VALYAVIN G.;KOCHUKHOV O.;SHULYAK D.;LEE B.-C.;GALAZUTDINOV G.;KIM K.-M.;HAN I.
Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
/
v.38
no.2
/
pp.283-287
/
2005
The slow evolution of global magnetic fields and other dynamical processes in atmospheres of CP magnetic stars lead to the development of induced electric currents in all conductive atmospheric layers. The Lorentz force, which results from the interaction between a magnetic field and the induced currents, may modify the atmospheric structure and provide insight into the formation and evolution of stellar magnetic fields. This modification of the pressure-temperature structure influences the formation of absorption spectral features producing characteristic rotational variability of some spectral lines, especially the Balmer lines (Valyavin et al., 2004 and references therein). In order to study these theoretical predictions we began systematic spectroscopic survey of Balmer line variability in spectra of brightest CP magnetic stars. Here we present the first results of the program. A0p star $\Theta$ Aur revealed significant variability of the Balmer profiles during the star's rotation. Character of this variablity corresponds to that classified by Kroll (1989) as a result of an impact of significant Lorentz force. From the obtained data we estimate that amplitudes of the variation at H$\alpha$, H$\beta$, H$\gamma$ and H$\delta$ profiles reach up to $2.4\%$during full rotation cycle of the star. Using computation of our model atmospheres (Valyavin et al., 2004) we interpret these data within the framework of the simplest model of the evolution of global magnetic fields in chemically peculiar stars. Assuming that the field is represented by a dipole, we estimate the characteristic e.m.f. induced by the field decay electric current (and the Lorentz force as the result) on the order of $E {\~} 10^{-11}$ cgs units, which may indicate very fast (< < $10^{10}$ years) evolution rate of the field. This result strongly contradicts the theoretical point of view that global stellar magnetic fields of CP stars are fossil and their the characteristic decay time of about $10^{10}$ yr. Alternatively, we briefly discuss concurring effects (like the ambipolar diffusion) which may also lead to significant atmospheric currents producing the observable Lorentz force.
This study was carried out to clarify the changes in dry matter weight and physicochemical property of job's tears grain during ripening period. Four varieties of job's tears were seeded at April 20, May 10, and May 30, andgrains were harvested at every 7 days from heading to maturity, The whole seed weight of thick hull varieties, Kimje and Aewon, was higher than that of improved thin hull varieties, Suwon 3 and Suwon 6, from heading to maturity, However, the dehulled grain weight of thin hull variety were higher than that of thick hullvariety from 35 days after heading. The first heading spikelet showed lower 100-grain weight com-pared with the spikelets headed at full blooming stage among the same plant. The increased rate of de hulled grain weight during maturing period was higher in thin hull variety than thick hull one, later seeding date than early seeding, and intermediate headed spikelet than early head-ed one, respectively. As maturing proceeds the protein content of de hulled grain was decreased, alkali digestibility value(ADV) showed a rising trend, and little change was found in gel consistency of milled grain flour. And same trends were found in protein content, ADV and gel consistency as the seeding date was delayed. Among amylogram properties of job's tears flour the maximum, minimum, and final viscosity as well as breakdown were decreased, and set back was increased in later seeding plots
Experiment were conducted to study the photosynthetic ability of several rice varieties and the influence of the drymatter production on the yield components of the rice plant, especially in ripening period. The photosynthetic ability at the ripening period, the varieties were classified into two groups as relatively high capacity and low capacity. With the earlier the transplanting date and the higher the N-content leaf blade, the greater the ratio of reserved assimilates befere heading time to the ear. This could be support the fact that the rate of full-ripened grains or grain yield of 'Tongil' variety may increased by the change of environment condition.condition.
Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
/
v.11
no.4
/
pp.203-208
/
1991
This experiment was carried out to compare the effects of summer temperature and nitrogen application on carbohydrates and fiber contents in orchardrass stubble grown in the cool summer year, 1980 and in the hot summer year, 1984. For this study, the contents of carbohydrates, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF) and hemicellulose in orchardgrass stubble were investigated. 1. Total water soluble carbohydrates(TSC) in orchardrass stubble were accumulated during the period of cool season and were declined when the weather was hot and dry. The reserve level of those were decreased when a new leaf emerged after the start of plant growth and then were increased as the plant was in full flourish. 2. The reserve of carbohydrate content in orchardgrass stubble was about twice times higher in cool summer year than that in hot summer year, and the reserve rate of carbohydrates showed to be fast in cool summer year. When the nitrogen fertilizer applied, the content of TSC in orchardgrass stubble more lowered but not significantly different(p<0.05). 3. The contents of NDF, ADF and hemicellulose in orchardgrass stubble in cool summer year were not significantly different from those in hot summer year. These contents showed also no significant difference among different levels of nitrogen applications. 4. The relationship of carbohydrate, NDF, ADF and hemicelluose contents according to the levels of nitrogen applications were negatively correlated in cool summer year. But there was no consistency in hot summer year.
From measured responses of concrete three-point bend tests, the average values of the responses have been calculated. The fracture behavior of continuously propagating concrete crack has been analyzed from the average responses. The experimental parameters of this study were the initial notch sizes of 25.4㎜ and 6.4 ㎜ and the processing times of 2,000 sec. and 20 sec . The different notch sizes were used for the effects of the size of fracture process zone and specimen geometry, and the processing times for those of initial creep. However the load-point displacement rate in this study did not affect the experimental responses seriously. The average loads were calculated from the average external work of a series of tests, and average crack lengths were determined by using strain gages. Before the peak load, the resistance curve could be determined from the size of fracture process zone, but unstable crack propagation of 88㎜ occurred at the load-point displacement of 0.088∼0.154㎜ after the peak load. The average fracture energy density G$\_$F/$\^$ave/ = 115 N/m occurred during the unstable crack propagation. The fracture process zones were fully developed at the crack length of 111㎜, and the sizes of fracture process zone for initial notches of 25.4㎜ and 6.4㎜ were 86㎜ and 105㎜, respectively. Average fracture energy densities of the resistance curves after full development of fracture process zone were 229 N/m for the initial notch of 25.4㎜ and 284 N/m for 6.4㎜. The values were more than twice of G$\_$F/$\^$ave/.
Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
/
v.20
no.5
/
pp.395-404
/
2017
Cultivating soybeans in rice paddy field reduces labor costs and increases the yield. Soybeans, however, are highly susceptible to excessive soil water in paddy field. Controlled drainage system can adjust groundwater level (GWL) and control soil moisture content, resulting in improvement soil environments for optimum crop growth. The objective of this study was to fit the soybean growth data (canopy height and stem diameter) using Gompertz model and Logistic model at different GWL and validate those models. The soybean, Daewon cultivar, was grown on the lysimeters controlled GWL (20cm and 40cm). The soil textures were silt loam and sandy loam. The canopy height and stem diameter were measured from the 20th days after seeding until harvest. The Gompertz and Logistic models were fitted with the growth data and each growth rate and maximum growth value was estimated. At the canopy height, the $R_2$ and RMSE were 0.99 and 1.58 in Gompertz model and 0.99 and 1.33 in Logistic model, respectively. The large discrepancy was shown in full maturity stage (R8), where plants have shed substantial amount of leaves. Regardless of soil texture, the maximum growth values at 40cm GWL were greater than the value at 20cm GWL. The growth rates were larger at silt loam. At the stem diameter, the $R_2$ and RMSE were 0.96 and 0.27 in Gompertz model and 0.96 and 0.26 in Logistic model, respectively. Unlike the canopy height, the stem diameter in R8 stage didn't decrease significantly. At both GWLs, the maximum growth values and the growth rates at silt loam were all larger than the values at sandy loam. In conclusion, Gompertz model and Logistic model both well fit the canopy heights and stem diameters of soybeans. These growth models can provide invaluable information for the development of precision water management system.
