• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.281-289
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• 1991

During the storage and transport of fruits in the bulk state, significant damage by dead load may occur. To reduce such damage, the prediction model of allowable pile depth, duration and optimum thickness of packaging cushion for fruits was developed in this study. From the preliminary experiment and some assumptions, the derived equations were verified to be a good prediction of the above three parameters.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2015

Fruit and vegetables are subjected to complex dynamic stresses in the transportation environment. During a long journey from the production area to customers using parcel delivery service, there is always some degree of vibration present. Vibration inputs are transmitted from the vehicle through the packaging to the fruit. Inside, these cause sustained bouncing of fruits against each other and container wall. These steady state vibration input may cause serous fruit injury, and this damage is particularly severe whenever the fruit inside the package is free to bounce, and is vibrated at its resonance frequency. The determination of the resonance frequencies of the fruit and vegetables may help the packaging designer to determine the proper packaging system providing adequate protection for the fruit, and to understand the complex interaction between the components of fruit when they relate to expected transportation vibration inputs. Instrumentation and technologies are described for determining the vibration response characteristics of the fruits with frequency range 3 to 150 Hz. The resonance frequency of the pear ranged from 53 to 102 Hz and the amplitude at resonance was between 1.08 and 2.48 G. The resonance frequency and amplitude at resonance decreased with the increase of the sample mass, and they were slightly affected by mechanical properties such as bioyield deformation and rupture deformation. Regression analysis was performed among the relatively high correlated parameters from the results of correlation coefficient analysis.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.501-507
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• 2004

Fruits we subjected to complex dynamic stresses in the transportation environment. During a long journey from the production area to markets, there is always some degree of vibration present. Vibration inputs are transmitted from the vehicle through the packaging to the fruit. Inside, these cause sustained bouncing of fruits against each other and container wall. These steady state vibration input may cause serious fruit injury, and this damage is particularly severe whenever the fruit inside the package is free to bounce, and is vibrated at its resonant frequency. The determination of the resonant frequencies of the fruit may help the packaging designer to determine the proper packaging system providing adequate protection for the fruit, and to understand the complex interaction between the components of fruit when they relate to expected transportation vibration inputs. The vibration characteristics of the pears in corrugated fiberboard container in transit were analyzed using FEM (finite element method) modeling, and the FEM modeling approach was first validated by comparing the results obtained from simulation and experiment for the pear in the frequency range 3 to 150 Hz and acceleration level of 0.25 G-rms and it was found that between simulated and measured frequencies of the pears have a relatively good agreement. It was observed that the fruit and vegetables in corrugated fiberboard container could be analyzed by finite element method. As the elastic modulus of the cushion materials of corrugated fiberboard pad and tray cup decreased, the first frequencies of upper and lower pears increased and the peak acceleration decreased.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2019

기후변화에 따른 이상난동 현상으로 과수 개화시기는 앞당겨지는 추세이며, 이에 따라 발아-개화기를 전후로 갑작스레 출현하는 저온에 의한 피해사례가 증가하고 있다. 특정 과원 내에서 동일한 저온이 발생하더라도 개별 과수의 현재 발육상태에 따라 저온에 견뎌내는 힘은 각각 다르므로 피해정도와 양상은 다르게 나타나는데, 기존 과수 꽃눈의 발육상태별 동사온도 기준만으로는 기온 공간변이가 큰 임의 지역의 저온해를 예상하기에는 한계가 있었다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 한계를 극복하고 조기 대응할 수 있도록 생육추정 모델을 이용해 과수의 생육 수준을 예측하여 봄철 기온 예보자료만으로 저온에 따른 위험수준을 정량적으로 평가할 수 있는 저온해 위험도 함수식을 도출하였다. 저온해 위험 추정식을 2018년을 대상으로 '후지' 사과, '장호원황도' 복숭아, '신고' 배에 적용하여 저온해 발생일과 위험분포의 지리적 양상을 주산지별로 분석한 결과, 4월 8일에 모든 과수에서 저온해가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 대표 주산지로 보면 사과는 거창, 함양, 장수에서, 복숭아는 의성, 청도, 김천, 임실, 남원, 대구에서, 배는 김천, 천안, 아산, 논산, 울산, 경주, 진주 일대에서 피해가 많이 발생했을 것으로 예상되었다. 이 기술은 과수 재배농가의 봄철 저온 피해 경감 및 이상기후에 따른 대응기술 마련에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.154-159
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• 2009

