• 제목/요약/키워드: Frying

검색결과 415건 처리시간 0.031초

Quality Characteristics of Beef by Different Cooking Methods for Frozen Home Meal Replacements

  • Kim, Kwang-Il;Lee, Sang-Yoon;Hwang, In-Guk;Yoo, Seon-Mi;Min, Sang-Gi;Choi, Mi-Jung
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.441-448
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    • 2015
  • Blanching beef for use in home meal replacements (HMR) is an important process that determines the final quality of the beef after the cooking process. Thermal pretreatment also minimizes the change in quality during the main cooking process or storage. In this study, beef samples were washed and sliced, then treated by immersion in boiling water (1-10 min), steaming (1-10 min), or pan-frying in oil (30-240 s). The color after each thermal treatment showed higher L* and b* values and lower a* values compared with the raw beef, except for the pan-frying thermal treatment. The total color difference (∆E) and pH value were significantly increased by panfrying (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the shear force of the beef samples, except for the sample pan-fried for 210 s. The nutritional content of beef was measured as the moisture, protein, fat, and ash contents, which were 69.96, 16.64, 3.49, and 1.13%, respectively, in raw beef. After thermal treatment, the crude protein and fat contents were increased, whereas the moisture and ash contents decreased. The mineral content, including Na, Mg, Fe, and Ca was highest after pan-frying. The heat treatment decreased microorganisms in all the samples. The total bacteria count in raw beef was 4.5-4.7 Log CFU/g, whereas the bacteria count decreased to 2.2-2.8 Log CFU/g after blanching. Thermophilic bacteria, coliform, mold, and yeast not detected in any thermally treated sample.

가열산화에 의한 대두유와 면실유의 물리화학적 특성변화와 상관관계 (Relationship between Physical and Chemical Properties of Frying Vegetable Oils)

  • 이근태;박성민;황영길;강옥주
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.654-659
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    • 1994
  • 대두유와 면실유를 $160^{\circ}C,\;180^{\circ}C,\;200^{\circ}C\;및\;220^{\circ}C$에서 60시간 연속 가열하면서 이 때 일어나는 물리화학적 특성변화를 살펴보고 이들 간의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 가열시간이 경과함에 따라 산가, 카르보닐가, 요오드가, 점도, 중합체 함량은 증가하였고, 요오드가는 감소하였으며, 가열온도 $180^{\circ}C$ 이하에서는 이들의 변화가 낮았고, $200^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 전체적으로 높게 나타났다. 점도와 산가 변화의 상관도는 대두유 0.9843, 면실유 0.9819이었고, 점도와 카르보닐가의 변화에서는 대두유 0.9779, 면실유 0.9797이었다. 점도와 요오드가의 변화에서는 대두유 0.9852, 면실유 0.9948로 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 튀김유의 가열산화에 있어서 점도의 변화를 측정함으로써 산가, 카르보닐가 및 요오드가의 변화를 비교적 정확하고 빠르게 예측할 수 있음을 시사하고 있다고 사료된다.

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육류단백질(肉類蛋白質)의 소화(消化)에 미치는 조리조건(調理條件)의 영향(影響) <식용우육(食用牛肉)과 오징어육(肉)의 소화흡수율(消化吸收率)> (Effect of Cooking Condition on the Enzymatic Digestibility of Meat Protein )

  • 최흥민;신광순;윤정의;이부웅
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.70-74
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    • 1974
  • 한우(韓牛)의 round muscle과 오징어 근육(筋肉)을 여러 가지 조리조건(調理條件)으로 처리(處理)하여 pepsin에 의한 in vitro 소화율(消化率)과 소화과정중(消化過程中)의 amino태(態) N, 유기용매(有機溶媒) 처리(處理)가 소화율(消化率)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 AOAC에 의한 semi-micro Kjeldahl법(法)으로 실험(實驗)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 소화율(消化率)은 우육(牛肉)에서 autoclaving, frying, raw, freezing, roasting, boiling, dry heating의 순서이며 오징어육(肉)에서는 raw, autoclaving, boiling, freezing, frying, dry heating, roasting의 순서로 높았다. 2. Amino태(態) N는 우육(牛肉), 오징어육(肉) 공(共)히 소화율(消化率)이 높은 순서로 비례해서 증가(增加)한다. 3. 우육(牛肉)과 오징어육(肉)의 raw condition에서 ether처리(處理)가 소화율(消化率)에 거의 영향을 미치지 않는다.

