• 한국연소학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2015

This paper presents the results of field demonstration for fuel switching to bio-fuel oil in 4 commercial heavy oil fired power plants. The 100% fuel switching field demonstration was successfully carried out in two tangential-firing boilers at a capacity of 75 and 100 MWe respectively without major equipment retrofit, and also 25% bio-fuel oil blending for two opposite firing boilers at a capacity of 350 and 400 MWe respectively. Despite the low density and heating value, the bio fuel was successfully replaced heavy fuel oil at the full load by only adjusting operational parameters. Incase of bio fuel oil combustion, heat absorption of radiative heat transfer section was reduced while convection section has opposite trend. In pollutants emission, a major reductionin SOx as well as 10-20% reduction in NOx were achieved by the fuels witching. On the other hand, boiler efficiency was slightly underestimated.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the viscosity characteristics of multi-grade engine oils in which contain diesel fuels. Unused engine oils of SAE 5W40, 10W40 and 15W40 were blended with a diesel fuel ratio of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The viscosity of a diluted engine oil was measured with temperature variation ranging from $-20^{\circ}C$ to $120^{\circ}C$ using a rotary viscometer. The diluted engine oil in which is blended to a diesel fuel plays an important role for decreasing an engine oil viscosity, which may decrease the oil film thickness and a load-carrying capacity. Test results show that the viscosity tends to fall for the increased temperature when engine oil is mixed with a diesel fuel. Especially, the viscosity at a low temperature zone is radically decreased compared with a high temperature zone. Based on the experimental results, the empirical equation that can predict the viscosity of diluted engine oil is expressed in the exponential function with the variation of the temperature and a fuel ratio of diluted engine oil. This equation may be possible to predict the limitation of the oil-fuel dilution rate at the concept design stage of the CDPF system, which doesn't affect the influence of the tribological components.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.208-214
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• 2013

Purpose: Performances of a tractor diesel engine fueled by three different animal fats biodiesels were evaluated comparing with light oil tractor in terms of power, fuel consumption rate, exhaust gases, particulate matter amount and field work capacity. Methods: Animal fats based on pig biodiesel were manufactured manually and tested for its engine performance in the tractor diesel engine and fuel adoptability in the field works. Four different fuels, three different content of biodiesel (BD20, BD50, BD100) and light oil, were prepared and tested in the four strokes diesel engine. Power output, fuel consumption rate and exhaust gases of the four fuels in the diesel engine were compared and discussed. Results: Power output of light oil engine was the greatest showing 5.3% difference between light oil and BD100, but 0.37% better power than BD20 engine power. Less exhaust gases of $CO_2$, CO, $NO_X$ and THC were produced from animal fats biodiesel than light oil, which confirmed that biodiesel is environmental friendly fuel. For fuel adoptability in the tractor, biodiesel engine tractor showed its fuel competitiveness comparing with light oil for tractor works in the faddy field. Conclusions: With four different fuel types of animal-fats biodiesel, performances of a four cylinder diesel engine for tractor were evaluated in terms of power, exhaust gases, particulate matters (PM) and field work capacity. No significant differences observed in the engine performances including power output and exhaust gases emission rate. No significant power difference observed between the various fuels including light oil on the engine running, however, amounts of noxious exhaust gases including $CO_2$ and $NO_X$ decreased as biodiesel content increased in the fuels. Field performances of animal-fats biodiesel tractor were investigated by conducting plowing and rotary operation in the field. Tilling and rotary performance of light oil tractor and BD20 tractor in the field were compared, in which about 10% travelling speed difference on both operations were monitored that showed light oil tractor was superior to BD20 tractor by 10%. Animal-fats can be an alternative fuel source replacing light oil for agricultural machinery and an environmental friendly fuel to nature.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2005

In this paper, the friction characteristic of engine bearings has been analyzed in terms of a friction loss power, a minimum film thickness and an oil film pressure. This analysis has been focused on the fuel economy improvement with a low viscosity engine oil such as SAE 0W-40, which is used for a friction loss reduction and increased for a Diesel fuel economy. The friction loss power, the minimum oil film thickness and oil film pressure distribution for plain bearings of a Diesel engine are analyzed using an AVL's EXCITE program with a conventional engine oils of SAE 5W-40 and 10W-40, and a low viscosity engine oil of SAE 0W-40. The computed results indicate that a viscosity of engine oils is closely related to the friction loss power and the decreased minimum film thickness in which is a key parameter of a load carrying capacity of an oil film pressure distribution. When the low viscosity engine oil is supplied to engine bearings, it does not affect to the formation of a minimum oil film thickness. But the friction loss power has been significantly affected by low viscosity engine oil at a low operating temperature of 0. Based on the FEM computed results, the low viscosity engine oil at a low temperature range will be an important factor for an improvement of the fuel economy improvement.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1578-1584
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• 2002

Combustion stability is one of the most important factors that must be considered in burning of heavy fuel oil, especially low-grade oil. This paper describes the combustion characteristics of petrochemical process by- product in the combustion furnace of heavy fuel oil. Main experimental parameters were combustion load, excess 02, fuel preheating temperature and air/fuel ratio. The capacity of CRF(combustion research facility) used in this study was 1.0 ton/hr and the burner is steam jet type suitable far heavy oil combustion and manufactured by UNIGAS in Italy. The fuel used in this experiment were 0.5 B-C, petrochemical process by-product and 3 kinds of 0.5 B-C/process by-product mixtures. The combustion stability was monitored and exhaust gases such as CO, NOx, SOx and particulates were measured with the excess $O_2$ and combustion load. The main purpose of this study is to clarify whether process by-product can be used as a boiler fuel or not in consideration of flame stability and emission properties.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.380-386
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• 2020

