• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한연소학회 2003년도 제27회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.231-236
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• 2003

HCCI(Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) combustion is an advanced combustion process explained as a homogeneously premixed charge of a fuel where air is admitted into the cylinder and compression ignited. It has possibility to reduce NOx by spontaneous auto-ignition at multiple points that allows very lean combustion resulting in low combustion temperatures. Particulate matters (PM) could be also reduced by the homogeneous combustion and no fuel-rich zones. Injection timing is extremely advanced to achieve homogeneous charge where a diesel fuel could not be vaporized sufficiently due to low pressure and low temperature condition. Also the over-penetration could be a severe problem. The small injection angle and multi-hole injectors were applied to solve these problems. Dimethyl ether (DME) as an altenative fuel was also applied to relive the bad vaporization problem associated with early injection of diesel fuel. Neat DME has a very high cetane rating and high vapor pressure. Contained oxygen reduces soot during the combustion. Experimental result shows DME can be easily operated in an HCCI engine. PM shows almost zero value and NOx is reduced more than 90% compared to direct-injection diesel engine operating mode but problem of early ignition needs more investigation.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate reduction of exhaust gas temperature in LPG conversion engine from diesel. A conventional diesel engine was modified to a LPG(Liquified Petroleum Gas) engine that diesel fuel injection pump was replaced by the LPG fuel system. The research was peformed with measurement of exhaust gas temperature by varying spark ignition timing, air-fuel ratio, compression ratio, EGR ratio and different compositions of butane and propane. The major conclusion of this work were followed. (i) Exhaust gas temperature was decreased and power was increased with the advanced spark ignition timing. (ii) Exhaust gas temperature was decreased with lean and rich air-fuel ratio. (iii)Exhaust gas temperature was decreased and power was increased with the higher compression ratio. (iv) Engine power and exhaust temperature were not influenced by varied butane/propane fuel compositions. (v) Finally, one of the important parameters in reduction of exhaust gas temperature is spark ignition timing among the parameters in this study.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.158-165
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• 2006

In order to provide the database for designing microcombustors, the combustion characteristics of premixed methane and propane air microflames at normal and elevated temperatures and atmospheric pressure generated on a microtube were studied experimentally and computationally. The stability limits of premixed microflames and the propensity of the microflames near the stability limits were experimentally determined, while the structure of the microflame at the fuel-leanest limit was obtained using a two-dimensional CFD simulation with a reduced kinetic mechanism. For all the microflames, the stability limits were observed only in the fuel-rich region. Results also show substantial extension of stability limits with elevated temperature that is realistic condition for micro fuel processing and significant fuel dilution immediately near the tube exit due to a low Peclet number times Lewis number effect.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 9톤급 다단연소사이클 엔진용 산화제 과잉 예연소기 분사기 설계 및 수류 시험 결과에 대해 기술하고자 한다. 총 3 종류의 동축 와류 분사기를 설계하고 각 종류마다 12개의 분사기를 제작하였다. 연료 접선 홀 직경은 모두 동일하며, 산화제와 연료가 연소되어 발생하는 기체 산화제와 냉각 채널에서 배출되는 액체 산화제 모멘텀의 비에 따라 산화제 과잉 예연소기 분사기의 연소에 어떠한 영향이 있는지를 연구하기 위해 산화제 접선 홀의 직경을 다르게 제작하였다. 추후에 산화제 과잉 예연소기를 이용한 파워팩과 연소시험을 통해 검증될 예정이다. 수류 시험 결과, 연료 유량 및 산화제 접선 홀의 유량값은 설계 차압을 기준으로 목표 유량값에 도달하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제40권10호
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• pp.637-644
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 석탄 입자 연소 시 공기 다단 연소 적용에 따른 UBC(Unburned Carbon) 및 질소 산화물(NOx) 배출 특성을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 공기 다단 연소가 가능한 2단 하향 분류층 반응기(Two Staged Drop Tube Furnace, Two Staged DTF)를 설계 및 제작하였다. 아역청탄(Tanito)의 단일 및 다단 연소 실험을 진행하여 UBC 및 NOx 배출 특성을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 단일 연소 조건에서 온도 및 공기비가 증가함에 따라서 UBC 함량이 감소했지만 NOx의 농도는 증가했다. 특히 과농 연료 연소 영역에서 NOx 저감 반응이 일어났으며, 이때 반응 온도가 증가할수록 NOx 저감 반응이 활성화 될 뿐아니라 UBC는 감소되었다. 공기 다단 연소 실험의 경우 석탄 입자의 UBC 증가량에 비해 높은 NOx 저감 효과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1317-1324
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• 1998

In general, DI gasoline engine has the advantages of higher power output, higher thermal efficiency, higher EGR tolerance and lower emissions due to the operation characteristics of increased volumetric efficiency, compression ratio and ultra-lean combustion scheme. In order to apply the concept of stratified charge into direct injection gasoline engine, some kinds of methodologies have been adapted in various papers. In this study, a reflector was adapted around the injector nozzle to apply the concept of stratified charge combustion which leads the air-fuel mixture to be rich near spark plug. Therefore, the mixture near the spark plug is locally rich to ignite while the lean mixture is wholly introduced into the combustion chamber. The characteristics of combustion is analyzed with the variations of fuel injection pressure and load in a stratified -charge direct injection single cylinder gasoline engine. The obtained results are summarized as follows ; 1. The MBT spark timing approached to TDC with the increase of load on account of the increase of evaporation energy, but has little relation with fuel injection pressure. 2. The stratification effects are apparent with the increase of injection pressure. It is considered by the development of secondary diffusive combustion and the increase of heat release of same region, but proceed rapidly than diesel engine. Especially, in the case of high pressure injection (l70bar) and high load (3.0kgf m), the diffusive combustion parts are developed excessively and results in the decrease of peak pressure than in the case of middle load. 3. The index of engine stability, COVimep value, is drastically decreased with the increase of load. 4. To get better performance of DI gasoline engine development, staged optimizaion must be needed such as injection pressure, reflector, intake swirl, injection timing, chamber shape, ignition system and so on. In this study, the I50bar injection pressure is appeared as the optimum.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2007

