• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2010

This study was conducted to develop an index of fuel consumption to rate agricultural tractors by their fuel efficiencies. The fuel consumption index consisted of two components: basic and operational indexes. The basic index is to consider an average amount of fuel consumed by engine when it transmits 20 and 100% of the rated power. The operational index is to consider the fuel consumed by tractor for typical field operations: plowing, rotavating, and the remains. The equations and procedures to obtain these indexes were proposed. The method and fuel consumption rate to classify tractors into 5 grades were also proposed. The best 15% of the tractor models were rated as the first grade, 20% as the second grade, 30% as the third grade, 20% as the fourth grade, and 15% as the fifth grade in order of fuel efficiency. Using the fuel consumption index, the classification was conducted on 143 tractor models tested at the National Institute of Agricultural Engineering from 2000 to 2007. The proposed 5-grade system of classification using the fuel consumption index could be used to rate the fuel efficiency of 20-100 kW tractor models produced over past 10 years in Korea.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2010

High VOC(Vehicle Operating Cost) is the main reason for the rehabilitation of paved road and VOC is composed of fuel consumption, lubricant oil consumption, parts consumption, etc. Fuel consumption is one of the largest components of VOC and the roughness of road represents the deterioration level of the road. For these reasons, the fuel consumption is measured for different IRI(International Roughness Index) in this study. The fuel consumption was measured by processing the voltage signal of fuel injector of vehicle and the speed was measured with GPS. The change rate of fuel consumption for different IRI can be calculated with the results of this test. It's concluded that fuel consumption(L/100km) of medium and large passenger car increases 7 times fast of the increase of IRI(m/km) around 3.5m/km in the speed range of 40 ~ 100km/h, and fuel consumption is the best at 60km/h.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06b
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• pp.552-557
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• 2001

To minimize the fuel consumption in the hybrid vehicle, the single performance index, which can express the fuel consumption in engine and electric energe consumption in battery system at the same time, is required. In this study we proposed a single performance index with equivalent BSFC concept, and with this, we constructed driving control algorithm, which can determine optimal gear ratio and power split ratio of the engine and the motor, for the parallel hybrid vehicle. Additionally, to verify the validity of this algorithm, driving simulation is performed.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.257-286
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• 2017

This paper estimates the effects of imaginary repeated increases in excise duties on fuel oil consumption and on their income redistribution according to changes in consumer price index, if the inflation indexation system was introduced right after the second Energy Tax Reform ended in July, 2007 in Korea. In fact, nominal excise rates have not been adjusted since 2007. As a result, the real excise rates on fuel oils have been diminished inversely proportional to the consumer price index. Own- and cross-price elasticities of fuel oils such as gasoline and diesel oil are estimated under the general equilibrium framework based on the linear expenditure system. Counterfactual analyses through microsimulation in a static model are adopted to estimate the effects of introducing inflation indexation into the fuel tax in 2007 when the second Energy Tax reform ended on the fuel consumption and income redistribution in 2014. Microsimulations suggest that its introduction could have reduced the consumption of gasoline and diesel oil by 8.8% and 5.4%, respectively, ending up with increased excise revenue by 11.9%. The revenue increase in spite of decreased consumption is mainly because their demands are price inelastic. It could also have increased positive income redistributive effect by 0.01%p (from 0.12% to 0.13%), which is measured in terms of percentage decrease in Gini coefficient. In other words, the fuel excise on the two fuel oils decreased by 0.13% the Gini coefficient of before and after fuel tax income in 2014. This implies that the inflation indexation could have enlarged the income redistributive effect up to 0.13% in 2014, if it is introduced in 2007.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.113-125
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• 2022

Purpose - The primary purpose of this study is to verify whether the target set out by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) for reducing carbon emissions from ships can be achieved by quantitatively analyzing the trends in technological advances of fuel oil consumption in the container shipping market. To achieve this purpose, several scenarios are designed considering various options such as eco-friendly fuels, low-speed operation, and the growth in ship size. Design/methodology - The vessel size and speed used in prior studies are utilized to estimate the fuel oil consumption of container ships and the pace of technological progress and Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) regulations are added. A database of 5,260 container ships, as of 2019, is used for multiple linear regression and quantile regression analyses. Findings - The fuel oil consumption of vessels is predominantly affected by their speed, followed by their size, and the annual technological progress is estimated to be 0.57%. As the quantile increases, the influence of ship size and pace of technological progress increases, while the influence of speed and coefficient of EEDI variables decreases. Originality/value - The conservative estimation of carbon emission drawn by a quantitative analysis of the technological progress concerning the fuel efficiency of container vessels shows that it is not possible to achieve IMO targets. Therefore, innovative efforts beyond the current scope of technological progress are required.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.44-51
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• 2021

