• PNF and Movement
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

Purpose : To verify the interrater reliability of upper extremity function assessment among three tools(Wolf motor function test, Motor assessment scale, Fugl-meyer assessment scale). Methods : The subjects of this study 40 (20 was physical therapists and 20 was physical therapy students). For the test one patients with chronic hemiparesis after stroke participated in the study. The Wolf Motor Function Test consists of 16 functional tasks. The motor assessment scale consists of 3 functional tasks. The fugl-meyer assessment scale consists of 8 functional tasks. All test sessions were videotaped and scored by 40 subjects. Analysis : The data was analysis by SPSS PC 14.0 with Cronbach alpha Coefficients, intraclass Correlation Coefficients Kendall tau-b value. Results : WMFT was highly scored in Cronbach's value, Cronbach's ${\alpha}=0.819$ that means high interrater reliability among assessment. WMFT was highly scored all items in p-value except one item, that means high p-value between therapists and students. WMFT was highly scored in Intrarater correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.79, that means high interrater reliability of each examination item. WMFT was low index of coincidence from all items, MAS was low index of coincidence from a tim and FMA was low index of coincidence from 4 items. Conclusion : The interrater reliability of WMFT were compared with MAS, FMA and highly verified. WMFT can be more useful tool among upper extremity function assessment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of electromechanical gait trainer therapy in stroke patients. The gait trainer was designed to provide nonambulatory subjects the repetitive practice of a gait-like movement without overstraining therapist. To simulate normal gait, discrete stance and swing phase, lasting 60% and 40% of the gait cycle respectively, and the control of the movement of the centre of mass were required. Methods : This preliminary study investigated during 8 weeks therapy on the gait trainer could improve gait ability in 5 subacute and chronic hemiparetic stroke patients. Gait ability(time up & go [TUG], comfortable and maximal gait speed and functional ambulation category[FAC]), functional movement of lower extremity(Fugl-Meyer Assessment [FMA] and composite spasticity score [CSS]) and sensory of lower extremity(Fugl-Meyer Assessment sensory [FMA-s])were the measured. Results : TUG, comfortable and maximal gait speed and FMA were improved significantly. Although FAC, FMA-s and CSS were improved, there were not statistically significant. Conclusion : Therefore, the gait trainer enabled affected patients the repetitive practice of a gait-like movement, which is important for the restoration of walking ability.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.11-18
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between physical impairments and daily activities on the basis of the outcome measurements in stroke patients. Seventy-six stroke patients participated in this study. Two physical therapists evaluated 3 clinical common measurements, i.e., the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Multiple regression analysis was used, as the dependent variables were the BBS and FIM; the independent variables were post-stroke duration, FMA of Upper Extremity (FMU), and FMA of Lower Extremity (FML). In the regression equation of the BBS, the coefficient of determination ($R^2$) was .383, and the FML was found to be the most important variable for determining the BBS score. In the regression equation of the FIM, $R^2$ was .531, and the FML was found to be the most important variable for determining the FIM. These results suggest that there is a need to determine the function of activities on the basis of the physical impairments of stroke patients. More variable measurement tools on the levels of body function and structure, as well as activity limitations are required.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.295-303
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• 2016

Rehabilitation of upper limb motor function of hemiplegic patient must maintain interest and demand a device for a quantitative evaluation of rehabilitation training. In this paper, we developed the device that is composed of arm cradle, handle, and balance ball for rehabilitation exercise. We have performed experiment for validity as to whether to use the rehabilitation device when tilting the upper extremity training device developed to measure changes in the EMG signal to the main upper limb muscles for 7 healthy volunteers. We have analyzed muscle activation signals on agonist and antagonist as a reference in the muscle contraction and relaxation in the upper limb extension and flexion when the balance-handle device is tilted to front-rear and left-right. The experimental results showed that a tendency of muscle activation of biceps, triceps, and deltoid used in upper limb motor function of hemiplegic patients from extension and flexion evaluation items of Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA). These results may be helpful for rehabilitation training for upper limb motor function of hemiplegic patients by utilizing a developed unit.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.271-278
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of virtual reality training on upper extremity function and activities of daily living in patients with sub-acute stroke. The present study enrolled 18 patients with sub-acute stroke. All subjects were assigned into either the experimental group (n=9) or control group (n=9). Both groups received conventional occupational therapy for 30 minutes/day, 5 times a week, for 4 weeks. Additionally, the experimental group performed virtual reality training in each session for 30 minutes/day, and the control group conducted conventional occupational therapy in each session for 30 minutes/day. The outcome measures were performed through the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and the Korean-modified Barthel Index (K-MBI) before and after intervention. In results, the experimental group showed significant improvements in the scores of FMA and K-MBI after intervention (p<.05). The control group showed significant improvements in the shoulder/elbow/forearm, wrist, and hand sub-domains of the FMA and K-MBI (p<.05). After intervention, the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements in the total score and in the wrist and hand sub-domains of the FMA than control group (p<.05). These findings suggest that virtual reality training may have positive effects on the improvements of upper extremity function in patients with sub-acute stroke.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.29-39
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the upper limb nerve mobilization (ULNM) on functional recovery of upper extremity in hemiplegic patients following stroke. Twenty patients who had functional impairment on upper extremity were participated. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: Control group (n=10) received traditional physical therapy only for 4 weeks; Experimental group (n=10) received ULNM treatment along with traditional physical therapy for the same period. Upper extremity functions were assessed by manual muscle test (MMT), modified Ashworth scale (MAS), and Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) before and after the treatment. In both experimental and control group, upper extremity functions were significantly improved in MMT (p<.01) and FMA (p<.01), however only experimental group showed significant improvement in FMA after the treatment (p<.05). Moreover, experimental group showed significantly greater improvement than control group in MMT (p<.05), MAS (p<.05), and FMA (p<.05). We conclude that the upper extremity functions is a useful additional therapeutic technique for the effective treatment of upper extremity deficits in hemiplegic patients.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.235-242
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• 2013