하이브리드 로켓의 연소 가시화에 의하면 연소 후 연료 표면이 고르게 연소되지 못한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 검은색의 불규칙한 연료 표면은 국부적으로 산화제가 부족해서 생긴 현상이다. 실험조건은 산화제 공급이 충분히 이루어진 상태였으므로 불완전 연소가 산화제 유동 조건과 관련이 있는가를 검증하기 위하여 여러 가지의 산화제 유동 환경을 설정하여 실험하였다. 실험결과에 의하면, 산화제 유동이 불안정한 연료표면에 영향을 줄 수 있지만 근본적인 발생 원인이 아닌 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 다른 추진제를 사용하는 하이브리드 로켓 실험에서도 비슷한 현상이 발견되고 있는 점을 볼 때 이러한 불안정한 연소는 하이브리드 로켓의 연소에서 발생하는 공통적인 현상임을 확인하였다. 이는 연료가 기화하는 분출 유동과 산화제 유동이 혼합할 때 경계층이 교란되어 나타난 결과로 판단된다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2007

하이브리드 로켓의 연소 가시화에 의하면 연소 후 연료 표면이 고르게 연소되지 못한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 검은색의 불규칙한 연료 표면은 국부적으로 산화제가 부족해서 생긴 현상이다. 실험조건은 산화제 공급이 충분히 이루어진 상태였으므로 불완전 연소가 산화제 유동 조건과 관련이 있는가를 검증하기 위하여 여러 가지의 산화제 유동 환경을 설정하여 실험하였다. 실험결과에 의하면, 산화제 유동이 불안정한 연료표면에 영향을 줄 수 있지만 근본적인 발생 원인이 아닌 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 다른 추진제를 사용하는 하이브리드 로켓 실험에서도 비슷한 현상이 발견되고 있는 점을 볼 때 이러한 불안정한 연소는 하이브리드 로켓의 연소에서 발생하는 공통적인 현상임을 확인하였다. 이는 연료가 기화하는 분출 유동과 산화제 유동이 혼합할 때 경계층이 교란되어 나타난 결과로 판단된다.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2010

Fuel processing systems which convert fuel into rich gas (such as stream reforming, partial oxidation, autothermal reforming) need high temperature environment ($600{\sim}1,000^{\circ}$). Generally, anode-off gas or mixture of anode-off gas and LNG is used as input gas of fuel reformer. In order to make efficient and low emission burner system for fuel reformer, it is necessary to elucidate the combustion and emission characteristic of fuel reformer burner. The purpose of this study is to develop a porous premixed flat ceramic burner that can be used for 1~5 kW fuel cell reformer. Ceramic burner experiments using natural gas, hydrogen gas, anode off gas, mixture of natural gas & anode off gas were carried out respectively to investigate the flame characteristics by heating capacity and equivalence ratio. Results show that the stable flat flames can be established for natural gas, hydrogen gas, anode off gas and mixture of natural gas & anode off gas as reformer fuel in the porous ceramic burner. For all of fuels, their burning velocities become smaller as the equivalence ratio goes to the lean mixture ratio, and a lift-off occurs at lean limit. Flame length in hydrogen and anode off gas became longer with increasing the heat capacity. In particular, the blue surface flame is found to be very stable at a very lean equivalence ratio at heat capacity and different fuels. The exhausted NOx and CO measurement shows that the blue surface flame represents the lowest NOx and CO emissions since it remains very stable at a lean equivalence ratio.

• 연구논문집
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• 통권33호
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• pp.5-16
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• 2003

Fuel distribution, combustion, and flame propagation characteristics of heavy duty engine with the liquid phase LPG injection(LPLI) were studied in a single cylinder engine. Optically accessible single cylinder engine and laser diagnostics system were built for quantifying fuel concentration by acetone PLIF(planar laser induced fluorescence) measurements. In case of Otto cycle engine with large bore size, the engine knock and thermal stress of exhaust manifold are so critical that lean burn operation is needed to reduce the problems. It is generally known that fuel stratification is one of the key technologies to extend the lean misfire limit. The formation of rich mixture in the spark plug vicinity was achieved by open valve injection. With higher swirl strength(Rs=3.4) and open valve injection, the cloud of fuel followed the flow direction and the radial air/fuel mixing was limited by strong swirl flow. It was expected that axial stratification was maintained with open-valve injection if the radial component of the swirling motion was stronger than the axial components. The axial fuel stratification and concentration were sensitive to fuel injection timing in case of Rs=3.4 while those were relatively independent of the injection timing in case of Rs2.3. Thus, strong swirl flow could promote desirable axial fuel stratification and, in result, may make flame propagation stable in the early stage of combustion.