• Mycobiology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.272-277
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• 2011

Chemical mutagenesis of basidiospores of Hypsizygus marmoreus generated new mushroom strains. The basidospores were treated with methanesulfonate methylester, an alkylating agent, to yield 400 mutant monokaryotic mycelia. Twenty fast-growing mycelia were selected and mated each other by hyphal fusion. Fifty out of the 190 matings were successful (mating rate of 26.3%), judged by the formation of clamp connections. The mutant dikaryons were cultivated to investigate their morphological and cultivation characteristics. Mutant strains No. 3 and No. 5 showed 10% and 6% increase in fruiting body production, respectively. Eight mutant strains showed delayed and reduced primordia formation, resulting in the reduced production yield with prolonged cultivation period. The number of the fruiting bodies of mutant No. 31, which displayed reduced primordial formation, was only 15, compared to the parental number of 65. Another interesting phenotype was a fruiting body with a flattened stipe and pileus. Dikaryons generated by mating with the mutant spore No. 14 produced flat fruiting bodies. Further molecular biological studies will provide details of the mechanism. This work shows that the chemical mutagenesis approach is highly utilizable in the development of mushroom strains as well as in the generation of resources for molecular genetic studies.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.295-302
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• 2021

The effect of punching treatment on bags containing sawdust medium for the stable production of fruiting bodies of Lentinula edodes 'Hwadam' was investigated. After spawn inoculation, the sawdust medium temperature and CO₂ concentration reached 27.0-28.8℃ on the 23^rd day of incubation, and 14.0-15.6% on the 16^th day of incubation, respectively, decreasing thereafter. The O₂ concentration showed an opposite pattern to the CO₂ concentration. As the number of punching treatments on the medium increased during the incubation period, the lightness value decreased, and conversely, the color difference and weight loss rate increased. There was no difference in the cultivation period according to the punching treatment. As the punching treatment increased on the sawdust medium, the fruiting body yield increased; a three-time punching treatment produced the best yield with 605.7 g. Thus, proper punching treatment on a sawdust medium during the incubation period can increase the number of fruiting bodies and yield.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.225-230
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• 2013

We investigated the cultivation characteristics of Neolentinus lepideus (21 strains derived from Korea and Japan) on Pinus densiflora sawdust medium as follows; period of mycelial growth, fruiting period, productivity of fruit body and color and morphology of fruit body. The periods for mycelial growth and fruiting on the sawdust medium of N. lepideus were 40~65 days and 6~22 days, respectively. It was produced approximately 48.3 g of fresh weight and 9 fruit-bodies per 600 g of sawdust medium. The productivity of fruit body was reduced by scratching off the surface of sawdust medium. We suggest that three strains (KFRI 1199, 1302, 1331) might be good candidates for sawdust cultivation.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.125-129
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• 2010

This study was carried out to elucidate suitable spawn culture for an artificial cultivation of Neolentinus lepideus. The optimum culture conditions of the liquid spawn were deffated soy flour for main material, 12 days for culture period and 0.9 vvm for aeration volume, respectively. Sawdust spawn was appropriate for douglas fir sawdust and deffated corn flour (95 : 5, v/v) for mycelia growth and fruiting body formation. In case of liquid spawn, cultivation period was two shorter than sawdust spawn and mushroom yield was 111.9 g per 850ml cultivation bottle. In conclusion, the suitable spawn for fruiting body production was found to be liquid spawn than sawdust spawn with considering cultivation period and mushroom productivity.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Acorn production of some oak species from 2008 to 2010 in Mt. Jiri national park(Pia, Bitjeom, Jangdang, Baemsa, Hansin, and Chilsun) was measured and compared among study area, altitude and aspect because acorns are an important wildlife food resources. Acorns were produced the most in Jangdang and Bitjeom area at year of good fruiting, and those of Bitjeom and Hansin area were produced the most at bad fruiting year. In terms of altitudinal characteristics on acorn production, acorn production in 1000 and 900 m was the most at good fruiting year, and 800 and 900 m at bad fruiting year showed the most production of acorn. Throughout the study period, acorn production on southern slopes was larger than that of northern slopes.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.657-679
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• 2010

