• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.570-591
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• 2018

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the correlation between gastric emptying measurement by ultrasonography and the findings of various questionnaires of functional dyspepsia (FD) or in Korean medicine to explore the possibility of quantification of questionnaires. Methods: Eighty-eight patients (44 patients with FD and 44 healthy controls) were recruited from October 2016 to November 2017. Gastric emptying half-time (T1/2) was measured by ultrasonography at fasting, and at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after meals (apple juice, 500 ml, 224 kcal). The average half-time (average T1/2) was calculated by averaging all measured half-times. A visual analogue scale (VAS), food retention questionnaire (FRQ), damum questionnaire (DQ), cold and heat questionnaire (CHQ), deficiency and excess questionnaire (DEQ), spleen-qi deficiency questionnaire (SQDQ), Nepean dyspepsia index-Korean version (NDI-K), and quality of life of NDI (NDI-QoL) were filled out by all participants. Correlation between the average T1/2 and questionnaires were analyzed for 79 patients (37 patients with FD and 42 healthy controls) after excluding missing and erroneous data. Results: The FRQ, DEQ, SQDQ, NDI-K, and NDI-QoL scores, especially for some gastrointestinal symptoms and general weakness-related symptoms, showed statistically significant correlations with average T1/2. Conclusions: Our results suggest that gastric emptying measurement by ultrasonography may be a quantitative substitute method for some Korean medical questionnaires or for some dyspepsia-related and deficiency-related items among them. However, further studies using various measurements of gastric emptying will be needed.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.125-131
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• 2002

Respiratory air flow rate is necessarily measured for the pulmonary function evaluation. The currently used devices are exposed to the problems of measurement reliability and cross-patient infection. The present study introduced a new technique which converted the bidirectional air flow rate into averaged dynamic pressure based on the famous Bernoulli's energy conservation principle. Single use plastic sensing element was assembled within the flow tube(mouth piece) made of paper, which was named "functional single use flow tube". Experiment demonstrated only ${\pm}1.5%$ relative error in the standard 3L volume measurement procedure well within the error limit suggested by the American Thoracic Society(ATS). Disposable use design completely eliminated cross-patient infection. The present device is best useful and safe for clinical respiratory air flow measurement such as spirometry.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.43-53
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• 2023

Background: Patients with neck pain develop instability due to muscle imbalance, decreased proprioception, and balance disorders. Studies have examined various exercise methods as treatment methods, but few studies have compared the effects of cervical stabilization exercise and dynamic balance exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dynamic balance exercise on pain, functional level, and psychosocial level in patients with non-specific chronic neck pain. Methods: Thirty-four non-specific chronic neck pain patients were randomly assigned to the experimental group (EG, n=17) and control group (CG, n=17); the cervical stabilization exercise and dynamic balance exercise program were applied to the EG; and only the cervical stabilization exercise program was applied to the CG. The intervention was conducted twice a week, for six weeks. Assessment items evaluated pain, dysfunction (Korean version neck disability index), range of motion, craniocervical flexion test, cervical deep flexor endurance test, and psychosocial level. Data analysis was performed using intention-to-treat analysis as assigned. To analyze differences in the items assessed in the two groups, we used a repeated measures analysis of variance with an interaction between group (EG, CG) and time point (baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks). Results: The endurance of the cervical flexor muscles between the group and the measurement point after intervention (p<.05). Both groups showed significantly improved endurance between time points after the intervention (p<.05), with the EG showing a greater change than the CG. None of the other measurement items differed in the pattern of change between measurement points. Conclusion: In conclusion, the EG applying a cervical stabilization exercise and a dynamic balance exercise experienced a significant difference in muscle endurance improvement compared to the CG. We propose an exercise intervention program that includes stabilization exercises and dynamic balance exercises for patients with chronic cervical pain who lack muscle endurance.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2024

In this paper, in order to study the relationship between the safety culture of highway management agencies and disaster reduction activities (BCMS), a measurement tool was identified through previous research on safety culture, and the validity of the measurement tool was confirmed through exploratory factor analysis. I want to check. The subjects of the study were workers belonging to disaster reduction activity management system certification organizations among highway management organizations. The highway management agencies are the Korea Expressway Corporation, which manages the functional continuity of national highways nationwide, and 8 of the 21 private road agencies that manage the functional continuity of the highways. The safety culture measurement tool is an indicator that measures safety culture factors, and is reorganized by the researcher based on survey items from previous studies, with management/manager safety values and attitudes, safety communication, safety education and training, and safety regulations/management system as subfactors. A total of 24 questions were comprised of the survey tool. As a result of the study, the result of exploratory factor analysis was that the safety culture scale was extracted into four factors based on theoretical grounds, and the total cumulative variance was 80.360%. When checking the questions for each factor, it was found that all the questions loaded on the factor that was originally intended to be measured. Factor 1 is management, factor 2 is safety, and factor 3 is communication., Factor 4 was named education. Number of questions: 4 management questions, 3 safety questions, communication It consisted of 4 questions and 2 education questions.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

