• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.69.2-70
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• 2003

For the selection and breeding of chestnut varieties resistant to the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, disease resistance and susceptibility of 28 varieties widely planted and growing in Korea were evaluated by artificial inoculation of a pathogenic fungus. For this experiment, a typical virulent strain (KCPC-19) was selected. Artificial inoculation was conducted into all varieties by using two different materials and methods, i.e., bark and wood tissue sections in the laboratory and living trees in the field. In the bark and wood tissue section method, the size of necrotic area and canker development on chestnut varieties were examined and compared 4 days after inoculation. There were wide variations of chestnut varieties in disease resistance and susceptibility against chestnut blight fungus, but 3 varieties, Daebo！, Ishizuchi, and Sandae, were shown to be relatively resistant to the disease with the necrotic area of 0.95-1.03 cm2, while Arima was the most susceptible with the size of 2.0 cm2. In the living tree inoculation examined 5 weeks after inoculation, 3 varieties, Daebo, Ishizuchi, and Riheiguri, showed the higher resistance, but Tono 2 did the highest susceptibility among tested varieties.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.354-362
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• 1992

This study was intended to examine feasibility of sizing and color grading of Fuji apple with black/white image processing system, to develop a device with which the whole surface of an apple could be captured by one camera, and to develop an algorithm for a high speed sorting. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The black/white image processing system used in this study showed a maximum error of 1.3% in area measurement with a reference figure while the focusing point of camera and location of the reference figure were changed within a certain range. 2. As the result of evaluating four automatic image segmentation algorithms with apple images, Histogram Clustering Method was the best in terms of computation time and accuracy. 3. The fast algorithm for analyzing size and coloration of apple was developed. 4. The whole surface of an apple could be captured in an image frame with two mirrors installed on the both sides of the sample. The total area of the image representing the whole surface showed a correlation of 0.995 with the weight of apple. 5. The gray level when a particular band pass filter was mounted on the camera showed high correlation with 'L' and 'a' values of Hunt color scale and could represent the coloration of apple.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.734-743
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• 2001

Iron deficiency anemia is a worldwide public health problem relevant to unsound nutritional practice. While the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia is very common among pregnant women, appropriate nutritional service programs to improve the iron status are lacking in Korea. In an attempt to develop a nutritional screening tool to separate the high-risk subjects of iron deficiency, we carried out a nutritional survey for 115 Korean pregnant women whose gestational age ranged from 13 to 24 weeks. Each subject was interviewed with questionnaires for general characteristics and dietary habits. Food intake was measured by 24-hour recap method and 2 day record. Fasting blood was drawn for measuring hemoglobin and serum ferritin. It appeared that half of the pregnant women belonged to the anemia group and had insufficient dietary habits to provide adequate amounts of dietary iron. The first gravida and the working women had better hematological iron indicators than the second or more gravida and the housewives. It also appeared that women who had bigger family size and lower BMI in pre-pregnancy had poorer iron status. Among the food consumption habits, fruit dependent dietary habit was related to poor iron status. Sufficiently consumed green leafy vegetable and appropriate amount of food before morning sickness were positive factors of iron stares. Our results indicated that parity, BMI, current job, family size, food habits including consumption of fruits, green & yellow vegetables, and food habits before the onset of morning sickness are significant factors to contribute the Fe deficiency anemia during pregnancy.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2011

Jasmonates control diverse plant developmental processes, such as seed germination, flower, fruit and seed development, senescence and tuberization in potato. To understand the role of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in potato tuberization, the Arabidopsis JMT gene encoding jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase was constitutively overexpressed in transgenic potato plants. Increases in tuber yield and size as well as in vitro tuberization frequency were observed in transgenic plants. These were correlated with JMT mRNA level-- the higher expression level, the higher the tuber yield and size. The levels of jasmonic acid (JA), MeJA and tuberonic acid (TA) were also higher than those in control plants. Transgenic plants also exhibited higher expression of jasmonate-responsive genes such as those for allene oxide cyclase (AOC) and proteinase inhibitor II (PINII). These results indicate that JMT overexpression induces jasmonate biosynthesis genes and thus JA and TA pools in transgenic potatoes. This results in enhanced tuber yield and size in transgenic potato plants.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 2016

