• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2005

Purpose: To review the surgical results of stiff elbow using the posterior extensile approach which provides a wide surgical view with a single posterior skin incision. Materials and Methods: From February 1999 to May 2002, we performed 6 surgical correction of stiff elbow using posterior extensile approach and followed the patients more than 1 year. In order to get better result, we performed cadaver study (four elbows of two fresh cadavers). Average duration of follow up was 15.7 months $(14{\sim}21)$. Functional results was analyzed using Brobery and Morrey analysis scale. Results: The approach through the plane between the extensor carpi radialis longus and the extensor carpi radialis brevis was ideal, because it preserves normal anatomy and provides a wide surgical view of the anterior joint. The posterior joint could be approached directly between the medial head of the triceps brachii and brachialis medially, the lateral head of triceps brachii and brachioradialis laterally. In all patients, an improved ROM was obtained with intra and extra-articular adhesiolysis: an average $61.7^{\circ}$ improvement $(50{\sim}75)$. Functional results were as follows: five excellent, one good. In addition, the patients' satisfaction was high since the scar from the operation was only a single line at the posterior surface of the elbow. Conclusion: In the treatment of stiff elbow, posterior extensile approach is thought to be useful because this method provides wide anterior and posterior surgical view.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.385-396
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• 2005

이 논문에서는 온라인 서명 검증에 대한 새로운 접근 방법으로, 서명을 필기의 기본 구성 요소들로 표현하는 구조적인 접근 방법을 제시한다. 속력의 국부 극소점을 분할점으로 하여 얻어지는 부분을 원시 패턴으로 정의하였고, 서브패턴으로서 방향 변화에 의해 얻어지는 단순 회전형 성분, 첨형 성분, 종형 성분의 세 가지 종류를 정의하여 서명을 구조적으로 표현하였다. 그리고 서브패턴을 기본 단위로 한 동적 계획정합 알고리듬을 제시하였다. 또한, 학습 샘플로부터 국부적인 부분에 대한 변화도와 복잡도를 추출하여 참조 패턴의 학습과 진위 판단 임계치를 설정하였다. 실험을 통하여, 함수적 접근과 매개변수적 접근 그리고 제안된 구조적 접근 방법을 동일 조건에서 검증률, 처리시간, 메모리의 측면에서 비교하였다. 제안된 방법에서는, 서명의 국부적인 가중치를 적용하고 복잡도를 판단임계치의 설정에 사용함으로써 평균 오류율이 14.2%에서 4.05%로 검증률이 크게 향상되었다. 또한, 시간과 메모리의 측면에서 함수적 접근 방법에 비해 효과적이면서도 함수적 접근 방법의 최고 성능에 근접한 검증률을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.122-130
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• 2009

A systems biology approach for the identification of perturbed molecular functions is required to understand the complex progressive disease such as breast cancer. In this study, we analyze the microarray data with Gene Ontology terms of molecular functions to select perturbed molecular functional modules in breast cancer tissues based on the definition of Gene ontology Functional Code. The Gene Ontology is three structured vocabularies describing genes and its products in terms of their associated biological processes, cellular components and molecular functions. The Gene Ontology is hierarchically classified as a directed acyclic graph. However, it is difficult to visualize Gene Ontology as a directed tree since a Gene Ontology term may have more than one parent by providing multiple paths from the root. Therefore, we applied the definition of Gene Ontology codes by defining one or more GO code(s) to each GO term to visualize the hierarchical classification of GO terms as a network. The selected molecular functions could be considered as perturbed molecular functional modules that putatively contributes to the progression of disease. We evaluated the method by analyzing microarray dataset of breast cancer tissues; i.e., normal and invasive breast cancer tissues. Based on the integration approach, we selected several interesting perturbed molecular functions that are implicated in the progression of breast cancers. Moreover, these selected molecular functions include several known breast cancer-related genes. It is concluded from this study that the present strategy is capable of selecting perturbed molecular functions that putatively play roles in the progression of diseases and provides an improved interpretability of GO terms based on the definition of Gene Ontology codes.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2007

The microbial eco-physiology has been the vital key of microbial ecological research. Unfortunately, available methods for direct identity of microorganisms and for the investigation of their activity in complicated community dynamics are limited. In this study, metagenomics was considered as a promising functional genomics tool for improving our understanding of microbial eco-physiology. Its potential applications and challenges were also reviewed. Because of tremendous diversity in microbial populations in environment, sequence analysis for whole metagenomic libraries from environmental samples seems to be unrealistic to most of environmental engineering researchers. When a target function is of interest, however, sequence analysis for whole metagenomic libraries would not be necessary. For this case, nucleic acids of active populations of interest can be selectively gained using another cutting-edge functional genomic tool, SIP (stable isotope probing) technique. If functional genomes isolated by SIP can be transferred into metagenomic library, sequence analysis for such selected functional genomes would be feasible because the reduced size of clone library may become adequate for sequencing analysis. Herein, integration of metagenomics with SIP was suggested as a novel functional genomics approach to study microbial eco-physiology in environment.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.168-199
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• 2012

