• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2015

This paper was designed to investigate emission characteristics of regulated pollutants (CO, HC, NOx and PM) from 134 diesel and gasoline passenger cars based on emission standards according to fuel additives. The experiments using chassis dynamometer were conducted under NEDC and CVS-75 modes. Comparison for fuel additive management and test between Korea, USA, EU and Japan, Korea was more strict than others. The fuel additives of this study was satisfied within fuel manufacturing standards. For with/without fuel additives according to diesel emission standards, NOx of EURO 4 and EURO 5 showed a relatively similar tendency. In the case of PM reduction rate, EURO 5 was over 20% increased than EURO 4. In the case of standard deviation/average ratio for gasoline vehicles, variation interval was big for LEV 23.3~58% and ULEV 31.6~56.4%. Following the imposition of stricter regulations (EURO 5 and ULEV), difference rate for standard deviation was big. Especially, in the case of diesel vehicles, difference rate for NOx 68% and PM 48% was most big. The results of present study will be of assistance in completing the legislative process and will provide basic data to set up emission standards for fuel additives in Korea.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.106-114
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• 1996

Extensive experiments were conducted to investigate the emission of DI diesel engine by using DMC(dimethyl carbonate) as an oxygenated fuel additives. The results indicate that smoke reduces almost linearly with fuel oxygen contents. Reductions of HC and CO were attained noticeably, while a small increase in NOx was encountered concurrently. The effective reduction in smoke with DMC was maintained with the presence of CO2, which suggested a low NOx and smoke operation could be obtained in combination of using oxygenated fuel and EGR. Further experiment was conducted a thermal cracking set-up for mechanism studies.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.165.1-165.1
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• 2010

In the past, drivers bought a fuel additives to treat a combustion chambers or injector nozzles for carbon or gum deposit at market. But, nowadays, as raised cost of fuel for a vehicle the consumers also start focusing on a function of fuel additives that increases fuel economy of one. Some fuel additive manufacturers and agents advertise that their goods make a car it's initial state. This paper shows data for 3 years that were acquired during test for registration of an additive in domestic. The data were sorted according to kind of vehicle, kind of fuel, test mode, CO, HC, NOx, PM, total emission, fuel economy and accumulated mileage. And than by using simple linear regression analysis changes according to accumulated mileage was displayed. Normal distribution and histogram of rate of increase and decrease were displayed. the analyzed data indicated that a fuel additive maintain and make a car the first state of one but can't make a car be batter than initial the one.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.501-508
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• 2006

The effect of chemical additives, such as dimethyl ether(DME), ethanol, carbon disulfide on the soot formation were examined numerically. ill this study, the Frenklach soot mechanism was used as a base mechanism to predict the soot formation in the ethane flame. The combination of Westbrook's DME mechanism, Marinov's ethanol mechanism, and chemical kinetic mechanism for hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide flames was made with the base mechanism because the DME, ethanol, $CS_2$ additives are added into the ethane fuel. CHEMKIN code was used as a numerical analysis software to simulate the effect of chemical additives on reduction of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH's) which are soot precursors. From the numerical results it is observed that addition of DME, ethanol and $CS_2$ into ethane fuel can reduce PAH species significantly. That means theses additives can reduce soot formation significantly. Results also strongly suggest suppression of soot formation by these additives to be mainly a chemical effect. Hand OH radicals may be the key species to the reduction of PAH species for additives.

• 공업화학
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.64-70
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• 2007

분산성이 우수한 carbon-slurry 연료의 제조와 특성 분석을 하였다. Carbon-slurry 연료는 액체연료(Jet A-1)와 탄소 입자 그리고 적당한 첨가제를 혼합하여 얻었다. Carbon-slurry 연료의 분산성은 교반 온도, 탄소 입자의 특성 그리고 첨가제의 양과 종류 등에 따라서 달라진다. 특히 첨가제의 종류가 slurry 연료의 안정성에 가장 중요하였다. 다양한 음이온성, 양이온성, 비이온성 형태의 첨가제를 사용하여 carbon-slurry 연료의 분산성을 분석하였고, 이 결과 나트륨 염의 형태를 가진 음이온성 첨가제를 사용하였을 경우 carbon-slurry 연료의 분산성이 가장 우수하였음을 확인하였다. Carbon-slurry 연료의 분산성은 빛이 투과되는 광도 값을 측정하여 분석하였다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.554-563
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• 2016

선박엔진은 잔사유를 에너지원으로 활용하여 운항할 수 있으며, 이를 활용한 선박에서 환경 규제와 경제성을 모두 만족시키는 다양한 방안들이 모색되고 있다. 그 중에 한 방안으로 연료 첨가제를 활용하는 기술이 있을 수 있다. 분산제와 연소촉진제는 잔사유 활용 시 엔진의 연소특성 촉진에 기여할 것이라는 기대를 받고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 연소성 분석 장비(FIA/FCA)와 열 중량 분석 장비(TGA)를 활용하여 잔사유 연료첨가제가 혼합된 잔사유의 연소성을 분석하였다. 연소성 분석 장비(FIA/FCA)의 결과로는 연소에 의한 일의 총량을 분석하도록 분석법이 개발되었으며, 이 때문에 본 연구를 통하여 동일 장비를 활용하면서도 연소 효율을 간단하게 평가할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다. 연소성 분석 결과인 ROHR 곡선으로부터, 단순한 삼각함수를 활용하여 연소특성을 예측할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였으며, 이 기법을 활용하여 기존의 압력 곡선과 유사한 결론을 도출할 수 있었다. 열 중량 분석(TGA)의 경우 연료유의 증발 특성에 민감하게 반응함을 확인하였고, 첨가제가 연료유 증발에 효과적으로 작용함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.552-561
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• 2006

