• Wind and Structures
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.21-41
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• 2013

Wind-induced vibrations of mast arms of cantilever traffic signal structures can lead to fatigue failure. Two such structures were instrumented each with a sonic anemometer and a camera that records the motions of the tip of the arm. It was observed throughout this experiment that large amplitude vertical vibrations of mast arms with signals with backplates occur for the most part at low wind speed ranges, between 2 to 7 m/s, and as the wind speed increases the amplitude of the vertical vibrations decreases. The results of these experiments contradict the generally accepted belief that vortex shedding does not cause significant vibrations of mast arms that could lead to fatigue failure, which have been attributed to galloping in the past. Two damping devices were tested with mixed results.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.823-829
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• 2005

The extent of slack is correlative with the wheelbase of vehicle as well as the distance between the inner faces of flanges. Since the movable clearance of wheel flange is getting reduced in curved track, the vehicle is more difficult to negotiate the track. By this reason, a certain extent of slack is normally designed for curved track to allow the movable clearance corresponding to that of straight track. In case of some foreign railways,. the fixed extent of slack has been classified by the ranges of curve radius. In case of KNR, the slack is calculated by a formula for each case of curve radius and it therefore seems quite precise method. However, since there is a wide range of slack adjustment $(S'=0\~15mm)$ in calculation formula itself, too excessive or too little slack can be calculated. This study is to approach the technical review on slack calculation and to offer the reasonable slack design through the full-scale experiment at sharp curved track without slack.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2007

In the field of composite structures, the use of carbon tube for the confinement of concrete has been arisen since 1990's. However, experimental and analytical studies were limited to those of reinforced concrete and concrete filled steel tube. The carbon tube provides excellent confinement capabilities for concrete cores, enhancing compressive strength and ductility of concrete significantly. The carbon tube has high tensile strength, light weight, corrosion immunity and high fatigue strength properties. Since carbon fiber is an anisotropic material, carbon tube could be optimized by adjusting the fiber orientation, thickness and the number of different layers. In this study, both experimental and analytical studies of axial and lateral behavior of full-scale CFCT (Concrete Filled Carbon Tube) columns subjected to monotonic axial load were carried out using Drucker-Prager theory. And, based on comparison results between experiment results and analytical results, k factor estimation was proposed for effective analysis.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.157-174
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• 2020

The in-situ pushover test differs from the shake-table test because it is performed outdoors and thus its size is not restricted by space, which allows us to test a full-size building. However, to build a new full-size building for the test is not economical, consequently scholars around the world usually make scale structures or full-scale component units to be tested in the laboratory. However, if in-situ pushover tests can be performed on full-size structures, then the seismic behaviors of buildings during earthquakes can be grasped. In view of this, this study conducts two in-situ pushover tests of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. One is a masonry-infilled RC building with openings (the openings ratio of masonry infill wall is between 24% and 51%) and the other is an RC building without masonry infill. These two in-situ pushover tests adopt obsolescent RC buildings, which will be demolished, to conduct experiment and successfully obtain seismic capacity curves of the buildings. The test results are available for the development or verification of a seismic evaluation model. This paper uses ASCE 41-17 as the main evaluation model and is accompanied by a simplified pushover analysis, which can predict the seismic capacity curves of low-rise buildings in Taiwan. The predicted maximum base shear values for masonry-infilled RC buildings with openings and for RC buildings without masonry infill are, respectively, 69.69% and 87.33% of the test values. The predicted initial stiffness values are 41.04% and 100.49% of the test values, respectively. It can be seen that the ASCE 41-17 evaluation model is reasonable for the RC building without masonry infill walls. In contrast, the analysis result for the masonry infilled RC building with openings is more conservative than the test value because the ASCE 41-17 evaluation model is limited to masonry infill walls with an openings ratio not exceeding 40%. This study suggests using ASCE 41-17's unreinforced masonry wall evaluation model to simulate a masonry infill wall with an openings ratio greater than 40%. After correction, the predicted maximum base shear values of the masonry infilled RC building with openings is 82.60% of the test values and the predicted initial stiffness value is 67.13% of the test value. Therefore, the proposed method in this study can predict the seismic behavior of a masonry infilled RC frame with large openings.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.470-479
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• 2004