Studies on innovation point towards the need for both in-house research and development (R&D) capabilities along with collaborations with external organisations or linkages with other firms, universities and research institutes. The argument is that innovation is not just a firm specific factor but requires support from several other factors which in turn involves developing linkages with various actors/institutions as sources of resources and/or knowledge for innovation. This paper presents findings from an exploratory study about the Malaysian biofuel sector as an innovation system. Instead of using the neo-classical approach and proposing policy interventions based on traditional market failure rationale (Bergek et al., 2008a), the functional analysis of the technological innovation systems (TIS) approach is used to analyse the biofuel sector in Malaysia to help reveal the strengths and weaknesses in terms of its fulfillment of seven critical functions which are necessary for the generation and commercialization of a product. In addition an attempt is made to reveal the inducement and blocking mechanisms affecting the Malaysian biofuel TIS and the seeking of improved poor functionality. These functional aspects of the Malaysian biofuel sector are analysed in different phases of its development to gain an understanding of the different institutions and their functions at different phases of the development of the innovation system.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 공업용 재봉기의 구성설계를 기능적 접근법을 이용하여 수행하였다. 구성설계 방법을 설계에 이용하면 제품의 개발시간을 줄일 수 있고, 기존의 기구 메커니즘 데이터를 효율적으로 이용할 수 있는데 이러한 구성설계를 구현하기 위해 전문가 시스템을 이용 하였다. 설계 구속조건은 전문가 시스템의 추론기능과 CBR(Case Based Reasoning) 방법을 사용하여 만족되도록 하였으며 전문가 시스템의 API 기능을 이용하여 기구해석과 최적설계가 외부 프로그램을 이용하여 수행됨으로서, 공업용 재봉기의 개념설계가 효율적으로 수행될 수 있도록 하였다.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 1991

개 영역 교류자장 문제 해석을 위해 구부범함수를 사용한 변분법을 제시한다. 이 방법에 사용되는 국부범함수는 유한요소영역에 대한 영역적 분항과 유한요소영역과 무한요소영역 사이의 공유 경계면에 대한 경계적분항의 합으로써 이루어 진다. 경계적분항은 무한 계산영역에 대한 범함수의 무 한요소영역에 대한 영역적분항을 고유경계면에 대한 경계적분으로 치환시킴으로써 얻어진다. 본 논문 에서 제시한 방법을 이론해를 알고 있는 모델에 적요시켜 수치해석 결과를 얻고 그 결과를 이론해와 비교하여 보았다. 본 방법을 사용함으로써 이론해와 잘 일치하는 수치해석 결과를 덩었으며, 그리고 개 영역 교류자장 문제해석에 있어서 계산영역을 축소시킬 수 있기 때문에 컴퓨터 기억용량 감소 및 계산시간을 대폭 단축 시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.51-54
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• 2009

Myxobacteria, Gram-negative soil bacteria, are a well-known producer of bioactive secondary metabolites. Therefore, this study presents a methodological approach for the high-throughput screening of secondary metabolites from 4 wild-type Myxococcus xanthus strains. First, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was performed using extracellular crude extracts. As a result, 22 metabolite peaks were detected, and the metabolite profiling was then conducted using the m/z value, retention time, and MS/MS fragmentation pattern analyses. Among the peaks, one unknown compound peak was identified as analogous to the myxalamid A, B, and C series. An analysis of the tandem mass spectrometric fragmentation patterns and HR-MS identified myxalamid K as a new compound derived from M. xanthus. In conclusion, LC-MS/MS-based chemical screening of diverse secondary metabolites would appear to be an effective approach for discovering unknown microbial secondary metabolites.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2019

Prussian blue (PB) is known to be an effective material for radioactive cesium adsorption, but its nano-range size make it difficult to be applied for contaminated water remediation. In this study, a simple and versatile approach to immobilize PB in the supporting matrix via surface functionalization was investigated. The commercially available poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) sponge was functionalized by acrylic acid (AA) to change its major functional group from hydroxyl to carboxylic, which provides a stronger ionic bond with PB. The amount of AA added was optimized by evaluating the weight change rate and iron(III) ion adsorption test. The FTIR results revealed the surface functional group changing to a carboxyl group. The surface functionalization enhanced the attachment of PB, which minimized the leaching out of PB. The $Cs^+$ adsorption capacity significantly increased due to surface functionalization from 1.762 to 5.675 mg/g. These findings showed the excellent potential of the PB-PAA-PVA sponge as a cesium adsorbent as well as a versatile approach for various supporting materials containing the hydroxyl functional group.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.5.1-5.10
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• 2022

Non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) is a common hereditary disorder. Both clinical and genetic heterogeneity has created many obstacles to understanding the causes of NSHL. The present study has attempted to ravel the genetic aetiology in NSHL progression and to screen out potential target genes using computational approaches. The reported NSHL target genes (2009-2020) have been studied by analyzing different biochemical and signaling pathways, interpretation of their functional association network, and discovery of important regulatory interactions with three previously established miRNAs in the human inner ear as well as in NSHL such as miR-183, miR-182, and miR-96. This study has identified SMAD4 and SNAI2 as the most putative target genes of NSHL. But pathogenic and deleterious non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms discovered within SMAD4 is anticipated to have an impact on NSHL progression. Additionally, the identified deleterious variants in the functional domains of SMAD4 added a supportive clue for further study. Thus, the identified deleterious variant i.e., rs377767367 (G491V) in SMAD4 needs further clinical validation. The present outcomes would provide insights into the genetics of NSHL progression.