• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.603-624
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• 2020

There is an emerging interest in brain functional connectivity (FC) based on functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Alzheimer's disease (AD) studies. The complex and high-dimensional structure of FC makes it challenging to explore the association between altered connectivity and AD susceptibility. We develop a pipeline to refine FC as proper covariates in a penalized logistic regression model and classify normal and AD susceptible groups. Three different quantification methods are proposed for FC refinement. One of the methods is dimension reduction based on common component analysis (CCA), which is employed to address the limitations of the other methods. We applied the proposed pipeline to the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data and deduced pathogenic FC biomarkers associated with AD susceptibility. The refined FC biomarkers were related to brain regions for cognition, stimuli processing, and sensorimotor skills. We also demonstrated that a model using CCA performed better than others in terms of classification performance and goodness-of-fit.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.22-31
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• 2012

Objectives : We investigated the prevalence and functional impairment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and premenstrual syndrome(PMS) in young women. Methods : A total of 1063 female college students were recruited from two urban areas(Seoul and Suwon) of Korea. Questionnaires for sociodemographic data and risk factors of PMDD, attitude about menstruation, and the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool(PSST) were applied. Results : The prevalence of severe moderate to severe PMS and PMDD were 16.9% and 11.7%, respectively. There were differences in the alcohol and coffee consumption, severity of menstrual cramp, and family history of PMS among the moderate to severe PMS, PMDD, and no/mild PMS groups. Although some participants did not fulfill diagnostic criteria for PMDD, they showed significant functional impairment. Participants with negative attitude about menstruation reported premenstrual symptoms more frequently than those with positive or ambivalent attitude about menstruation. Conclusion : These results suggest that PMS and PMDD were prevalent and associated with functional impairment in young females. Some participants reported significant functional impairments although they did not meet the full DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for PMDD. Negative attitude about menstruation was associated with more premenstrual symptoms experiences.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.223-249
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• 2007

This study is intended to investigate if the standard of vocational rehabilitation service could be solely determined by medical standard for disability definement and to find out what alternatives are available to resolve practical problems for those who are not identified as the severely disabled by the disability definement but do experience severe handicaps at work. Through the literature review, the researcher argued that the concept of 'functional limitation' would be a criteria, and thereby applied Modified Barthel Index to measure the degree of functional limitation. In view of researching the relationship among physical impairment, functional limitation, and job status based on 381 cerebral palsied, variables such as the type of cerebral palsy and the part of paralysis, have neither direct nor indirect influence to the job status; however, the pain and the mobility have indirect effects, and the ability of self-management has direct effect on the job status. The researcher concluded that future research about disabilities needs to provide a serious thought on what it is to be defined as 'disabilities', as well as to focus on further research conceptualizing the degree of physical 'functional limitation'.

• MALSORI
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• no.51
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• pp.39-55
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• 2004

Working memory is the term used to refer to the mental workplace in which information can be temporarily stored and manipulated during complex everyday activities such as understanding language. The studies on language and working memory are based on Baddeley's phonological working memory and Daneman and Carpenter's functional working memory. This article reviews two working memory models and the studies on language and working memory based on each model. These are described in the implication of working memory in language development and specific language impairment-evaluation and treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.1253-1258
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• 2012

In the present study, we investigated the effects of Rubus coreanus Miquel (RCM) on memory ability of senescence-accelerated mice (SAM). Prone 8 strains of SAM mice (SAMP8), which is a useful animal for investigating the mechanism of brain aging and senile dementia, were fed a diet containing 100 mg/kg body weight/day of RCM for 8 weeks. Memory ability of mice was examined by using passive avoidance test and Morris water maze test. SAMP8 mice showed remarkable memory impairment compared with senescence-resistant 1 strains of SAM (SAMR1). RCM significantly improved memory ability of SAMP8 mice. In addition, acetylcholineasterase activities decreased in the brain of SAMP8 mice treated with RCM. Taken together, these results suggest that RCM may act as an acetylcholineasterase inhibitor, thereby improving senescence-related memory impairment.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.161-172
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between oral function, oral environment, and brain cognitive function in the elderly. Methods: The subjects were 60 users of senior community center and elderly day care center. The survey was conducted from November to December 2018. Subjects were assessed by oral examination and myofunction test. Oral myofunction was measured using $IOPI^R$ and Lip de $Cum^R$. Survey data were analyzed using the statistical programs of PASW Statistics ver. 18.0. Results: Tongue muscle strength and lips muscle strength was higher in males than in females. The tongue and lip strengths were higher in the <81 years old group than the ${\geq}81$ years old group. Functional tooth analysis showed that there was a ${\geq}15$ teeth group ($40.91{\pm}7.36$) and a <15 teeth group ($32.52{\pm}7.14$). Lip muscle strength analysis showed that the ${\geq}15$ teeth group ($10.54{\pm}3.40$) was higher than the <15 teeth group ($8.20{\pm}2.41$, p<0.05). Tongue muscle strength, lumbar muscle strength, and functional tooth number were lower in the elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Cognitive function was significantly correlated with functional tooth number (r=0.386, p<0.001), tongue strength (r=0.478, p<0.001), and lip strength (r=0.281, p<0.05). Tongue strength was significantly correlated with lip strength (r=0.360, p<0.001) and functional tooth number (r=0.633, p<0.001). Lip strength was significantly correlated with functional tooth number (r=0.376, p<0.001). Conclusions: These results showed that age and functional tooth number influenced oral muscle strength and that the number of functional teeth and oral muscle strength were low in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. Oral myofunction training and oral care program are suggested to improve the quality of life of the elderly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2020

