• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 1996

A vaporization model for single component fuel droplet has been developed for applying to sub- and supercritical conditions. This model can account for transient liquid heat ins and circulation effect inside the droplet, forced and natural convection, Stefan flow effect, real gas effect and ambient gas solubility into the liquid droplet in high-pressure conditions. Thermodynamic and transport properties are calculated as functions of temperature and pressure in both phases. Numerical calculations are carried out for several validation cases with the detailed experimental data. Numerical results confirm that this supercritical vaporization model is applicable to the high-pressure conditions encountered in the combustion processes of diesel engine.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.1083-1094
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• 2003

This study represents an assessment of the phase-Doppler technique to the measurements of dense droplet laden jet. High-pressure injection fuel sprays have been investigated to evaluate the use of the Phase-Doppler anemometry (PDA) technique. The critical issue is the stability of the phase-Doppler anemometry technique for dense droplet laden jet such as Diesel fuel spray in order to insure the results from the drop size and velocity measurements are repeatable, consistent, and physically realistic because the validation rate of experimental data is very low due to the thick optical density. The effect of shift frequency is minor, however, the photomultiplier tube (PMT) voltage setting is very sensitive to the data acquisition and noise in dense droplet laden jet. The optimum PMT voltage and shift frequency should be chosen so that the data such as volume flux and drop diameter do not change rapidly.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

The water-in-fuel droplets were applied to investigate the effect of mixing ratio between water and decane, ambient temperature, droplet size and spacing between droplets on ignition and micro-explosion in a heated chamber with high temperature. The ignition temperature of droplet was found lower as the droplet size was increased and the contents of water was decreased. The life time of droplet, however, decreases as the contents of water increases due to the micro-explosion. The occurrence of micro-explosion also increases as the size of droplets and the ambient temperature increase. The flame spread speed gets faster as the contents of water and the number of suspender decreases.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.63-71
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• 2001

The objective of this work is to elucidate the details of two key factors dominating the droplet buring behavior in sprays : droplet-droplet interaction and convective flow. The combustion of a one-dimensional linear droplet array with a convective flow has been studied. A one-step, second order model was employed to simulate the chemical reaction in the combustion process. Results for droplet arrays burning at two Reynolds numbers, 50 and 100, two horizontal droplet spacings, 5 and 11 radii, and two vertical droplet spacing, 2 and 4 radii, were obtained. The results indicate the droplet burning behavior is affected by Reynolds number, droplet-droplet spacing, and the relative location of droplets in the array. Droplet-droplet interaction was found to be strong for arrays with smaller droplet spacing.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.131-139
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• 1999

Experimental investigations on flame spread in droplet arrays have been conducted under supercritical ambient pressures of fuel droplet. Flame spread rates are measured for n-Decane droplet of diameters of 0.75 and 1.0mm, using high speed images of OH chemiluminescence up to 3.0MPa. The pattern of flame spread is categorized into two: a continuous mode and an intermittent one. There exists a limit droplet spacing, above which flame spread does not occur. Flame spread rate with the decrease of droplet spacing increases and then decreases after takin& a maximum. It is also seen that there exists a limit ambient pressure, above which flame spread does not occur. Flame spread rate decreases monotonically with the increase of ambient pressure. Exceptionally, In the case of a small droplet spacing, flame spread with the increase of ambient pressure is extended to supercritical pressures of fuel droplet. This is caused by enhanced vaporization with the increase of ambient pressure. Consequently, in flame spread with droplet droplet spacing, the relative position of flame to droplet spacing plays an important role. The monotonic decrease with ambient pressure is mainly related to the reduction of flame radius in subcritical pressures and the extension to supercritical pressures of flame spread is caused by the reduction of ignition time of unburnt droplet due to the enhanced vaporization at supercritical pressures.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2009