This study was performed to improve the quality index of paprika by assessment of instrumental test and sensory attributes. Red paprika (11 cultivars), orange paprika (9 cultivars), and yellow paprika (10 cultivars) were provided by GyeongNam (GN) and JeonBuk Agricultural Research and Extension Services (JB). We measured hardness and color values using a colorimeter and TPA as well as developed new terminology such as cucumber taste, grass taste, green pepper flavor and appearance (size, color size, color, and glossiness), texture (hardness, juiciness), and taste (sweetness, pungency, sourness) to describe paprika quality attributes by trained panels. a* value of red 'Nagano' cultivar provided by JB was significantly low, and only b* value of orange paprika was significantly different among the samples. In the case of yellow paprika, b* values were not significantly different, and hardness was significantly different. Overall color values were different among samples provided by GN. Oranos, orange paprika, L value, b value, and hardness were different among the samples. Bitterness was negatively correlated with sweetness and positively correlated with green pepper aroma (p<0.05). Overall acceptability was positively correlated with size, juiciness, and sweetness (p<0.01) and negatively correlated with pungent (p<0.05) and bitterness (p<0.01). In conclusion, negative attributes such as bitterness and pungentness as well as positive attributes such as size, juiciness, and sweetness must be considered as important factors for consumer preference and breeding of new cultivars.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.613-627
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Despite the widespread use of dietary assessment tools, the validity of food records has not been evaluated in Koreans. We assessed the accuracy of estimated food records and the effect of a short education session in young Korean women. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Thirty women (aged 18-23 yrs) each completed 3 food records during a controlled-feeding study. One educational session was provided on day 2 of the study. Food records were analyzed for the accuracy of food items and portion size estimation according to food group (grains; meat, fish, eggs, and beans; vegetables; fruit; dairy; and oils and sugars) and type of dish (rice, kimchi, soup, side dishes, spreads, beverages, and snacks). Reported food items were categorized as exact, close, or far matches, exclusions, or intrusions. Portion sizes were evaluated as accurate, similar, or inaccurate estimates, or missing. The means of days 2 and 3 were used to assess post-education results. Paired t-tests were performed to assess the effects of the education session. RESULTS: The mean percentages of exact matches, close matches, far matches, and exclusions on day 1 were 80.9%, 10.9%, 2.0%, and 6.2%, respectively, and mean intrusions observed were 0.1. The education session slightly increased the accuracy of recorded food items. The percentages of accurate, similar, and inaccurate estimates, and missing portion sizes were 11.7%, 19.8%, 12.2%, and 56.3%, respectively, at baseline. The percentage of missing portion size estimates decreased to 14.0% after the education session, resulting in an increase in the percentages of all other estimates. An increase was observed in the accuracy of reported portion sizes of vegetables, rice, and kimchi. CONCLUSIONS: In young Korean women, estimated food records are highly accurate for food items but not for portion size estimates without prior education. A short education session can improve the accuracy of portion size estimation.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.263-268
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of nursery period and block size on seedling quality and fruit yield of paprika (Capsicum annuum L. 'Cupra'). Seeds of paprika (Capsicum annuum L., Cupra) were sown in rockwool plugs. Seedlings were transferred and grown to the rockwool block different sizes: $5{\times}5$, $7.5{\times}7.5$ and $10{\times}10cm$ at sowing after 15 days. The plants were transplanted by 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 days we planted the seeds to the rockwool slabs. Seedling growth was not influenced by block size in the 25 day old plant, since then growed poorly with increasing nursery period in the $5{\times}5cm$ block size, plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, dry weight have no difference from $10{\times}10cm$ and $7.5{\times}7.5cm$, but leaves and leaf area were higher $10{\times}10cm$ than the $7.5{\times}7.5cm$ block size. Growth of the paprika in field 80 days after sawing did not differ from nursery period and block size below 35 days old, but decreased with increasing nursery period and decreasing block size beyond 40 days old. Flowering did not differ from nursery period and block size below 35 days, but delayed with increasing nursery period and decreasing block size beyond 40 days old. The highest yield was obtained from 30 and 35 days old, and decreased with increasing nursery period and decreasing block size beyond 40 days old.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.692-700
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to determine the differences in fruit growth, fruit quality, and particularly the pedicel vascular bundles of 'Shigyoku' and 'Heukboseok' grapes, which appeared to be different in softening at harvest. 'Shigyoku' grape matured faster (by about 20 days) than 'Heukboseok' grape with slight fruit enlargement after veraison. However, fruit of 'Heukboseok' grapes showed remarkable enlargement in both the primary and secondary fruit enlargement periods. Hypodermal cell layers were not different after veraison in 'Shigyoku' grape, but degradation of the hypodermis cell wall continued in 'Heukboseok' grape, resulting in a gradual decline in firmness. The numbers of hypodermal cell layers in 'Shigyoku' and 'Heukboseok' grapes were 14.2 and 9.0, respectively. The average content of soluble solids in 'Shigyoku' grape ($19.5^{\circ}Brix$) was significantly ($p{\leq}0.01$) higher than that of 'Heukboseok' grape ($17.0^{\circ}Brix$). Xylem of the pedicel did not differ between the two varieties. However, average phloem area after veraison of 'Shigyoku' grape ($19044.8{\mu}m^2$) was about 1.8 fold greater than that of 'Heukboseok' grape ($10509.4{\mu}m^2$), based on the number of cells constituting the phloem. The cell number and area of the phloem might affect the accumulation of sugars, the main constituents of the cell wall, thus maintaining the firmness of grapes until late maturity. Therefore, the increased softening of 'Heukboseok' grapes at harvest might due to their phloem structure.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 2013