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of coordinative locomotor training on the physical factors for falls in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. METHODS: This study examined thirty subjects diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment by the radiologic findings, history, and physical examination. The subjects were assigned to a control group (n = 15) or experimental group (n = 15, coordinative locomotor training). The experimental group underwent coordinative locomotor training for four weeks, with training sessions two times per week. The control group was given a fall-prevention education for 60 minutes without coordinative locomotor training. To evaluate the physical factors for falls, the lower extremity strength and the Korean version of the Fullerton advanced balance scale and biorescue were measured for balance. These tests were conducted before and after training. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed between the two groups after the four weeks of coordinative locomotor training for the elderly with mild cognitive impairment the experimental group had a greater degree of improvement in the physical factors for falls. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that coordinative locomotor training may have a functional effect on fall-prevention and the mobility of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment. In addition, it is expected to provide systematic and effective data that can be used as a fall prevention program for the elderly with mild cognitive impairment in each institution.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.375-385
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and test a structural model for chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment of breast cancer patients based on a literature review and Hess and Insel's chemotherapy-related cognitive change model. Methods: The Participants consisted of 250 patients who were ${\geq}19$ years of age. The assessment tools included the Menopause Rating Scale, Symptom Experience Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Everyday Cognition, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast Cancer. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs. Results: The modified model was a good fit for the data. The model fit indices were ${\chi}^2=423.18$ (p<.001), ${\chi}^2/df=3.38$, CFI=.91, NFI=.91, TLI=.89, SRMR=.05, RMSEA=.09, and AIC=515.18. Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment was directly influenced by menopausal symptoms (${\beta}=.38$, p=.002), depression and anxiety (${\beta}=.25$, p=.002), and symptom experiences (${\beta}=.19$, p=.012). These predictors explained 47.7% of the variance in chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment. Depression and anxiety mediated the relations among menopausal symptoms, symptom experiences, and with chemotherapy related cognitive impairment. Depression and anxiety (${\beta}=-.51$, p=.001), symptom experiences (${\beta}=-.27$, p=.001), menopausal symptoms (${\beta}=-.22$, p=.008), and chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (${\beta}=-.15$, p=.024) had direct effects on the quality of life and these variables explained 91.3%. Conclusion: These results suggest that chemotherapy-related toxicity is highly associated with cognitive decline and quality of life in women with breast cancer. Depression and anxiety increased vulnerability to cognitive impairment after chemotherapy. Nursing intervention is needed to relieve chemotherapy-related toxicity and psychological factor as well as cognitive decline for quality of life in patients undergoing chemotherapy.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.421-431
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• 2008

Purpose: Using comprehensive and valid instrument, MDS-HC 2.0, this study aimed to analyze the functional status and to evaluate the care needs of the community-dwelling disabled with cerebral impairment. Method: With a convenient sample of 88 disabled with cerebral impairment, the data were collected at a community health center located in rural area in Choongchung providence in August 2005. Subject's functional status and care needs were evaluated using Minimum Data Set-Home Care version 2.0. Result: Significant proportion of subjects were totally dependent for locomotion-outdoor (26.1%), personal hygiene (24.1%), bathing (24.1%). For IADLs, over 40% of subjects were totally dependent for ordinary house work, managing finances, or shopping. Top five ranked care needs were preventive health care measures (100%), communication disorders (71.6%), visual function (55.7%), health promotion (52.3%), and pressure ulcers (48.9%). The proportion of triggered clinical assessment protocols were significantly higher in disability level I group for the risk of institutionalization (p=<.001), communication disorders (p=.004), cognitive problems (p=.001), pressure ulcers (p=<.001), skin and foot conditions (p=.010), and urinary incontinence and indwelling catheters (p=<.001). Conclusions: It is necessary to provide community based rehabilitation services that are individualized for their service needs thus enhance optimal level of functioning.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2019

Previous studies have shown that spinosin was implicated in the modulation of sedation and hypnosis, while its effects on learning and memory deficits were rarely reported. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of spinosin on the improvement of cognitive impairment in model mice with Alzheimer's disease (AD) induced by $A{\beta}_{1-42}$ and determine the underlying mechanism. Spontaneous locomotion assessment and Morris water maze test were performed to investigate the impact of spinosin on behavioral activities, and the pathological changes were assayed by biochemical analyses and histological assay. After 7 days of intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of spinosin ($100{\mu}g/kg/day$), the cognitive impairment of mice induced by $A{\beta}_{1-42}$ was significantly attenuated. Moreover, spinosin treatment effectively decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and $A{\beta}_{1-42}$ accumulation in hippocampus. $A{\beta}_{1-42}$ induced alterations in the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), as well as inflammatory response in brain were also reversed by spinosin treatment. These results indicated that the ameliorating effect of spinosin on cognitive impairment might be mediated through the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory process, apoptotic program and neurotrophic factor expression,suggesting that spinosin might be beneficial to treat learning and memory deficits in patients with AD via multi-targets.