PIP is an abbreviation of 'Performance Improvement Package', which is a package that can improve performance by applying some design changes to existing aircraft. Boeing provides PIP applicable to B777-200, and Airbus provides PIP applicable to A350-900 as standard. PIP provided by Boeing and Airbus is a separate task, but it is expected to reduce fuel consumption by reducing drag through aerodynamic improvements. The PIP applied to the A350-900 includes work such as increasing Winglet Height and re-twisting Outboard Wing. This study is to verify the effect of PIP application of the A350-900 aircraft and use it as basic data for economic analysis. The aerodynamic improvement studies and expected effects of the PIP application were examined, and the actual flight data of the PIP-applied and the non-applied aircraft were compared to confirm the PIP application effect. This paper provides empirical results for the aviation industry on the PIP application efficiency as a method of improving fuel efficiency and reducing carbon emission.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2008

Numerical simulations of freely propagating premixed flames burning mixtures of methane and chlorinated hydrocarbons in fuel are performed at atmospheric pressure in order to understand the effect of chlorinated hydrocarbons on the formation of nitrogen oxide. A detailed chemical reaction mechanism is used, the adopted scheme involving 89 gas-phase species and 1017 elementary forward reaction steps. Chlorine atoms available from chlorinated hydrocarbons inhibit the formation of nitrogen oxides by lowering the concentration of radical species. The reduction of NO emission index calculated with thermal or prompt NO mechanism is not linear and is probably related to the saturation effect as $CH_3Cl$ addition is increased, In the formation or consumption of nitrogen oxide, the $NO_2$ and NOCl reactions play an important role in lean flames while the HNO reactions do in rich flames. The molar ratio of Cl to H in fuel has an effect on the magnitude of NO emission index.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.65-71
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• 1991

This paper describes briefly the effect of ultrasonic vibrations on the performance of four cycle diesel engine. Experiments were carried out to clarify the effect of ultrasonic vibrations on the characteristics of viscosity, structure of diesel oil, fuel consumption rate, brake thermal efficiency, smoke emissions, cylinder pressure of engine. The results are obtained as follows: 1. The ultrasonic vibrations of diesel oil result in the decrease of kinematic viscosity, Brachness Index of diesel oil. 2. The ultrasonic vibrations of diesel oil result in the decrease of fuel consumption rate, the improvement of brake thermal efficiency of engine. 3. The ultrasonic vibrations of diesel oil result in the decrease of smoke emissions of engine.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.171-181
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• 2007

Blending effects of hydrogen and water vapor on flame structure and NOx emission behavior are numerically studied with detailed chemistry in methane-air counterflow diffusion flames. The composition of fuel is systematically changed from pure methane and pure hydrogen to the blending fuels of methane-hydrogen-water vapor through the molar addition of $H_2O$. Flame structure is changed considerably for hydrogen-blending methane flames and hydrogen-blending methane flames diluted with water vapor in comparison to pure methane flame. These complicated changes of flame structures also affect NOx emission behavior considerably. The changes of thermal NO and Fenimore NO are analyzed for various combinations of the fuel composition. Importantly contributing reaction steps to thermal NO and Fenimore NO are addressed in pure methane, hydrogen-blending methane flames, and hydrogen-blending methane flames diluted with water vapor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.321-332
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• 2015

In an attempt to find the improvement of the fishing efficiency according to the hull form remodeling for the 3 tuna purse seiner, the Catch-Per-Unit-Effort (CPUE) for that undertaken before (2008) and after (2010) was analyzed. In addition, the CPUE of 6 similar ships operated same period and same fishing ground. As result, it came to verify that the three modified ships had a significant value on the CPUE. An another index for the improvement of fishing efficiency is the rate of reduction of fuel oil consumption for the modified ships. Fuel oil consumption per day in service speed as comparing with the original ships were reduced 2.1%, 4.0% and 5.1% on the modified ship A, B, and C respectively. And each ship's service speed was increased 1.0 kt, 0.6 kt, and 0.4 kt according to the modified ship A, B, and C in due order. In the conclusion, the remodeling job with newly equipped bulbous bow, lengthened slipway and enlarged rudder area were improved fairly much on fuel oil efficiency, the ship's speed, and in the end, that led to the improving fishing efficiency. Hence, the remodeling of tuna purse seiner come to improve not only the fishing performance, but contribute to the reduction of operating cost by saving energy for the fisheries industry.