the strong conjugation is formed in the dyes. The electronic structures suggest that the intramolecular charge transfer from the donor to the acceptor occurs, and the electron-donating capability of 4-diphenylamino-diphenylaniline is stronger than that of diphenylaniline. The computed highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels are -5.31 and -4.90 eV, while the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies are -2.29 and -2.26 eV for TPA1 and TPA3, respectively, revealing that the interfacial charge transfer between the dyes and the semiconductor electrode are electron injection processes from the photon-excited dyes to the semiconductor conduction band. Furthermore, all the experimental absorption bands of TPA1 and TPA3 have been assigned according to the TDDFT calculations.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.678-693
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• 1993

The purposes of this study were to describe the level of vision and hearing impairments, depression and functional capacity, among Korean institutionalized elderly and to examine the relation-ship between sensory impairments, depression, and functional capacity in these people. The final pupose was to test the cognitive function path model using sensory competencies as predictors. A convenience sample of thirty nine male and 90 female subjects with a mean age of 80.5 were the subjects of this study. The subjects were tested for cognitive function, and vision and hearing impairments. Physical function and social function were measured by observation of designated task performance by the subjects. Their level of de-pression was measured using a Geriatric Depression Scale administered through an interview. Individual subjective ratings of hearing and vision were marked by the subjects, on a ladder scale. The results of the study showed that 48.8% of the subjects had a hearing impairment, 63.5% had a vision impairement, and 36.4% had both a vision and hearing impairement. The four sensory groups (no sensory impairement, hearing impairement, vision impairement, hearing and vision impairement) were tested for differences in depression, physical function, social behavior and cognitive function. The only significant difference that was found was in cognitive function, between the no sensory impairement group and the hearing and vision impairement group(F=3.25, P<.05), Subjective ratings of hearing showed a significant correlation with cognitive function(r=.34, p<.001) and with social behavior(r=.31, p<.001). There was no correlation between subjective vision ratings and cognitive function or social behavior. However there was a significant correlation between vision and hearing(r=.49, p<.001). There was also a significant negative correlation between age and vision(r=-.21, p<.01) and between age and hear-ing(r=-.34, p<.001). There was a significant correlation between depression and physical function (r=-.32, p<.001) but there was no correlation between depression and cognitive function or social behavior. Based on the literature review and the result, this study, a path model of sensory competence-> cognitive function- >social behavior was developed and tested : Perceived vision and perceived hearing were the exogenous variahles and cognitive function and social behavior were the endogeneous variables in the model. The path analysis result demonstrated an accept-able fit (GFI=.997, AGFI=.972, X$^2$=.72 (p=.396), RMSR=.019) between the data and the model. There was a significant direct effect($\beta$=.38) of perceived hearing on cognitive function. There was a significant direct effect ($\beta$=.32) of cognitive function on social behavior. The total effect of hearing on social behavior was $\beta$=.32 including the indirect effect ($\beta$=.12) . However perceived vsion had little effect ($\beta$=-.08) on cognitive function. The result of path analysis confirms that hearing levels influence cognitive function, and both hearing and cognitive function levels influence social behavior. However, vision has little effect on cognitive function or on social behavior. For the next study, a combined model of the pre viously developed environment - >depression- > physical and social function model, and the present cognitive function model, should be tested to further refine the functional capacity model. There also a need for longitudinal study of functional capacity and sencory competence in order to better understand how declining sensory competence influences functional capacity and how it effects in-creasing dependency and nursing needs in the elderly.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2013

Background: The purpose of this study was to realize the relations between gluteus medius, tensor fascia lata of pelvic muscles and functional leg length in women's university students. This study is examined the change of electromyographic activation on gluteus medius and tensor fascia lata according to the leg length discrepancy. Methods: All of the female of freshman and sophomore in 'D'college were gathered and separated fourteen of healthy women in two groups by functional leg length discrepancy. and The subjects divided into two groups that the difference with less than 2cm or more would have structural defects by tapeline. The electromyographic activation on the gluteus medius and tensor fascia lata muscles were recorded by surface electrodes at maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) during lunge posture. The collected datas were analyzed using Independent t-test with SPSS win19.0. Results: In intergroup comparison of electromyographic activation levels for gluteus medius and tensor fascia lata in short or long leg, the influence of electromyographic activation on tensor fascia lata is shown to be more statically higher than gluteus medius according to functional leg length discrepancy in coeds. Even though both muscles are shown to be statistically higher in comparison of electoromyographic activation levels for tensor fascia lata and gluteus medius between short leg and long leg in Group I, Differences of electoromyographic activation levels for tensor fascia lata is shown to be statistically higher than gluteus medius. Conclusion: Through this study, we realized that tensor fascia lata than the long leg, and also, tensor fascia lata is significantly effective for functional leg length discrepancy than gluteus medius. It leads to pelvic lateral instability. This means that cause tensor fascia lata to have a leg length discrepancy.