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of imagery training on upper limb function and activities of daily living in subacute stroke patients. This study included 16 voluntary participants with subacute stroke. Subjects were randomly assigned to either experimental or control group, with 8 in each group. Imagery training group performed imagery training during 30 minutes and then task-oriented training 30 minutes a day, 5 times a week for 4 weeks. Control group performed task-oriented training during 30 minutes during a day, 5 times a week for 4 weeks. Assessments were made using the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) and Fugl-Meyer motor function assessment (FMA) to evaluate the changes of upper function. And modified Barthel Index (MBI) was measured to evaluate the activities of daily living. The results showed that imagery training group was more significant increase than control group in WMFT, FMA, and MBI (p<.05). Small to huge effect sizes of 1.59, 2.02, 0.37 were observed for WMFT, FMA, and MBI, respectively. This study indicated that imagery training may be helpful in improving the upper limb function and activities of daily living for subacute stroke patients, and support the clinical feasibility of the imagery training.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.305-313
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between a functional evaluation model and the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) scale in evaluating the upper extremities of stroke patients Methods: Thirty-eight stroke patients were evaluated using the FMA and performed reaching and grasping motions using a three-dimensional motion analysis (Qquas 1 series, Qualisys AB, Sweden). The participants sat on a chair with a backrest. The position of the cup was located at a distance of 80% to the front arm length. The markers were attached to the sternum, acromion, elbow lateral epicondyle, ulnar styloid process, three metacarpal heads, and the distal phalanges of the thumb and index finger. The variables of the correlation between the functional evaluation model and the FMA scale were analyzed. Multiple regression (stepwise) was used to investigate the effect of the kinematic variables. Results: A significant negative correlation was found between the movement time (p < 0.05), movement unit (p < 0.05), and trunk displacement values (p < 0.05) in the FMA total scores, while a positive correlation was found between the peak velocity (p < 0.05) and maximum grip aperture values (p < 0.05). As a result of the multiple regression analysis, the most significant factor was the movement unit, followed by the general movement assessment and trunk displacement. The explained FMA total score value was 62%. Conclusion: This study presents a new functional evaluation model for assessing the reaching and grasping ability of stroke patients. The factors of the proposed functional evaluation model showed significant correlations with the FMA scale scores and confirmed that the new functional evaluation model explained the FMA by 67%. This suggests a new functional evaluation model for reaching and grasping stroke patients.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.511-519
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to translate and validate the revised Nottingham Sensory Assessment(rNSA) in Republic of Korea. A cross-sectional study was conducted to translate the rNSA into Korean using a modified forward/backward translation procedure. Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability, internal consistency, and concurrent validity were investigated to validate the Korean version rNSA. The Korean version rNSA showed excellent inter-rater reliability (r=0.92-1.00) and intra-rater reliability (r=0.93-1.00). Significant correlations were found between sensory assessment results of the Korean version of the rNSA and the Korean Fugl Meyer Assessment Sensory subscales (r=0.96). The Cronbach α value of internal consistency of Korean version rNSA was ranged from 0.73 to 0.90, the value of K-FMA-S was ranged from 0.70 to 0.88. In these results, psychometric properties of the Korean version of the rNSA achieved the standard level and can be feasible in clinical practice to assess sensory function following stroke in Republic of Korea.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2011

Background: The purpose of the present study was to determine correlations between the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Modified Barthel Index(MBI), Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) and Fugl-Meyer motor function Assessment(FMA) in persons with strokes. Methods: We recruited 77 stroke patients from the Seoul Bukbu Geriatric Hospital in Seoul, Korea. Balance was measured by BBS. Activity of Daily Living was assessed using MBI. Cognitive function was examined using MMSE. Motor Recovery was measured using FMA. Data was analyzed using Pearson' correlation. Resurts: There were a statistically significant correlation between BBS and MBI, BBS and MMES, BBS and FMA upper extremity, BBS and FMA lower extremity. There were a statistically significant correlation between MBI and MMSE, MBI and FMA upper extremity, MBI and FMA lower extremity. There were a statistically significant correlated between FMA upper extremity and FMA lower extremity. Conclusions: This study will help rehabilitation program for stroke patients and will be the reference data for selection of therapy and evaluation method.