To quantitatively assess the effects of turbidity on egg development and larval fish survival, a laboratory fish rearing experiment was applied to different life stages (newly hatched larval stage, juvenile stage and pre-adult stage) of the Zacco platypus, one of the most universal and tolerant species in Korea. According to the stress index of turbidity in water with exposure time, three different treatments, including a reference condition (1~7 NTU) as well as intermediate (20~150 NTU) and high turbidity conditions (400~1,000 NTU) were applied, and egg hatching and larval fish mortality rates were observed. The mortality rates of newly hatched larval fish were significantly different among treatments (ANOVA, $F_{2,3}$=17.79, p<0.05). Average rates of survival to hatching were 20.9% (${\pm}0.1%$) for reference condition, 11% (${\pm}6.9%$) for intermediate level and 3.2% (${\pm}3.7%$) for high level conditions, respectively. A sudden change of mortality at the high level was observed within 5 days of the experiment. About 84% of juvenile fish survived until 20 experimental periods under conditions of reference turbidity, while survival under conditions of intermediate turbidity was over 80% of larval fish until day 13 of the experiment, but dropped to less than 10% after day 14 and 15 of two experiments. Fish mortality appeared from day 6 of the high turbidity experiment, and 50% mortality was achieved at day 9 to 10 of experiment. Full mortality occurred at day 14 of the experiment (RM-ANOVA, $F_{2,38}$, p<0.005). In the pre-adult stage experiment, no mortality was observed during the experiment at reference level treatment (20 days), while only slight mortality rates were observed for both intermediate and high levels until day 5 of the experiment, however, no further fish died in either experiment. It was significantly different compared to reference condition (RM-ANOVA, $F_{2,20}$=8.28, p<0.01), but no difference was observed between intermediate and high level conditions. Consequently, this tolerant species has been determined to be well adapted to high levels of turbidity in its adult stage, but more vulnerable throughout earlier life stages.
Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
/
v.18
no.5
/
pp.1232-1236
/
2004
In the Far-Eastern traditional medicine, Oi[Energy] implies a wide range of meaning and is emphasized. There is nothing that is not related to this Qi, as seen in physiology, pathology, the relationship between human body and nature, the movements of intestines and gyeongnak[energy networks], the process of outbreak and change of illness, remedial laws, the features and effects of drugs, and so on. Accordingly, Nei Jing also says, 'every sickness arises from OL' The Qi has multi-meanings, and each of lots Of past physicians researched and analyzed it in different perspective, thus making the Qi-theories much richer. Still. there were not so many physicians who discussed the theme of Daqi. The denomination of Daqi is seen in Nei Jing and Jin Gui Yao Lue, and the physicians like Yu Chang in Ming dynasty and Zhang Xi Chun in Cheng dynasty, etc. applied and utilized Daqi by exploring its functional actions for human life and associating it with clinical practices. Yu Chang said that Daqi is Xiong Zong Yangqi[Positive Energy in Breast] governing every Qi, and that if this Qi is full, it spreads through body and protects the body from sickness, and vice versa. Summarizing his researches on the Daqi in Jin Gui Yao Lue and on the opinions of Yu Chang as well as his experiences, Chang Xi Chun maintained that the Qi accumulated in breast must be named Daqi, which constitutes the contents of Zongqi[Chief Energy] mentioned in Nei Jing. Once the Qi is vacant, breathing is not smooth, whole body is enervated, spirit becomes dim, thinking ability falls drastically. Furthermore, if the Qi is extremely vacant or more worsens, breathing stops. And he prescribed the medicines including Sheng Xian Tang as remedies against the symptom of Daqi XiaXian[Fall in Great Energy]. The recognitions of Daqi by Yu Chang and Zhang Xi Chun are consistent with each other. At any rate, their theories and prescriptions may be high in practical value in contemporary clinics.