This experiment was conducted to find the effects of a $GA_3$ and thidiazuron (TDZ) on seedless rate, harvest time, fruit cracking and fruit quality in 'Kyoho' grapes over two years from 2008 to 2009. In 2008, fruit clusters were dip treated with $GA_3$ $25.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ twice at full bloom (FB) and 14 days after full bloom (DAFB) in a combination with TDZ 0 or $2.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Berry seedless rate and berry enlargement were slightly improved only when TDZ was added to the second $GA_3$ treatment at 14 DAFB, compared to $GA_3$ + TDZ treatments at both FB and 14 DAFB. However, berry cracking rate was significantly increased by any plant growth regulator (PGR) treatments compared to non treatment. In 2009, $GA_3$ at $12.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and $25.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ was dip treated twice at FB and 14 DAFB while TDZ $2.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ was treated only at 14 DAFB. Berry cracking rate was depended on the concentration of $GA_3$ applied. The higher concentration at $25.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ significantly increased berry cracking rate while the lower concentration at $12.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ had no effect. Also, the addition of TDZ to $GA_3$ $25.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ at 14 DAFB, substantially decreased the cracking rate to the level of untreated control. Although all PGR treatments advanced fruit maturity, the most significant advance occurred when TDZ was added to $GA_3$ $12.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ only at the second dip. Considering the overall aspects related to fruit maturity and quality, we concluded that the double applications of $12.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ $GA_3$ at FB and 14 DAFB with addition of $2.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ TDZ only at 14 DAFB was appropriate to produce about 400-500 g size of seedless 'Kyoho' grape cluster having 35-40 berries.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.353-359
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• 2000

'Yumyeong' is one of the most popular peach varieties in Korea. This study was conducted to monitor the developments of cells and tissues, and the changes in sugar contents during fruit growth and development. At bloom, there were two rows of vascular tissues, and the number and the position of internal vascular bundles were consistent during the fruit growth, however, the number of vascular tissues were increased and the distribution was irregular in the flesh tissues. The tissues between the inner integument and the internal vascular bundles showed different development characteristics from other parenchyma cells which were consisted of small and dense cells containing tannins. Such observation suggested that the stone of peach was consisted of inner epidermis and cells in the internal vascular tissues. The outer epidermis consisted of single layer cells at bloom differrentiated into 1-2 layers by horizontal cell divisions on 14 days after full bloom. On 30 days after full bloom, the epidermis was consisted of 5-6 layers by vertical cell divisions. The cell layers consisting the outer epidermis were gradually decreased to 1-2 layers at maturity. The observations on the changes in the epidermis confirmed that some of the cells consisting the hypodermis of peach fruit were originated from the cells of outer epidermis. Tylosis was observed from 35 days after full bloom and the size and number of tylosis were increased until full fruit maturity. The sucrose content showed the tendency of sharp increase from 50 days to 120 days after full bloom then decrease slightly. After when stone hardening ended, other solids showed a gradual decrease tendency from 80 days after full bloom.