This paper present the diesel fuel spray evolution and atomization performance in a multi-hole nozzle in terms of injection rate, spray evolutions, and mean diameter and velocity of droplets in a compression ignition engine. In order to study the effect of split injection on the diesel fuel spray and atomization characteristic in a multi-hole nozzle, the test nozzle that has two-row small orifice with 0.2 mm interval was used. The time based fuel injection rate characteristics was analyzed from the pressure variation generated in a measuring tube. The spray characteristics of a multi-hole nozzle were visualized and measured by spray visualization system and phase Doppler particle analyzer (PDPA) system. It was revealed that the total injected fuel quantities of split injection are smaller than those of single injection condition. In case of injection rate characteristics, the split injection is a little lower than single injection and the peak value of second injection rate is lower than single injection. The spray velocity of split injection is also lower because of short energizing duration and small injection mass. It can not observe the improvement of droplet atomization due to the split injection, however, it enhances the droplet distributions at the early stage of fuel injection.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.33-39
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• 1999

This paper presents the spray atomization characteristics of the high-pressure gasoline injector for the direct-injection gasoline engine. The gasoline sprays of the injector were minted into a pressurized spray chamber with a optical access at various ambient pressures. The atomization characteristics of fuel spray such as mean diameter, mean velocity of droplet were measured by the phase Doppler particle analyzer system. In order to investigate the effect of fuel injection pressure on the quantitative characteristics of spray, the global visualization and experiment of particle measurement in the fuel spray were investigated at 3, 5 and 7 MPa of injection pressure under different ambient pressure in the spray chamber. Based on the results of this work, the fuel injection pressure of fuel injector in gasoline direct-injection engine have influence upon distribution of the mean velocity and droplet size of fuel spray. Also, the influence of injection pressure on the velocity distribution at various measuring location were investigated.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.187-192
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• 2008

In this study, the mechanisms of binary droplet collision were studied with diesel, ethanol and purified water. The droplet collisions of liquid droplet have been investigated for the same droplet diameter. In order to obtain the digital images of the droplet collision behavior, the experimental equipment was composed of the droplet generating system and the droplet visualization system. The droplets were produced by the vibrating orifice monodisperse generator. The visualization system consisted of a long distance microscope, a light source, and a high speed camera. The outcomes of binary droplet collision can be divided into four regimes, bouncing, coalescence, reflexive separation and stretching separation. The impact angle and the relative velocity of binary droplet are main parameters of collision phenomena, so the transition mechanism of droplet collision can be divided by the impact parameter.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.140-148
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• 1999

Experiments on flame spread in an one-dimensional droplet array up to supercritical pressures of fuel droplet have been conducted In normal gravity and microgravity. Evaporating process around unburnt droplet is observed through high-speed Schlieren and direct visualizations in detail, and flame spread rate is measured using high speed chemiluminescence images of OH radical. Flame spread behaviors are categorized into three: flame spread is continuous at low pressures and is regularly intermittent up to the critical pressure of fuel. flame spread is irregularly intermittent and zig-zag at supercritical pressures of fuel. At atmospheric pressure, the limit droplet spacing and the droplet spacing of maximum flame spread rate in microgravity are larger than those in normal gravity. In microgravity, the flame spread rate with the increase of ambient pressure decreases initially, takes a minimum, and then decreases after taking maximum. This is so because the flame spread time is determined by competing effects between the increased transfer time of thermal boundary layer due to reduced flame diameter and the reduced ignition delay time in terms of the increase of ambient pressure. Consequently, it is found that flame spread behaviors in microgravity are considerably different from those in normal gravity due to the absence of natural convection.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.100-111
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• 1994

Observations on the near-nozzle behavior of an unsteady fuel spray through single cylindrical hole nozzle were made by phase Doopler anemometer and microphotographs. At the edge of the spray, droplet velocity peaked during needle opening and closing. Droplet sizes tended to be small on the edge of spray. The near-nozzle spray angle taken from the microphotographs was time-dependent, even though it increased with gas-to-liquid density ratio as expected. The near-nozzle spray angle was the greatest on the initial stage and decreased to a relatively constant value after about one third of the total injection duration regardless of the ambient gas conditions, even in the near-vaccum condition. The wider near-nozzle spray angle in the early stage is due to the flow characteristics inside the nozzle rather than aerodynamic interactions. However, once the spray was established, aerodynamic interactions are essential in the near-nozzle atomization.