Measurement of magnetic signals generated from electric activity of myocardium provides useful information for the functional diagnosis of heart diseases. Key technical component of the magnetocardiography (MCG) technology is SQUID. To measure MCG signals with high signal-to-noise ratio, sensitive SQUID magnetic field sensors are needed. Present magnetic field sensors based on Nb SQUIDs have field sensitivity good enough to measure most of MCG signals. However, for accurate measurement of fine signal pattern or detection of local atrial fibrillation signals, we may need higher field sensitivity. In addition to field sensitivity, economic aspect of the SQUID system is also important. To simplify the SQUID readout electronics, the output voltage or flux-to-voltage transfer of SQUID should be large enough so that direct measurement of SQUID output can be done using room-temperature preamplifiers. Double relaxation oscillation SQUID (DROS), having about 10 times larger flux-to-voltage transfers than those of DC-SQUIDs, was shown to be a good choice to make the electronics compact. For effective cancellation of external noise inside a thin economic shielded room, first-order axial gradiometer with high balance, simple structure and long-baseline is needed. We developed a technology to make the axial gradiometer compact using direct bonding of superconductive wires between pickup coil and input coil. Conventional insert has mechanical support to hold the gradiometer array, and the dewar neck has equal diameter with the dewar bottom. Boiling of the liquid He can generate mechanical vibrations in the gradiometer array due to mechanical connection structure. Elimination of the mechanical support, and direct mounting of the gradiometer array into the dewar bottom can reduce the dewar neck diameter, resulting in the reduction of liquid He consumption.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.122-127
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• 2018

In an attempt to estimate the life projection of LED packages, IESNA published a paper regarding an LED package measurement test method in 2008, and a life projection technical document in 2011, to be used for LED life estimation. IESNA's publications regarding LED package measurement methods were functional, but they were not internationally standardized before 2017. In order to develop a standardized method, the International Standard chose to use the LM-80 as a measurement method for LED life projection in their publication in 2017. Many projection methods have been discussed by the IEC Technical Committee 34 working group, including the method using an exponential function, which reflects lumen degradation characteristics well. This study is designed to explore alternative LED package life estimation methods using an exponential function with statistical analysis, other than the one suggested by the International Standard.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.267-280
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• 2016

In the construction industry, adoption of BIM is a global tendency whereas it doesn't seem to be fully activated in domestic market. Thus, the need of BIM ROI measurement is emerging. There has been a few researches which is only focused on evaluating achievement of BIM in constructional stage. However, it's hard to find any studies on the case of measurement of BIM ROI at the design phase. Therefore, this paper analyzes the domestic and external 12 advanced researches in the measurement of BIM ROI and suggests common investment and return facts. Based on this, this paper proposes a measuring method which is applicable in domestic architectural firms. To determine the appropriateness of the measure, there has been an expert survey and interview. According to the expert survey, the measure itself is practical. But in other survey targeting industry employee, actual profit and efficiency appear to be significantly different from previous expectations. In short, in the domestic conditions in the design stage, the introduction of BIM doesn't have a practical effect and this is one of the main reason why BIM can't be fully functional.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.713-718
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• 2012

Lumber spine range of motion has been used to measure of physical and functional impairment by various tools from a ruler to 3D kinematic devices. However, pre-existing tools have problems in either movement or accuracy and reliability limitations. Accurate devices are limited by fixed space whereas simple devices are limited in measuring complex movements with less accuracy. In order to solve the location, movement and accuracy limitations at once, we have developed a novice measurement device equipped with accelerometer sensor and gyroscope sensor for getting three-dimensional information of motion. Furthermore, Kalman filter was applied to the algorithm to improve accuracy. In addition, RF wireless communication was added for the user to conveniently check measured data in real time. Finally, the measurement method was improved by considering the movement by a reference point. An experiment was conducted to test the accuracy and reliability of the device by conducting a test-retest reliability test. Further modification will be conducted to used the device in various joints range of motion in clinical settings in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.281-288
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between Pediatric Balance Scale(PBS) and Gross Motor Function Measurement(GMFM) with cerebral palsy(CP) children. Methods : 31 ambulatory children with CP were recruited for this study. PBS is a modified version of the Berg’s Balance Scale to access the children with motor impairments. To access the motor functions that directly influence to the functional independence of the ambulatory CP children, total scores of standing category and walking/running/jumping category of GMFM were selectively compared with PBS score by Spearman correlation coefficient analysis. Results : The results revealed high correlation between PBS and GMFM scores both in standing and walking/running/jumping categories(r=.9). Conclusions : Therefore, this study indicates that PBS can be applied not only as a tool to access balance, but also as a measurement to predict and access the level of standing and ambulatory related functions of children with CP.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.621-629
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• 2006

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical variables that predict functional and cognitive recovery at 1- and 6-month in both severe and moderate/mild traumatic brain injury patients. Methods. The subjects of this study were 82 traumatically brain-injured patients who were admitted to a Neurological Intensive Care Unit at a university hospital. Potential prognostic factors included were age, motor and pupillary response, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and the presence of intracranial hematoma at admission. Results. The significant predictors of functional disability in severe traumatic brain injury subjects were, age, systolic blood pressure, the presence of intracranial hematoma, motor response, and heart rate at admission. In moderate/mild traumatic brain injury patients, motor response, abnormal pupil reflex, and heart rate at admission were identified as significant predictors of functional disability. On the other hand, the significant predictors of cognitive ability for severe traumatic brain injury patients were motor response and the presence of intracranial hematoma at admission, whereas those for moderate/mild patients were motor response, pupil reflex, systolic blood pressure at admission, and age. Conclusions. The results of the present study indicate that the significant predictors of TBI differ according to TBI severity on admission, outcome type, and outcome measurement time. This can be meaningful to critical care nurses for a better understanding on the prediction of brain injury patients. On the other hand, the model used in the present study appeared to produce relatively low explicabilities for functional and cognitive recovery although a direct comparison of our results with those of others is difficult due to differences in outcome definition and validation methods. This implies that other clinical variables should be added to the model used in the present study to increase its predicting power for determining functional and cognitive outcomes.