알코올에 의해 유도된 간 손상에 대한 지구자 추출물의 보호효과를 연구하였다. HepG2/2E1 세포에서 알코올로 유도된 ROS 생성과 산화적 손상에 대한 지구자 추출물 보호효과를 확인하였다. C57BL/6마우스를 대조군(NC), 알코올군(ET), 알코올과 지구자 추출물 1 g/kg body weight 투여군(ET-HD)으로 나누었다. 5 g/kg body weight의 알코올을 1주일간 ET와 ET-HD군에 투여하였다. 알코올 투여는 혈청 alanine amintransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST) 및 alkaline phosphatase(ALP)를 증가시키고, 지구자 추출물은 이러한 간 기능 지표효소의 증가를 억제시켰다. 간조직의 항산화 효소 활성은 알코올 투여에 의해 감소되었고, ET-HD군에서 SOD 및 GST 활성은 ET군과 비교하여 통계적으로 유의하게 높아졌다. GSH 함량은 ET군에서 NC군에 비하여 유의적으로 낮아졌고, ET-HD군에서 ET군과 비교하여 통계적으로 유의하게 높아졌으며, NC군과 유사한 함량을 나타내어 간 보호 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 지질과산화물 함량은 ET-HD군과 NC군이 유사한 함량을 나타냄으로써 알코올에 의해 유도된 지질과산화물 증가에 의한 간손상으로부터 지구자 추출물의 보호 효과를 보여 주었다. 이상의 결과로부터, 지구자 추출물은 세포 및 동물 모델에서 알코올로 유도된 간 손상으로부터 항산화 방어 대사의 증가와 지질과산화율의 감소에 의해 간세포 보호 활성을 나타냄을 확인하였다. 이에 지구자 추출물은 알코올성 간 손상으로부터 보호 효과를 갖는 소재로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.359-367
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• 2023

포도는 국내뿐만 아니라 세계적으로도 중요도가 높은 과수 중 하나이다. 최근 기후변화에 따른 생물계절 단계의 변화와 이상저온 발생은 봄철 포도 신초 피해의 발생가능성을 높이고 있으며, 안정적인 포도 생산에 위협이 되고 있다. 본 연구는 저온에 의한 발아기부터 초기 전엽기까지의 생물계절단계별 신초의 피해 정도와 수체 내 당 함량의 관계를 알아보고, 우리나라 주요 품종인 '캠벨얼리', '거봉', '샤인머스켓' 품종의 전엽기 기준 내한성 비교를 위해 수행하였다. 포도 '캠벨얼리'의 생물계절단계별 LT₅₀ 추정을 통한 내한성 평가 결과, 발아기부터 4매 전엽기까지 생물계절단계가 진행될수록 내한성은 지속적으로 감소하였다. 각 기관별 당함량은 신초 정단, 화수, 줄기에서 마찬가지로 지속적인 감소가 두드러졌다. 따라서 신초의 내한성 감소는 당 함량에 기인한 것으로 생각되었다. 국내 주요 품종인 '캠벨얼리', '거봉', '샤인머스켓'의 전엽기 내한성 비교 결과, 전체 당 함량이 가장 높은 샤인머스켓이 가장 낮은 LT₅₀을 보여 가장 높은 내한성을 나타내었다. 그 다음으로는 '거봉', '캠벨얼리' 순이었다. 내한성은 품종마다 다르지만 이는 절대적이지 않으며 생물계절단계에 따라서도 변화하는 것으로 생각되었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.281-290
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• 2004