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고추장 첨가 중국 음식에 대한 중국인의 관능적 특성 및 기호도 분석 (Sensory Characteristics and Preference of Various Chinese Foods added Kochujang by Chinese Focus Group)

  • 김선아;이민아;박정은
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제21권5호
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    • pp.607-615
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of Chinese foods in main ingredients, sauces, and cooking methods, and to assess the applicability of kochujang in Chinese foods. Twenty Chinese foods and commercial kochujang were selected by a Chinese head cook. The main ingredients were 24 kinds such as pork, chicken, shrimp, bok choy, bean curd, Chinese noodles etc., which were generally used in Korean foods. The main Chinese sauces were 11 kinds, and soy sauce was used in 12 foods, shang loo tau soy sauce in 2, wine in 8, oyster sauce in 7, rice wine in 6. The classification of cooking units in all Chinese foods was performed and the cooking frequency was deep frying>pan frying>boiling>stir frying>steaming>roasting. The proper amount of kochujang (weight ratio) was decided by pre-test of the Chinese head cook and Chinese food added kochujang was assessed by a Chinese focus group. The overall preference of Chinese food added kochujang was assessed highly and was related to the kinds of sauces, and to the kinds of main ingredients. The foods which used soy sauce or shang loa tau soy sauce were preferred. Sweetness by using kochujang wasn't preferred in several foods. Saltiness and aftertaste by using kochujang didn't affect the food preference, and the intensity of color and pungency were evaluated as a moderate level. An increased amount of kochujang would be possible in several foods. However, the increase in the amount of kochujang for intensive color and pungency in Chinese foods was directly related to the increase of sweetness, which had been discussed as the main problem in lowering the preference. Therefore, the screening of various Chinese foods harmonized with kochujang and the determination of the proper mixing ratio with Chinese sauces are very important. The results of this study could be used as basic data for the promotion of kochujang consumption in the Chinese market.

펙틴 및 감자전분 첨가가 저지방 돈육 패티의 품질에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Pectin and Potato Starch on the Quality Characteristics of Low-Fat Pork Patties)

  • 주신윤;정해정
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제23권6호
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    • pp.824-831
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    • 2007
  • This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of low-fat pork patties containing fat replacers. Pectin(PE) and potato starch(PO) were added as fat replacers and physicochemical properties of the patties were evaluated after oven-roasting or pan-frying. Uncooked and cooked pork patties formulated with the fat replacers were higher in moisture and ash content and lower in fat content than those of the control. The cooking yield and reduction in diameter of the patties were significantly improved by the addition of PE or PO and oven-roasting exhibited a higher cooking yield and lower reduction in diameter than pan-frying (p<0.05). Water holding capacity(WHC) and fat retention were highest in the patties formulated with PE, while the control had the lowest WHC when cooked by oven-roasting. The Hunter L (lightness) values were not different among the patties but the Hunter a (redness) and b (yellowness) values of the low fat pork patties were higher than those of the control and oven-roasting produced higher redness values than pan frying. Hardness and brittleness were lowest in the patties with PE, while cohesiveness and springiness showed no difference among the patties (p<0.05). The sensory analysis results showed that the use of PE or PO improved the overall acceptability of the low-fat pork patties. After 30 days of storage at $-20^{\circ}C$, pH and cooking yield decreased slightly, while hardness increased in all the patties.