The single droplet combustion characteristics of diesel fuel and low quality oil with additive oxygenate and paraffin under high ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure were investigated in the study. The results of the study may are concluded as follows: In the combustion of diesel fuel and low quality oil droplet with additive of oxygenate and paraffin. the dimensionless droplet size of $(D/Do)^2$ was linearly decreased with time. A fuel droplet with low boiling temperature additives and in high boiling temperature base fuel evaporates and burns faster than usual base fuel. Especially. these trends were remarkably obtained by decreasing boiling point and increasing blending contents of additives in case of oxygenated agents rather than n-paraffin agents. This rapid burning may result from so-called 'micro-explosion' and its burning intensity varies with the types of additives. The results above may suggest that rapid evaporation of oxygenate additive in the middle stage of combustion can contribute much to combustion improvement of blended fuels.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.279-283
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• 2007

In this study, the potential possibility of oxygenates on di-ether group (DBE, dibutyl ether) was investigated as an additives for an agricultural direct injection diesel engine. It tested to estimate change of engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics for the commercial diesel fuel and oxygenates additives blending fuel which has four kinds of mixed ratio. The smoke emission of blending fuel (diesel fuel 80 vol-% + DBE 20 vol-%) was reduced in comparison with diesel fuel, that is, it was reduced approximately 26% at 2500 rpm, full load. And, power, torque and brake specific energy consumption didn't have large differences. But, NOx emission of blended fuel was increased compared with commercial diesel fuel.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.809-820
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• 2018

DeNOx experiments for the effects of hydrocarbon additives on diesel SNCR process were conducted under oxidizing diesel exhaust conditions. A diesel-fueled combustion system was set up to simulate the actual cylinder and head, exhaust pipe and combustion products, where the reducing agent $NH_3$ and $C_2H_6/diesel$ fuel additives were separately or simultaneously injected into the exhaust pipe, used as the SNCR flow reactor. A wide range of air/fuel ratios (A/F=20~40) were maintained, based on engine speeds where an initial NOx level was 530 ppm and the molar ratios (${\beta}=NH_3/NOx$) ranged between 1.0~2.0, together with adjusting the amounts of hydrocarbon additives. Temperature windows were normally formed in the range of 1200~1350K, which were shifted downwards by 50~100K with injecting $C_2H_6/diesel$ fuel additives. About 50~68% NOx reduction was possible with the above molar ratios (${\beta}$) at the optimum flow #1 ($T_{in}=1260K$). Injecting a small amount of $C_2H_6$ or diesel fuel (${\gamma}=hydrocarbon/NOx$) gave the promising results, particularly in the lower exhaust temperatures, by contributing to the sufficient production of active radicals ($OH/O/HO_2/H$) for NOx reduction. Unfortunately, the addition of hydrocarbons increased the concentrations of byproducts such as CO, UHC, $N_2O$ and $NO_2$, and their emission levels are discussed. Among them, Injecting diesel fuel together with the primary reductant seems to be more encouraging for practical reason and could be suggested as an alternative SNCR DeNOx strategy under diesel exhaust systems, following further optimization of chemicals used for lower emission levels of byproducts.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.1260-1268
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• 2018

항공터빈유는 등유 기반의 석유제품에 산화 방지제(Antioxidant), 빙결 방지제(Fuel system icing inhibitor, FSII), 전기전도도 향상제(Electrical conductivity improver) 등의 첨가제를 첨가하여 항공기 연료로서 필요한 성능 향상 및 보관이나 이송 등에 관한 특정한 능력을 부여시키고 있다. 이들 첨가제는 항공터빈유의 품질에 이상이 발생하거나 다른 석유제품과 구별하기 위하여 그 첨가량을 정성 및 정량적으로 분석할 수 있어야 한다. 항공터빈유는 수많은 탄화수소 화합물로 구성된 복잡한 화합물이기 때문에 미량으로 첨가된 산화 방지제와 빙결 방지제를 분석하기 위하여 Multi-dimensional GC-MS (MDGC-MS)의 Deans switching 기술을 적용하였다. 2.5 - 20 mg/L 농도 범위의 산화 방지제와 빙결 방지제를 MDGC-MS로 정량 및 정성적으로 분석할 수 있었으며, 검출 한계는 1-dimensional GC-MS의 분석 결과와 비교하여 약 2배 정도 낮았다. 본 연구에서 개발된 시험 방법은 기존의 GC-MS보다 첨가제 피크의 분리능이 더 우수하였으며, 시료의 전처리가 필요없이 두 가지 첨가제를 동시에 분석할 수 있었다.