Mushroom fruiting was investigated in pine and oak dominated forest stands in Songni National Park located in central Korea for six years from 2003 to 2008, in order to understand the relationship between mushroom diversity and the environmental factors, precipitation, temperature, soil moisture and vegetation. The most frequent fruiting families were those of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms, Tricholomataceae, Amanitaceae, Russulaceae, Cortinariaceae, and Boletaceae. The frequency of mushroom fruiting varied from 94 to 167 species per year, with July and August having the highest(13~90 species). Mushroom fruiting was positively correlated to precipitation(r=0.897), using Palmer Drought Severity Index for the long term period and Standard Precipitation Index for short term period. Soil moisture content also affected mushroom fruiting, with Lactarius chrysorrheus and Russula virescens fruiting only at soil moisture content higher than 20%. Positive correlation between mushroom fruiting and temperature was also noted(r=0.77), with optimum rates at $21{\sim}25^{\circ}C$. Tricholoma flayayirens, Amanita gymnopus, Lactarius piperatus, Inocybe asteropora and Xerocomus chrysenteron were able to fruit at temperatures higher than $25^{\circ}C$. However, Laccaria amethystea, Amanita virosa and Russula mariae fruited at relatively wide temperature range. The influence of vegetation on mushroom fruiting was likewise noted, with 38 species, including Suillus bovinus and Boletopsis leucomelas being specific to pine dominated stands, while 42 species, including Polyporus arcularius and Hericium erinaceum were specific to oak dominated stands. On the other hand, around 50 species, including Laccaria laccata and Lycoperdon parlatum, were able to fruit in both types of vegetation. In conclusion, mushroom fruiting greatly varies with changes in precipitation, soil moisture, temperature and vegetation.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 1961

The author described four triple hybrids by investigating 5000 specimens collected during a period of ten years from all parts of Korea. He concluded that Key factors used for an identification of triple hybrids were mainly trichom types and acorn cup scales. With a plate showing hybrid plants and fruiting characters (latin and Korean).

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.2 s.89
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• pp.87-93
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the morphological characteristics and cultural conditions for artificial fruiting body(synnemata) production of Paecilomyces japonica. In the morphological characteristics of P. japonica, the size of it's conidia was ranged from $5.0{\sim}1.5\;to\;7.9{\sim}2.4\;{\mu}m$. The artificial fruiting body showed yellow in color, shape was confirmed ellipsoidal or obovoid type, and the length was $50.6{\sim}104.5\;mm$. The mycelial growth on the PDA medium treated with pH7, at $25^{\circ}C$ was superior to that of other treatments. The formation period of an artificial fruiting body of P. japonica treated with polypropylene and glass bottle culture was 30 days and 50 days, respectively. The length and number of fruiting body was longer and higher in the polypropylene bottle culture than those of the glass bottle culture. As the results, the artificial fruiting body production in the polypropylene bottle increased 1.2g per bottle compared to that of the glass bottle. It also increased in $100{\sim}400\;lx$ illumination, whereas the elongation of synnemata, pinheading and fruiting body growth were inhibited by continuous use of 900 lx illumination. The results of these experiment indicated that fruiting body formation seemed to be lower as the light intensity increased. The fruiting body formation was also dependent on the light color. There was a higher incidence in red color light and fluorescent light treatment than that of incandescent and blue color light. The fruiting body of the naked barley medium had so much better growth compared to other media that it would be able to use for it's production. The growth of fruiting body was affected by $CO_2$ concentration. It increased after putting the lid on the bottle.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.69-80
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• 2023

The cultivation conditions of shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) influence the production and quality of fruiting bodies. We conducted this study to improve the productivity and quality of shiitake mushrooms by modifying the cultivation conditions. Two types of spawns (sawdust and liquid spawn) were used, and corn flour was used as a nutritional source for the sawdust medium. A blue light-emitting diode (LED; 300 lux) was also used instead of a white LED during the incubation period. Sanbaekhyang was used as the experimental variety. When using corn flour, the mycelial growth rate increased 1.1 to 2.7 times the growth rate of the control up to 21 days of incubation, and the weight loss rate of the media was also higher. Mushroom productivity increased 1.2 times when the liquid spawn was used compared to when the sawdust spawn was used, and the blue LED also increased fruiting body production by 1.1 times compared to the white LED. Mushroom productivity increased when the liquid spawn was used, and the blue LED also increased fruiting body production. Fruiting body weight and the size of the cap were greater when sawdust spawn was used. The fruiting body weight and the stipe diameter were greater when the blue LED was used. Taste analysis showed that the saltiness increased when corn flour was used, and the sourness increased when the blue LED was used.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.74-78
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• 2015

The 'Heuktari', a new mid-high temperature adaptable variety of oyster mushroom for the bottle culture, was bred by mating with monokaryons isolated from 'P11056' and 'MT07156'. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth was $23{\sim}26^{\circ}C$ on PDA medium and that for the primordia formation and the growth of fruiting body of 'Heuktari' was $18{\sim}19^{\circ}C$ on sawdust substrate. In case of bottle cultivation, the period of mycelial growth was required about 30 days. In addition, the period of primordia formation and growth of fruiting body was 4 days and 5 days, respectively. In the characteristics of fruiting body, shape and color of pilei were round type and dark grayish brown, stipe color was white color and stipe shape was short and thick. The yield of fruiting bodies was 180 g/900 ml bottle which was 15% higher than that of Suhan-1ho. The gumminess and brittleness of stipe tissue were 110% and 140% stronger than those of Suhan-1ho, respectively.