• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2008

This study is aimed at substantially reducing the particulate matter (dust) emission during the combustion of heavy fuel in boilers by addition of combustion improver. The combustion improver used were the oil-soluble organometallic compounds that were found to be more effective than the dispersing agents that are generally used for reducing the particulate emission. The dust reduction effect was found to depend on the active materials (metals) as well as on the organic ligand part of organometallic compounds. Acetylacetonoate and naphthenate of Fe and Ca were found to be most effective for dust reduction. Addition of Fe and Ca organometallic compounds as combustion improver in concentration of 30 ppm (metal basis) to heavy fuel oil, caused dust reduction by 50 wt% to 80 wt%.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.327-334
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• 2002

Transesterfication of vegetable oils and methanol with alkaline catalyst was carried out to produce biodiesel fuel by continuous process. The process consists of two static mixers, one tubular reactor and two coolers and gave $96{\sim}99$% of methyl ester yield from soybean oil and rapeseed oil. Experimental variables were the molar ratios of methanol to vegetable oil, alkaline catalyst contents, flow rates, mixer element number. The optimum ranges of operating variables were as follows; reaction temperature of $70^{\circ}C$, l:6 of molar ratio of methanol to oil, O.4%(w/w) sodium hydroxide based on oil, static mixer elements number of 24 and 4 min. residence time.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.64-67
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• 2003

In order to identify the origin and nature of the spilled oil in the potential source, we analyzed the concentrations of specific fuel constituents in fuel standard and environmental samples. The ratios of pristane/phytane are virtually unaltered because these compounds have the same bolatility in environmental samples. These were useful to identify the source of the fuel oil and to assess the effect of microbial degradation and weathering of the fuel oil. We analyzed the ratios of pristane/phytane in neat white kerosene, boiler kerosene, JP-8 and diesel products from L and S gas station. The ratios of pristane/phytane in L-white kerosene and JP-8 was 3.10 $\pm$0.03 and 1.77 $\pm$ 0.01, respectively. Otherwise, the ratios of pristane/phytane in water phase after distribution of fuel oil and water was 2.97 $\pm$0.02 in case of white kerosene and 1.65 $\pm$ 0.02 in case of JP-8. It is apparent from the results that the ratios of pristane/phytane were as product-specific, especially between kerosene and JP-8, and therefore, can also be used for fuel type identification in free products and groundwater samples which were collected in monitoring wells.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.364-372
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• 2012

Transient mixing states of two different fuel oils, dimethylformamide (DMF) oil and JetA1 oil, were investigated by using a color image processing and a neural network. A tank ($D{\times}H$, $310{\times}370mm$) was filled with JetA1 oil. The DMF oil was filled at a top tank, and was mixed with the JetA1 oil in the tank mixing tank via a sudden opening which was performed by nitrogen gas with 1.9 bar. An impeller was rotated with 700 rpm for mixing enhancements of the two fuel oils. To visualize the mixing state of the DMF oil with the JetA1 oil, the DMF oil was coated with Rhodamine B whose color was red. A LCD monitor was used for uniform illumination. The color changes of the DMF oil were captured by a camcoder and the images were transferred to a host computer for quantifying the information of color changes. The color images of two mixed oils were captured with the camcoder. The R, G, B color information of the captured images was used to quantify the concentration of the DMF oil. To quantify the concentration of the DMF oil in the JetA1 oil, a calibration of color-to-concentration was carried out before the main experiment was done. Transient mixing states of DMF oil with the JetA1 oil since after the sudden infiltration were quantified and characterized with the constructed visualization technique.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.81-86
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• 2007

Biodiesel fuel that consists of saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acid alkyl esters is an alternative diesel fuel produced from vegetable oils or animal fats. However, air causes autoxidation of biodiesel fuel during storage, which can reduce fuel quality by adversely affecting its properties, such as the kinematic viscosity and acid value. One approach for improving the resistance of fatty derivatives to autoxidation is to mix them with antioxidants. This study investigated the effectiveness of five such antioxidants in mixtures with biodiesel fuels produced by three biodiesel manufacturers : tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), propyl gallate (PrG) and $\alpha$-tocopherol. Oxidation stability was determined using Rancimat equipment. The results show that TBHQ, BHA, and BHT were the most effective and $\alpha$-tocopherol was the least effective at increasing the oxidation stability of biodiesel. This study recommends that TBHQ and PrG be used for safeguarding biodiesel fuel from the effects of autoxidation during storage.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.170-182
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• 2024