튀김조건에 따른 가열 우지의 산화안정성 (Oxidative Stability of Tallow Heated by Different Frying Conditions)

  • 장영상;양주홍
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.331-337
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    • 2001
  • 가열우지의 산화 안정성을 연구하기 위하여 우지를 130, 150 및 18$0^{\circ}C$의 세가지 튀김온도 조건에서 하루에 10시간씩 총 240시간 가열하였을 때 가열시간에 따라 지방질의 산화정도를 나타내는 각종 이화학적 특성치들(산값, 과산화물값, 요오드값, 유전상수, 극성화합물 및 중합물의 함량, 굴절률, 발연점 및 점도)과 색도의 변화를 연구하였다. 가열한 우지의 산값, 유전상수, 굴절률, 점도, 극성화합물 및 중합물의 함량은 가열시간의 경과에 따라 계속 증가하였고, 과산화물 값은 가열시간의 경과에 따라 증가와 감소를 반복적으로 나타냈다. 요오드값과 발연점은 가열시간의 경과에 따라 계속 감소하였으며, 이러한 이화학적 특성치들의 변화는 가열온도가 높을수록 심하였다. 색도는 가열시간이 경과함에 따라 황색도와 적색도가 증가하여 전체의 색깔은 착색화되는 경향을 나타냈고, 그 착색의 정도는 시료의 산화정도와 밀접한 관계가 있어 고온에서 가열할수록 심하였다. 따라서 높은 온도에서 튀기면 각종 이화학적 향수들의 변화가 일어나므로 튀김유의 열화는 물론 가공식품의 품질에 영향을 미칠 것이다.

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감압유탕 건조당근의 흡습특성 및 품질에 미치는 덱스트린의 영향 (Effect of Dextrin on Sorption Characteristics and Quality of Vacuum Frying Dried Carrot)

  • 이철;조승용
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.241-247
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    • 1991
  • 본 연구는 감압유탕 당근스낵의 품질에 미치는 dextrin의 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. 전처리 용액으로는 0%, 10%, 20% 및 30%의 dextrin 용액을 사용하였으며, 제조된 감압유탕 건조당근의 흡습성, 복원성. 색도 및 crispness를 조사 분석하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. Dextrin의 농도에 따른 평형수분함량과 흡습속도는 control>10% dextrin>20% dextrin>30% dextrin의 순이었고, BET 단분자막 수분함량은 저장온도가 높을 수록 감소하었고 dextrin 전처리한 시료들의 BET 단분자막 수분함량은 그 농도가 높을 수록 감소하였다. 또한 Dextrin 전처리 농도가 낮을 수록 제품의 명도와 황색도는 증가하였으나 적색도는 감소하였으며, 생당근과 비슷한 색상을 띠는 시료는 20%로 전처리한 시료였다. 그리고 감압유탕 건조당근제품은 전처리한 dextrin 용액의 농도가 높을 수록 crispness intensity도 높았다.

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편의점 도시락의 식단형태별, 가격대별, 편의점 브랜드별 영양성분 함량 평가 (Evaluation of Nutritional Content in Convenience Store Lunchboxes by Meal Type, Price, and Store Brand)