The purpose of this project was to evaluate whether daily fruit juice consumption could reduce the DNA damage in healthy subjects. The study was performed using 67 healthy volunteers (29 smokers, 38 nonsmokers) who were supple-mented with 480 m1 of grape juice for 8 weeks. Eight weeks of grape juice consumption did not change any anthropometric parameters. Lymphocyte DNA damage before the study was significantly greater (p<0.05) in smoker than nonsmoker, but, grape juice consumption significantly reduced DNA damage in both smoker (26%) and nonsmoker (I7%) to the level where there was no difference remained between the two groups after the intervention trial. This preventive effect of grape juice against DNA damage was not affected by sex of the subjects in non-smokers. Plasma $\alpha$-carotene, Iyco-pene and ${\gamma}$-totopherol was significantly increased after the trial in smokers, while erythrocyte catalase was significan-tly increased in both smokers and nonsmokers. Total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP) level in all subjects was significantly reduced after the intervention, while GSH-Px activity was increased only in nonsmokers. These results suggests that daily consumption of grape juice may protect DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes, and supports the hypothesis that grape juice might exert their effect partially via a decrease in oxidative damage to DNA in humans partly by improving their antioxidative defense system.

• 약학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.239-245
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• 2007

In order to evaluate the genotoxicity of airborne particulate matter extracted with dichloromethane (APE), the rat microsome mediated (S-9) or DNA repair enzyme treated Comet assays were performed using the single cell gel electrophoresis in A549 human lung carcinoma cells. It was found that the cells interacting with APE showed more DNA single-strand breaks relative to untreated cells. The genotoxicity of APE was increased with the treatment of S-9 mixture. Microsome mediated DNA damage was inhibited by CYP1Al inhibitor, quercetin. The APE also showed oxidative DNA damage evaluated by endonuclease III treatment. Oxidative DNA damage of APE was inhibited by antioxidants such as vita- min C and Trolox. We also found that the vegetables or fruits extract may reduce APE-induced genotoxicity by their anti- oxidant activity and CYP1A1 inhibition.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.391-398
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• 2002

During handling unitized products, they are subjected to a variety of environmental hazards. Shock and vibration hazards are generally considered the most damaging of the environmental hazards on a product and it may encounter while passing through the distribution environment. A major cause of shock damage to products is drops during manual handling. The increasing use of unitization of pallets has been resulted in a reduction of the shock hazards. This has caused an increasing interest in research focused on vibration caused dam age. Damage to the product by the vibration most often occurs when a product or a product component has a natural frequency that falls within the range of the forcing frequencies of the particular mode of transportation being used. Transportation vibration is also a major cause of fruit and vegetable quality loss due to mechanical damage. This study was conducted to determine the vibration characteristics of the corrugated fiberboard bones for packages of pears, and to investigate the degree of vibration injury of the pears in the boxes during the simulated transportation environment. The vibration tests were performed on an electrohydraulic vibration exciter. The input acceleration to exciter was fixed at 0.25 G for a single container resonance test and 0.5 G for the vertical stacked container over the frequency range from 3 to 100 Hz. Function generator (HP-33120A) was connected by wire to the vibration exciter for controlling the input acceleration at a continuous logarithmic sweep rate of 1.0 octave per min. The peak frequency and acceleration on the single box test were 22.02 Hz, 1.5425 G respectively, and these values on the vertical stacked boxes were observed from the bottom box 19.02, 18.14, 16.62 and 15.40 Hz and 2.2987, 3.7654. 5.6087, and 7.9582 G, respectively. The pear in the bottom box had a slightly higher damage level than the fruit packed in the other stacked boxes. It is desirable that the package and transportation system has to be so designed that 15∼20 Hz frequency will not occur during the transportation environment.

• 약학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.251-259
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• 2011

Cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) is known to be carcinogenic compound. CSC contains many organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heterocyclic amine compounds (HCAs). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also generated and induce oxidative DNA damage during the metabolism of CSC. The rat microsome mediated and DNA repair enzyme treated comet assays together with conventional comet assay were performed to evaluate the mechanisms of CSC genotoxicity. The organic extract of CSC induced oxidative and microsome mediated DNA damage. Vitamin C as a model antioxidant reduced DNA damage in endonuclease III treated comet assay. One of flavonoid, galangin as a CYP1A1 inhibitor, reduced DNA damage in the presence of S-9 mixture. The ethanol extracts of the mixed vegetables (BV) or the mixed fruits (BF) showed potent inhibitory effects against CSC induced DNA damage with oxidative DNA lesions and in the prescence of S-9 mixture. These results indicate that BV and BF could prevent CSC-induced cellular DNA damage by inhibiting oxidative stress and suppressing cytochrome P450 in mammalian cells.