• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2004.04a
• /
• pp.2070-2075
• /
• 2004

Performance of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) can be enhanced by converting thermal energy of its high temperature exhaust gas to mechanical power using a micro gas turbine (MGT). A MGT plays also an important role to pressurize and warm up inlet gas streams of the SOFC. In this study, the influence of performance characteristics of the tubular SOFC on the hybrid power system is discussed. For this purpose, detailed heat and mass transfer with reforming and electrochemical reactions in the SOFC are mathematically modeled, and their results are reflected to the performance analysis. The analysis target is 220kWe SOFC/MGT hybrid system based on the tubular SOFC developed by Siemens-Westinghouse. Special attention is paid to the ohmic losses in the tubular SOFC counting not only current flow in radial direction, but also current flow in circumferential direction through the anode and cathode.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2005.07b
• /
• pp.1681-1683
• /
• 2005

The molten carbonate fuel tell(MCFC) is endowed with the high potential especially in future electric power generation industry by its own outstanding characteristics. KEPCO(KEPRI) started a 100 kW MCFC system development program in 1993 and has been executed 100kW system develpilot plant successfully completed first phaseopment by 2005 on the basis of successful results of 25kW system development. In this program, the components and mechanical structure for 100 kW stack and system construction were completed on last year and now system pre-commissioning was being executed. A 100 kW MCFC power plant was constructed at the site of Boryeong Thermal Power Plant. A 100 kW MCFC system has characterized as a high pressure operation mode, $CO_2$ recycle, and externally reforming power generation system. The 100 kW MCFC system consisted with stacks which was made by two 50 kW sub-stacks, 90 cells with 6,000 cm2 active area and BOP including a reformer, a recycle blower, a catalytic burner, an inverter, and etc. The system will be operated under 3 atm pressure condition and expected to last over 5,000 hours by the end of this year.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.384-389
• /
• 2009

KEPRI (Korea Electric Power Research Institute) has studied planar type solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks using anode-supported cells and kW class co-generation systems for residential power generation. In this work, a 1 kW SOFC system consisted of a hot box part, a cold BOP (balance of plant) part, and a hot water reservoir. The hot box part contained a SOFC stack made up of 48 cells, a fuel reformer, a catalytic combustor, and heat exchangers. Thermal management and insulation system were especially designed for self-sustainable operation in that system. A cold BOP part was composed of blowers, pumps, a water trap, and system control units. When the 1 kW SOFC stack was tested using hydrogen at $750^{\circ}C$, the stack power was about $1.2\;kW_e$ at 30 A and $1.6\;kW_e$ at 50 A. Turning off an electric furnace, the SOFC system was operated using hydrogen and city gas without any external heat source. Under self-sustainable operation conditions, the stack power was about $1.3\;kW_e$ with hydrogen and $1.2\;kW_e$ with city gas respectively. The system also recuperated heat of about $1.1\;kW_{th}$ by making hot water.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.386-392
• /
• 2018

Fuel cells are known as eco - friendly energy facilities that can use heat energy and electric energy at the same time. Fuel cells are classified according to the temperature and material used, and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is relatively high temperature ($700-800^{\circ}C$). SOFC requires a hot box consisting of a high temperature stack, a reformer, a burner, and the heat exchangers in order to use energy efficiently. The hot box needs to maintain heat insulation performance at high temperature to reduce heat loss. However, Fibrous insulation, which is widely used, needs to be improved because it has a disadvantage that the thermal conductivity is rapidly increased due to the increase of temperature. Therefore, this study was carried out to develop a thermal insulation, which is applied to multiple layers insulation (MLI) technic, that can be used under SOFC operating conditions and prevent a drastic drop in thermal conductivity at high temperature. The developed insulation is consist of a thermally conductive material, a spacer, and a reflective plate. The thermal conductivity of the insulation was measured by in the thermal conductivity measuring device at high temperature range. As a result, it was confirmed that the developed layers insulation have an good thermal conductivity (0.116 W/mK) than fibrous insulation (0.24 W/mK) as a radiation shielding effect at a high temperature of 1,173 K.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.67-70
• /
• 2007

Diesel autothermal reforming has several problems such as carbon deposition in reforming reactor, sulfur poisoning of catalyst, difficulty of aromatics decomposition and mixing problems of reactants(diesel, steam, oxygen). Severe carbon deposition causes the rapid performance degradation of reformer. Carbon deposition is formed from ethylene, carbon precursor. Ethylene was generated at the homogeneous reaction zone of the reactor entrance. This phenomenon is closely linked to the mixing of reactants. In this investigation, we try to minimize the ethylene generation at the reactor entrance atomization technique.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2008.11b
• /
• pp.3136-3139
• /
• 2008