The dimensional accuracy and consistency of a dual oil circuit centrifugal fuel nozzle are important for fuel distribution and combustion efficiency in an engine combustion chamber. A point cloud measurement method was proposed to solve the geometric accuracy detection problem for the fuel nozzle. An improved variance focus measure operator was used to extract the depth point cloud. Compared with other traditional sharpness evaluation functions, the improved operator can generate the best evaluation curve, and has the least noise and the shortest calculation time. The experimental results of point cloud slicing measurement show that the best window size is 24 × 24 pixels. In the height measurement experiment of the standard sample block, the relative error is 2.32%, and in the fuel nozzle cone angle measurement experiment, the relative error is 2.46%, which can meet the high precision requirements of a dual oil circuit centrifugal fuel nozzle.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.4D
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• pp.587-592
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• 2006

The joint sealants used in the airside should resist the high temperature of the jet blast and the jet fuel oil spilled when the aircraft is maintained and filled. The material of joint sealant for the airside should be different from that for the road due to these characteristics. Three different kinds of the joint sealant materials were tested in this paper. The materials include the polysulfide, the polyurethane and the silicon. The test results show that the physical properties and the performance of the polysulfide show the high resistance to the jet blast and the jet fuel oil. When the characteristics of the airside considered, the polysulfide may apply in the both of the runway and the apron area, the polyuretane can be applied the taxiway. The use of the silicon sealant is not recommended for the airside.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.159-166
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• 2008

In this study, the characteristics of emulsified fuel and engine emissions were studied. Emulsified fuel which composed of water and diesel was manufactured by using homogenizer and ultrasonic generator. Engine emissions were studied whit engine dinamometer. In emulsified fuel, density and viscosity were increased with increasing water contents, but viscosity was decreased over 60% of water in emulsion fuel. The emulsion type of W/O changed to that of O/W over 60% of water in emulsion fuel. In the results of engine dinamometer test, NOx concentration and smoke density were reduced with increasing water contents in emulsified fuel but reciprocal in the case of THC, CO. Temperature and power were reduced with increasing water contents in emulsion fuel. In conclusion, it seemed that using emulsified fuel for diesel engine was effective for reducing NOx concentration and smoke density.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.440-447
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• 2000

It's a tendency to strengthen related international laws as the importance on marine oil pollution recently becomes the issue. According to the regulation of IMO, oil discharge from ships is allowed under 15 ppm only and oil filtering equipment is essential. However, for large ships using heavy fuel oil of over S.G 0.98 and viscosity 380 cSt and system oil, it has been in difficulty to process with existing filtering type of oily water separator. Oily water pre-separator of laminated plate type which is one of gravity type separator has very simple structure and it also makes easier to maintain and repair. In another words, it fits well to process large amount of rich oil with high specific gravity. In this paper, oily water pre-separator of laminated plate type has been studied. The function of emulsified oil and 4 different types of oil have been analyzed and each character has been investigated and proved by experiments. As the result of it, the efficiency of separating oil water has been advanced by 10% in case equipped with pre-separator. In addition, the higher temperature is and the more laminated plate has, it turns out to be getting more effect.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.351-358
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• 1999

In these days, we are faced to a couple of difficult problems, the one is the unstable price of the energy due to the shortage of fossil fuel resources and the other is the serious environmental pollution from the excessive consumption of fossil fuel. In order to save the thermal energy for the house heating, in this study the heat pump using the natural thermal energy resources was provided for Ondol heating and the thermal energy consumption of the heat was compared to that of oil boiler. The results could be summarized as follows: 1. In the Ondol room the temperature difference between the Ondol surface and room air was about 5∼$10^{\circ}C$ in accordance with the ambient temperature. 2. The Ondol room heating efficiency of the heat pump with compressor of 2PS was the highest at the water flow rate of 200 l/h. 3. The energy saving rate of the heat pump to the oil boiler for heating the Ondol system was 19.3%. 4. The Ondol heating cost of the heat pump was less 20.6% than that of oil boiler when oil price was 478 won/l.