The experimental conditions and relationships between parameters such as organic matter, aeration volume, aeration time, and precipitation time for the effective treatment of domestic wastewater were investigated. With the batch systems, the adsorption amount of unit microbe was measured with the change of MLSS concentration, precipitation time, and aeration amount. Theoretical adsorption amount of microbes was then numerically formulated by use of a SPSS multiple analysis as follows: $$Y=-0.0106(X_1)+0.07310(X_2)+42.705(X_3)+62.700$$ In this study, the amount of organisms to be removed in the range of MLSS concentration 2,000~4,500 mg/l were examined. In order to investigate the optimal condition of nitrification, the upper water in the biosorption stage was used as the initial experiment water. The results showed that the C/N ratio was 1.5 and the reaction time for the optimal nitrification was 1.5 hr. When the adsorption efficiency for microbe biosorption was 66%, the optimum denitrification efficiency was 83.3%. When the optimum parameters obtained from the batch experiment were applied to the lab-scale operation, the total retention time from the flow-in to flow-out was 10 hours and the removal efficiency was 93.8% for $COD_{cr}$ and 80.9% for TN. For the full-scale operation, the total retention time was 9.0 hours and the removal efficiency was 94.4% for BOD, 89.6% for $COD_{cr}$, 88.0% for TN, and 86.2% for TP.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2007

A multi-purpose environmental monitoring system has been developed as a commercially available standard using the technique of hetero-core spliced fiber optic sensors, for the purposes of monitoring large-scale structures and preserving natural environments. The monitoring system has been tested and evaluated in a possible outdoor condition, in view of the full-scale operation at actual sites to be monitored. Additionally, the developed system in this work conveniently provides us with various options of sensor modules intended for monitoring such physical quantities as displacement, distortion, pressure, binary states, and liquid adhesion. Two channels of optical fiber line were monitored in each channel, three displacement sensor modules were connected in series, in order to examine the performance to a pseudo-cracking experiment in the outdoor situation and to clarify temperature influences an the system, in terms of the coupling of optical connectors and the OTDR stability. The results from the pseudo-cracking experiment agreed with the actual cracks, by means of calculation, based an the detected displacement values and their geometrical arrangement of the used sensor modules. The temperature change, ranging from 10 to $20^{\circ}C$ resulting from the 10-days free running operation, was found to influence the system stability of ${\pm}10{\mu}m$, primarily due to the coupling instability of the used optical connectors. It was found that fusion splicing, rather than the use of connectors, reduced the fluctuation dawn to ${\pm}2{\mu}m$. The specification and performance of various option modules have been demonstrated to show the capability of inspecting various physical quantities by use of the single system, which would be suitable for multi-purpose environmental monitoring.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.5179-5196
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• 2019

To explore an effective non-invasion medical imaging diagnostics approach for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we propose a method based on adopting the multiple technologies with the multi-parametric data fusion, transfer learning, and multi-scale deep feature extraction. Firstly, to make full use of complementary and enhancing the contribution of different modalities viz. multi-parametric MRI images in the lesion diagnosis, we propose a data-level fusion strategy. Secondly, based on the fusion data as the input, the multi-scale residual neural network with SPP (Spatial Pyramid Pooling) is utilized for the discriminative feature representation learning. Thirdly, to mitigate the impact of the lack of training samples, we do the pre-training of the proposed multi-scale residual neural network model on the natural image dataset and the fine-tuning with the chosen multi-parametric MRI images as complementary data. The comparative experiment results on the dataset from the clinical cases show that our proposed approach by employing the multiple strategies achieves the highest accuracy of 0.847±0.023 in the classification problem on the HCC differentiation. In the problem of discriminating the HCC lesion from the non-tumor area, we achieve a good performance with accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and AUC (area under the ROC curve) being 0.981±0.002, 0.981±0.002, 0.991±0.007 and 0.999±0.0008, respectively.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2005

