• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.59-70
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• 2008

Objectives: Investigation of the antidepressant effects of Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium(CR) Methods: In order to investigate the antidepressant effects of Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium(CR), we performed the forced swimming test. Also the expression of CRF, HSP70 and c-fos was measured with immunohistochemical method at PVN. Results: 1. The duration of immobility in the forced swimming test was significantly decreased in the CR 100mg/kg, 400mg/kg groups. 2. In the Control group, CRF expression was significantly increased in the PVN. Also, these CRF increase were significantly reduced in the CR 100mg/kg and 400mg/kg treated group. 3. HSP70 expression was significantly decreased at PVN in the CR 100mg/kg and 400mg/kg treated group. 4. C-fos expression was significantly decreased at PVN in the CR 100mg/kg and 400mg/kg treated group. Conclusions: According to the results, it can be considered that Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium has antidepressant effect.

• BMB Reports
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• 제46권8호
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• pp.416-421
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• 2013

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have become popular as an approach for the identification of large numbers of phenotype-associated variants. However, differences in genetic architecture and environmental factors mean that the effect of variants can vary across populations. Understanding population genetic diversity is valuable for the investigation of possible population specific and independent effects of variants. EvoSNP-DB aims to provide information regarding genetic diversity among East Asian populations, including Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. Non-redundant SNPs (1.6 million) were genotyped in 54 Korean trios (162 samples) and were compared with 4 million SNPs from HapMap phase II populations. EvoSNP-DB provides two user interfaces for data query and visualization, and integrates scores of genetic diversity (Fst and VarLD) at the level of SNPs, genes, and chromosome regions. EvoSNP-DB is a web-based application that allows users to navigate and visualize measurements of population genetic differences in an interactive manner, and is available online at [http://biomi.cdc.go.kr/EvoSNP/].

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.230-235
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• 2013

Amaranths (Amaranthus sp.), an endemic American crop, are now grown widely across the world. This study used 14 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to analyze the genetic diversity of 74 amaranth accessions from the United States, with eight accessions from Australia as controls. One hundred twenty-two alleles, averaging eight alleles per locus, were observed. The average major allele frequency, expected heterozygosity, and polymorphism information content (PIC) were 0.44, 0.69, and 0.65, respectively. The structure analysis based on genetic distance classified 77 accessions (94%) into three clusters, while five accessions (6%) were admixtures. Among the three clusters, Cluster 3 had the highest allele number and PIC values, while Cluster 2 had the lowest. The lowest FST was between Clusters 1 and 3, indicating that these two clusters have higher gene flow between them compared to the others. This finding was reasonable because Cluster 2 included most of the Australian accessions. These results indicated satisfactory genetic diversity among U.S. amaranths. These findings can be used to design effective breeding programs involving different plant characteristics.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.770-774
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• 2005

This study investigated the stimulative or sedative effects of inhaling fragrant essential oils (EOs) by using a forced swimming test (FST) with mice. This behavioral test is commonly used to measure the effects of antidepressant drugs. The inhalation by mice of EOs, such as ginger oil (p<0.05), thyme oil (p<0.05), peppermint oil (p<0.05), and cypress oil (p<0.01) resulted in 5% to 22% reduction of immobility. The same results were achieved when over-agitation was artificially induced in the mice by an intraperitoneal injection of caffeine (a psycho-stimulant). In contrast, inhalation of some EOs by the mice resulted in increased immobility. To evaluate more correctly the sedative effects of EOs, the immobility of over-agitated mice induced with caffeine was ascertained after the inhalation of various EOs. Inhalation of lavender oil (p<0.01) and hyssop oil (p<0.01) increased the immobile state in mice that were treated with caffeine. The results of this study indicate that the inhalation of essential oils may induce stimulative or sedative effects in mice.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• 제27권8A호
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• pp.814-821
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• 2002

The SPIHT(set partitioning in hierarchical tree) is efficient and well-known in the zerotree coding algorithm. However SPIHT's high memory requirement is a major difficulty for hardware implementation. In this paper we propose low-memory and fast zerotree algorithm. We present following three methods for reduced memory and fst coding speed. First, wavelet transform by lifting has a low memory requirement and reduced complexity than traditional filter bank implementation. The second method is to divide the wavelet coefficients into a block. Finally, we use NLS algorithm proposed by Wheeler and Pearlman in our codec. Performance of NLS is nearly same as SPIHT and reveals low and fixed memory and fast coding speed.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.99-111
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• 2022

Objectives: Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (RRP) has been used as a traditional remedy to treat gynecology and endocrine diseases. Recently, studies on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of RRP have been reported, so it was judged that RRP extracts would have an anti-depressive effect. Methods: We investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-depressive effect of RRP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression and LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia. RRP inhibited the LPS-stimulated excessive release of nitrite in the BV2 cells. RRP also significantly inhibited the inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Results: RRP significantly suppressed the LPS-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) and nuclear factor (NF)-𝜅B activation. In addition, administration of RRP not only inhibited the immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST) but also increased the total travel distance in the open field test (OFT). Also, RRP inhibited the elevation of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 in brain of LPS-injected mice. Conclusions: Considering the overall results, our study showed that RRP exhibited the anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-depressive activities via deactivation of MAPKs and NF-𝜅B.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.253-262
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• 2023