  • 박진선;한영희;현태선
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.280-290
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    • 2020
  • Objectives: This study investigated the menu and nutritional contents of convenience store lunchboxes, and evaluated the nutritional content by meal type, price, and store brand. Methods: In September 2019, 93 convenience store lunchboxes from the top five franchise stores were purchased. Relevant information on price, food weight, food ingredients, cooking methods, and nutrition labeling were subsequently collected. Nutritional content was evaluated based on the daily value (DV) and Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ), and energy contribution of carbohydrate, protein, fat, saturated fat and sugar was compared with the recommended range. Results: Most lunchboxes included the food groups; grains/starches, meats/fish/eggs/legumes, and vegetables. However, none provided fruits, and only a few lunchboxes provided milk/milk products. Stir-frying, deep-frying, and pan-frying were the most frequent methods of cooking. The average energy content of the lunchboxes was 736.6 kcal, whereas the average contents of protein, fat and saturated fat were higher than 40% of the DV, and sodium content was 66.8% of the DV. The contents of most nutrients in traditional type lunchboxes were higher, as compared to nutrients in onedish type lunchboxes. Considering pricing of lunchboxes, protein and sodium contents were higher in the higher-priced lunchboxes as compared to lower-priced lunchboxes, but there were no differences in the INQs. The contents of energy, protein, fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol significantly differed by brand. Conclusions: Our results indicate that convenience store lunchboxes contain high levels of protein, fat, saturated fat, and sodium. The nutritional contents differed by meal type, price, and store brand, and higher price did not imply higher nutritional quality. We propose the need to educate consumers to check nutrition labels and purchase appropriate lunchboxes. Manufacturers also need to make efforts to reduce the amounts of fat, saturated fat, and sodium, and not provide protein in excess.

산성도가 다른 제올라이트 촉매에서 전이에스터화 반응에 의한 폐식용유로부터 바이오디젤 제조 (Production of Biodiesel from Waste Frying Oil by Transesterification on Zeolite Catalysts with Different Acidity)

  • 고태석;정경환
    • 공업화학
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.214-221
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    • 2008
  • 산성도와 세공구조가 다른 제올라이트 촉매에서 폐식용유의 전이에스터화 반응에 의해 바이오디젤을 제조하였다. $H^+$ 이온 교환한 MOR, MFI, BEA, FAU 제올라이트와 산점이 거의 없는 실리카라이트 촉매의 반응 수율을 조사하였다. 산세기가 가장 강하고 산점이 많은 $H^+$ 이온 교환한 MOR(10) 제올라이트에서 메틸에스터 수율이 약 95%로 가장 높았다. 제올라이트 골격에서 알루미늄을 제거하면 산점의 수가 줄어들고 산세기도 약해지면서 메틸에스터 수율도 감소하였다. 폐식용유의 전이에스터화 반응에서 메틸에스터의 수율은 제올라이트 촉매의 산세기와 산량에 따라 비례하는 것으로 나타났다. 메틸에스터의 수율은 제올라이트의 세공구조에는 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 조사되었다.

연사의 조리 과학적 연구 (A Study on the Processing Conditions of Younsa)

  • 김종한;김태홍
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.59-64
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    • 1986
  • This study was designed to revive the disappeared Younsa and to investigate the optimum processing condition and characteristics of Younsa nade of the glutinous rice powder. Agitating time of base mixture, thickness of Younsa base, and frying time were examined as the influencing factors in Younsa processings. The textural parameters of Younsa were determined by sensory cvaluation and hardness of Younsa was measured by Rheometer. The results were found as follows; 1. In the sensory evaluation, 1) The Younsa base agitated for 10 minutes by agitating machine was favorable. It, however, did not showed any significant difference among products prepared under varying agitaing time-10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes. (p<0.05) 2) The thinnest Younsa base (5 cm$\times$4cm, 1.1-1.5g) showed the most favorable quality and the second quality went to 5cm$\times$4cm, 1.6-2.0g, the third 5cm$\times$4cm, 2.1-2.5g, the fourth 5 cm$\times$4 cm, 2.6-3.0g. (p<0.05) 3) In examination of varying frying time, the optimal time for frying Younsa was 12 minutes was 12 minutes in $150 ^{\circ}C$. However, the quality was found no significant difference between 12 minutes's fried Younsa and 14 minutes's. (p<0.05). 2. The hardness of the most favorable Younsa, agitated for 10 minutes, the thinnest (5 cm$\times$4 cm, 1.1-1.5g), ana fried for 12 minutes in $150^{\circ}C$ was 0.59-0.73 kg/wt measured by Rheometer. The thickest Younsa base (5 cm$\times$4 cm, 2.6-3.0g) is the hardest (1.26 kg/wt). The most optimal conditions in this experiment were found the same ones which was written in historical literature.

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