This paper represents an analysis of the economic impact of firing natural gas/diesel and natural gas/by-product oil mixtures in diesel engine power plants. The objects of analysis is a power plant with electricity generation capacity (300 kW). Using performance data of original diesel engines, the fuel consumption characteristics of the duel fuel engines were simulated. Then, economic assessment was carried out using the performance data and the net present value method. A special focus was given to the evaluation of fuel cost saving when firing natural gas/diesel and natural gas/by-product oil mixtures instead of the pure diesel firing case. Analyses were performed by assuming fuel price changes in the market as well as by using current prices. The analysis results showed that co-firing of natural gas/diesel and natural gas/by-product oil would provide considerable fuel cost saving, leading to meaningful economic benefits.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.381-418
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• 2008

동북아 3국(한국, 중국, 일본)의 원유시장 수급과, 원유수급에 영향을 주는 석유제품별 수급 현황을 살펴보는 것은 원유와 석유제품수급에서 발생할 수 있는 석유안보의 의미를 검토하는데 도움을 준다. 2006년 동북아 3국의 석유시장에서는 1,060만 배럴/일의 수급불균형이 발생하였고, 2030년에는 1,550~2,200만 배럴/일의 불균형이 발생할 것으로 전망되며, 이러한 수급불균형은 국가간 교역으로 해결되고 있다. 원유소비는 다양한 석유제품의 수요로 나타나는데, 2005년 중국은 경유>휘발유>연료유>LPG>나프타>등 항공유, 일본은 경유>휘발유>나프타>등 항공유>연료유>LPG, 한국은 나프타>경유>연료유>LPG>등 항공유>휘발유 순의 수요패턴을 보였다. 수요가 주어진 경우, 석유제품의 공급을 담당하는 각국의 주어진 정제시설규모는 공급 측면에서 석유제품의 수불균형에 영향을 미친다. 본 연구는 관련하여 3국의 상압증류시설과 이용률에 관해서 함께 살펴본다. 본 연구는 원유와 석유제품의 수급, 그리고 정제설비시장의 국가별 분포와 계획 등과 석유안보의 개념이 무관하지 않음을 실제 자료를 통해 평가해 보고, 석유안보 확보를 위한 다양한 방안마련에 대해 논의한다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.297-302
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• 2022

탄산칼슘과 염산 수용액에 폴리프로필렌 섬유를 침지시켜 표면에 염화칼슘 결정을 생성시킴으로써 발열 흡착포를 제작하였다. 발열 흡착포를 유출 기름으로 인해 유막이 형성된 해수면에 적용하면 염화칼슘 결정이 주변의 수분을 흡수하여 이온화되면서 용해열을 방출한다. 염화칼슘의 용해열을 유동점 이하의 저온에서 응고된 저유황 중질유를 액화시켜 흡유 가능한 상태로 전환시킨다. 발열 흡착포의 제작을 위해 폴리프로필렌 표면에 염화칼슘 결정을 생성시키기 위한 탄산칼슘과 염산의 최적 몰농도는 각각 0.25 M과 0.5 M이다. 저유황 중질유 발열 흡착포의 흡유능은 해수 온도에 따라 다르지만, 우리나라 인근 해역의 동절기 평균 수온인 10℃에서 4.5-7.08 g/g으로 매우 우수하였다. 염화칼슘 발열 흡착포를 사용하면 동절기 선박사고로 인하여 해양에 유출된 저유황 중질유를 효과적으로 흡유하여 제거할 수 있다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.136-140
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• 2013

The stringent emission norms cannot be met through engine design and exhaust after treatment alone. Use of oxygenated fuel like biodiesel as a alternative to diesel may be the best way to reduce emissions today. In this study, Diesel fuel and pure biodiesel (mahua oil) were tested on a single cylinder naturally-aspirated direct-injection diesel engine. The study aims to investigate the effects of the mahua oil biodiesel on existing diesel engine emissions. The effect of test fuels on engine emissions like CO, HC, $CO_2$, NOx and smoke emissions was investigated with respect to the load on engine. Smoke opacity of Diesel engine was lower in case of biodiesel of mahua oil as compare to mineral diesel. NOx emissions was little higher during the whole range of loading, which is a typical characteristic of biodiesel. However the increments are within in the narrow range. $CO_2$ emissions was bit higher which is the indication of better combustion due to presence of rich oxygen in the mixture, it results in the low values of CO and HC during the whole range of experiments. Thus considering environmental norms most of the engine emissions, it can be concluded and biodiesel derived from mahua oil could be used in a conventional diesel engine without any modification.

• 전기의세계
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.95-98
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• 1977

Commercially available fuel oil for power plant contains relatively much sulphur, which means accordingly high content sulphur deoxide in exhaust gas. Sulphur deoxide has been identified as the worst-pollutant caused by thermal power generation. This paper primarily deals with the stack gas diffusion effects of various parameters, namely vertical stability, wind velocity, exhaust gas velocity, stack height, etc., on the ground concentration. thereof the relation between stack height and maximum plant capacity is analyzed from the standpoint of air pollution prevention. The limit capacity is calculated by means of mean concentration introducing Mead and Lowry coefficient respectively.