The object of the paper is to design two PI controllers. One provides the stable target temperature to the steam reforming reactor in 1kW PEMFC system. The other controls burner to operate within a permissible range of temperature. Feedforward control is applied to obtain temperature stability against disturbances such as changes of operating condition resulted from load change. Step response tests show that these controller work well with an error tolerance of $5^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2007.07a
• /
• pp.195-196
• /
• 2007

This paper shortly describe the R&D results for developing of 250 kW externally reforming MCFC (Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell) CHP proto type. Conceptual Design and basic design were alredy completed and stack which was adapted new separator and components also prepared for operation and evaluation. In parallel with stack and system development, BOP such as PCS, blower, catalytic combustor and Reformer also designed and fabricated for evaluation. The system will be fabricated by the end of 2008 and operate and evaluate in 2009.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
• /
• 1999.05a
• /
• pp.229-232
• /
• 1999

외부개질형 MCFC 시스템에서 개질기는 시스템을 구성하는 주요장치 중의 하나이다. MCFC용 개질기는 연료전지 스택의 Anode와 Cathode에 수소 및 $CO_2$를 공급하는 역할을 담당해야 할 뿐 아니라 저발열량(500Kcal/N㎥)의 Anode 배가스를 개질반응의 열원으로 사용해야 하기 때문에 스택의 부하변화에 빠르게 대응할 수 있는 우수한 동적 응답특성이 요구되며, 열전달이 잘 이루어지는 소형이면서 간단한 구조를 가지고 있어야 한다. 이런 특징들이 MCFC용 개질기가 화학공업에 사용되는 통상의 개질기 즉, 정상상태에서 운전되는 단순한 수소공급 장치와 구별되는 중요한 차이점이며 설계시 고려해야할 제약조건이 된다.(중략)

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.52 no.6
• /
• pp.720-726
• /
• 2014

PEM fuel cell vehicles have been getting much attraction due to a sort of highly clean and effective transportation. The onboard fuel processor, however, is inevitably required to supply the hydrogen by conversion from some fuels since there are not enough available hydrogen stations nearby. A lot of studies have been focused on analyses of ATR reactor under the assumption of thermo-neutral condition and those of the optimized process for the minimization of energy consumption using thermal efficiency as an objective function, which doesn't guarantee the maximum hydrogen production. In this study, the analysis of optimization for 100 kW PEMFC onboard fuel processor was conducted targeting various fuels such as gasoline, LPG, diesel using newly defined hydrogen efficiency and keeping simply synthesized heat exchanger network regardless of external utilities leading to compactness and integration. Optimal result of gasoline case shows 9.43% reduction compared to previous study, which shows the newly defined objective function leads to better performance than thermal efficiency in terms of hydrogen production. The sensitivity analysis was also done for hydrogen efficiency, heat recovery of each heat exchanger, and the cost of each fuel. Finally, LPG was estimated as the most economical fuel in Korean market.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.42-46
• /
• 2008

Even though fuel cell have high efficiency when pure hydrogen from gas tank is used as a fuel source, it is more beneficial to generate hydrogen from city gas (mainly methane) in residential application such as domestic or office environments. Thus hydrogen is generated by reforming process using hydrocarbon. Unfortunately, the reforming process for hydrogen production is accompanied with unavoidable impurities. Impurities such as CO, $CO_2$, $H_2S$, $NH_3$, $CH_4$, and $CH_4$ in hydrogen could cause negative effects on fuel cell performance. Those effects are kinetic losses due to poisoning of the electrode catalysts, ohmic losses due to proton conductivity reduction including membrane and catalyst ionomer layers, and mass transport losses due to degrading catalyst layer structure and hydrophobic property. Hydrogen produced from reformer eventually contains around 73% of $H_2$, 20% or less of $CO_2$, 5.8% of less of $N_2$, or 2% less of $CH_4$, and 10ppm or less of CO. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of carbon dioxide on fuel cell performance. The performance of PEM fuel cell was investigated using current vs. potential experiment, long run(10 hr) test, and electrochemical impedance measurement when the concentrations of carbon dioxide were 10%, 20% and 30%. Also, the concentration of impurity supplied to the fuel cell was verified by gas chromatography(GC).