건물의 마감재료가 화재에 노출될 때 그 마감재료의 역할을 이해하는 것은 필수적이다. 실물화재실험을 통해서 재료의 성능을 평가하는 것이 가능하다. 그러나 실물화재 실험 시 소요되는 시간과 높은 비용으로 인해 실물 화재 실험이 수행되는 경우는 드물고 대신 컴퓨터 화재 시뮬레이션이 개발되어 왔다. 컴퓨터 화재 시뮬레이션에서는 초기입력 데이터로서 점화 버너의 화염으로부터의 Heat Flux Map이 요구된다. 현재까지의 연구에서는 열전대 혹은 열유속 센서와 같은 실험장치의 제한으로 인해 $10kW/m^2$간격의 Heat Flux Map이 나와있을 뿐이고 공간적으로 더 상세한 Heat Flux Map은 없는 실정이다. 화재 시뮬레이션의 성능을 증가시키기 위해서는 점화 버너로부터의 정확하고 상세한 Heat Flux Map이 필요불가결하다. 본 연구의 목적은 적외선 카메라로부터 얻어진 표면온도를 이용하여 벽에서 점화 버너 화염에 대한 Heat Flux Happing Procedure를 개발하는 것이다. 높은 수준의 공간적 해상도는 적외선 카메라로부터 제공된다. 개발된 Heat Flux Mapping Procedure를 증명하기 위해서 ISO 9705 점화버너를 이용해서 실험이 행해졌다. 실험 결과를 통해 개발된 Heat Flux Mapping방법의 열유속 해상도와 공간적 해상도가 얻어졌다. 또한 그 실험 결과가 현재 쓰여지고 있는 Heat Flux Map과 비교되었다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2018

전방위 감시카메라에는 어안렌즈를 이용하여 광대역감시가 가능하도록 물체감지알고리즘으로 물체를 단위별 레벨링한 다음 전방위 감시카메라와 추적(PTZ)카메라로 구성된 시스템으로 연동하여 현장실험한 것이다. 전방위 감시카메라가 움직이는 물체를 정확히 감지하며 사각표시를 하였고 추적카메라와 유기적으로 연동하며 확대 추적하였다. 감지카메라와 화염감지 및 온도에 대한 현장실험에서는 오토스캔 중 화염이 감지되면 멈추며, 해당 화점부분을 화면의 중심부분으로 이동시켜 온도가 표출되었다. 또한 화염이격거리별 검지에 필요한 발열량의 인정기준인 1 km 2,340 kcal를 초과한 1.5 km에서도 가능하였다. 거리에 따른 화염감지성능시험에서는 거리 1 km일 때 폭 56 cm ${\times}$ 높이 90 cm를 초과한 1.5 km에서도 가능하여 산불화재에도 적응성이 충분하였다. 향후 석유 가스비축시설 및 저유소에 설치하면 자체는 물론 주위 화재예방 및 침입감시 등의 안전에 매우 유용할 것으로 기대된다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.438-443
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 실대형 실험과 구조해석을 통해서 현장에서 사용되는 가새 시스템을 적용한 강관 골조 플라스틱 연동온실의 횡하중 가력시험을 수행하고 성능을 분석하였다. 횡강성과 응력을 분석하기 위해 실험체에 변위와 변형률계를 각각 9개소 및 16개소 설치하였으며 가새의 설치 유무에 따른 성능을 비교하기 위해 구조해석을 수행하였다. 실대형 실험과 가새의 설치 유무에 따른 구조해석 결과 비교에서 구조물의 횡강성이 많은 차이를 보였다. 실험체의 측고 부근에서 측정한 횡강성은 가새 시스템을 설치함으로 강성을 최대 44%까지 증가시켰다. 현장에서 사용하는 가새의 접합부가 충분한 강성을 확보하지 못함으로써 외력을 전체 구조물에 적절히 전달하지 못하여 횡강성이 구조해석 결과보다 많이 저하되는 현상이 나타났다. 따라서 온실 설계 시 구조성능의 신뢰성을 높이기 위해서 가새 시스템의 연결방법, 설치위치, 부재의 최대길이 등 온실의 접합부에 대한 명확한 시공방법과 설계기준이 정립되어 온실 설계가 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.