To identify sand crab Ovalipes punctatus populations and establish management units for each population, mtDNA COI regions were analyzed. As a result, the clade of O. punctatus in Korea were separated by two with a genetic distance of 0.17-2.08%, and there was no significant difference in the result of pairwise FST values representing genetic differentiation by sampling areas (p > 0.05). Also, no geographical separation found in the distribution of haplotypes and the results of the haplotype network. This result suggests that O. punctatus larvae were dispersed for a long time by the ocean current by suffering meroplanktonic period for 1 month, and increased the gene flow due to the development of the swimming legs for the increase in mobility. Therefore, in the results of mtDNA COI region analysis of O. punctatus in the East Sea, Yellow Sea, South Sea and East China Sea (Ieodo) of Korea, no clear intra-species differentiation was found.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 한국정보과학회언어공학연구회 2021년도 제33회 한글 및 한국어 정보처리 학술대회
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• pp.467-472
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• 2021

본 연구는 패션앱 후기글에 나타나는 구매자의 의견에 대한 '평가분석(Evaluation Analysis: EA)'을 수행하여, 이를 기반으로 상품의 검색 및 추천을 수행하는 의류 검색추천 챗봇을 개발하는 LICO 프로젝트의 언어데이터 구축의 일환으로 수행되었다. '평가분석 트리플(EAT)'과 '평가기반요청 쿼드러플(EARQ)'의 구성요소들에 대한 주석작업은, 도메인 특화된 단일형 핵심어휘와 다단어(MWE) 핵심패턴들을 FST 방식으로 구조화하는 DECO-LGG 언어자원에 기반하여 반자동 언어데이터 증강(SSP) 방식을 통해 진행되었다. 이 과정을 통해 20여만 건의 후기글 문서(230만 어절)로 구성된 EVAD 평가주석데이터셋이 생성되었다. 여성의류 도메인의 평가분석을 위한 '평가속성(ASPECT)' 성분으로 14가지 유형이 분류되었고, 각 '평가속성'에 연동된 '평가내용(VALUE)' 쌍으로 전체 35가지의 {ASPECT-VALUE} 카테고리가 분류되었다. 본 연구에서 구축된 EVAD 평가주석 데이터의 성능을 평가한 결과, F1-Score 0.91의 성능 평가를 획득하였으며, 이를 통해 향후 다른 도메인으로의 확장된 적용 가능성이 유효함을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.216-216
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• 2022

The starch-branching enzymes (BEs) are responsible for synthesizing the amylopectin, which plays an important role in determining the structural and physical properties of starch granules. BE has two differently functioning isoforms (BEI and BEIIa/b) based on their difference in the chain-length pattern by the degree of polymerization (DP), which mainly contributes to the amylopectin chain length distribution in starch biosynthesis. In this study, we investigated functional haplotypes and evolutionary analyses of SBE1 in 374 rice accessions (320 Korean bred and 54 wild). The analyses were performed based on the classified subpopulations. Haplotype analysis generates a total of 8 haplotypes, of which only four haplotypes were functional carrying four functional SNPs in four different exons of SBE1 on chromosome 6. Nucleotide diversity analysis showed a highest pi-value in aromatic group (0.0029), while the lowest diversity value was in temperate japonica (0.0002), indicating the signal of this gene evolution origin. Different directional selections could be estimated by negative Tajima's D value of temperate japonica (-1.1285) and positive Tajima's D value of tropical japonica (0.9456), where the selective sweeps were undergone by both positive purifying and balancing selections. Phylogenetic analysis indicates a closer relationship of the wild with most of the cultivated subgroups indicating a common ancestor for SBE1 gene. FST-values indicate distant genetic relationships of temperate japonica from all other classified groups. PCA and population structure analysis show an admixed structure of wild and cultivated subpopulations in some proportions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.110-110
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• 2022

Rice is the world's most important food crop and a major source of nutrition for about two thirds of populations. Northern Vietnam is one of the most important centers of genetic diversity for cultivated rice. In this study, we determined the genetic diversity and population structure of 79 rice landraces collected from northern Vietnam and 19 rice accessions collected from different countries. In total, 98 rice accessions could be differentiated into japonica and indica with moderate genetic diversity and a polymorphism information content of 0.382. We also detected subspecies-specific markers to classify rice (Oryza sativa L.) into indica and japonica. Additionally, we detected five marker-trait associations and rare alleles that can be applied in future breeding programs. Most interestingly, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) found genetic differentiation was related to geographical regions with an overall PhiPT (analog of fixation index FST) value of 0.130. More emphasis was given to provide signatures and infer explanations about the role of geographical isolation and environmental heterogeneity in genetic differentiation among regions in landraces from northern Vietnam. Our results suggest that rice landraces in northern Vietnam have a dynamic genetic system that can create different levels of genetic differentiation among regions, but also maintain a balanced genetic diversity between regions.