By screening a cDNA library of auxin-treated mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) hypocotyls, we have isolated two full-length cDNA clones, pVR-ACS6 and pVR-ACS7, for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway. While PVR-ACS6 corresponds to the previously identified PCR fragment pMBA1, pVR-ACS7 is a new cDNA clone. A comparison of deduced amino acid sequences among auxin-induced ACC synthases reveal that these enzymes share a high degree of homology (65-75%) to VR-ACS6 and VR-ACS7 polypeptides, but only about 50% to VR-ACS1 polypeptide. ACS6 and ACS7 are specifically induced by auxin, while ACS1 is induced by cycloheximide, and to lesser extent by excision and auxin treatment. Results from nuclear run-on transcription assay and RNA gel blot studies revealed that all three genes were transcriptionally active displaying unique patterns of induction by IAA and various hormones in etiolated hypocotyls. Particularly, 24-epibrassinolide (BR), an active brassinosteroid, specifically enhanced the expression of VR-ACS7 by distinct temporal induction mechanism compared to that of IAA. In addition, BR synergistically increased the IAA-induced VR-ACS6 and VR-ACS7 transcript levels, while it effectively abolished both the IAA- and kinetin-induced accumulation of VR-ACS1 mRNA. In light-grown plants, VR-ACS1 was induced by IAA in roots, whereas W-ACS6 in epicotyls. IAA- and BR-treatments were not able to increase the VR-ACS7 transcript in the light-grown tissues. These results indicate that the expression of ACC synthase multigene family is regulated by complex hormonal and developmental networks in a gene- and tissue-specific manner in mung bean plants. The VR-ACS7 gene was isolated, and chimeric fusion between the 2.4 kb 5'-upstream region and the $\beta$-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene was constructed and introduced into Nicotiana tobacum. Analysis of transgenic tobacco plants revealed the VR-ACS7 promoter-driven GUS activity at a highly localized region of the hypocotyl-root junction of control seedlings, while a marked induction of GUS activity was detected only in the hypocotyl region of the IAA-treated transgenic seedlings where rapid cell elongation occurs. Although there was a modest synergistic effect of BR on the IAA-induced GUS activity, BR alone failed to increase the GUS activity, suggesting that induction of VR-ACS7 occurs via separate signaling pathways in response to IAA and BR.
Kang, Ui-Gum;Park, Hyang-Mi;Ko, Jee-Yeon;Lee, Jae-Saeng;Jeon, Weon-Tai;Park, Chang-Young;Park, Ki-Do;Chebotar, Vladimir K.
Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
/
v.50
no.3
/
pp.135-149
/
2017
In order to obtain promising rice growth-promoting microbial strains that can be used as substitutes for chemical fertilizers, 172 bacterial strains were isolated from rice roots grown in Korean and Russian soils. Out of them, the strains KR076, KR083, KR181 and RRj228 showed plant growth-promoting activities on maize seedlings. Bacillus megaterium KR076 and Bacillus sp. KR083 showed both nitrogen-fixing and plant growth-promoting activities, while Rhizobium sp. KR181 and Pseudomonas sp. RRj228 appeared to support only plant growth-promotion, but not $N_2$ fixation. Especially, RRj228 showed high growth promoting activity at low concentrations. Inoculation studies with KR083 and RRj228 revealed a high affinity to the Japonica rice variety such as Junambyeo than the Korean Tongil type variety such as Arumbyeo. Both KR083 and RRj228 strains showed rhizoplane and/or endophytic colonization in Japonica and Tongil types rice when soaked with the bacterial suspension of $1.1{\times}10^5cfu\;ml^{-1}$ for six and twelve hours. However, the total bacterial cell numbers were higher in the roots of Japonica variety than in the Tongil type. In inoculation trials with Daesanbyeo rice variety, the seedlings inoculated with KR181 and RRj228 at the rate of $2.0{\times}10^6cfu\;ml^{-1}$ showed yield increment of 35% and 33% (p < 0.01), respectively, so that they contributed to the replacement of chemical fertilizer at half doses of N, $P_2O_5$, and $K_2O$ in pots. In Junambyeo rice seedlings, the strain RRj228, when inoculated with a cell suspension of $1.8{\times}10^6cfu\;ml^{-1}$, promoted 3.4% higher yield at 70% dose than at a full dose level of N $110kg\;ha^{-1}$ in field. These results suggest that the rhizobacteria KR181 and RRj228 are prospective strains for enhancing rice performance.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.