• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1048-1054
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• 1992

With use of a simple, inexpensive and nonpharmacological program for blood conservation, 24 consecutive patients underwent elective or urgent coronary artery bypass grafting without need of homologous red cell transfusions and /or fresh frozen plasma transfusions in 16 patients[66.7%]. Left internal mammary artery graftings were done in 18 patients[75%], with supplemental saphenous vein grafts in all. Intraoperatively, autologous heparinized blood was removed before bypass and retransfused at the conclusion of ext-racorporeal circulation. The volume remaining in the oxygenator and tubing set was returned without cell processing or hemofiltration. Using the hard-shell cardiotomy reservoir from the oxygenator, autotransfusion of the shed mediastinal blood was continued hourly by the next early;norning. The mean postoperative mediastinal blood loss was 364$\pm$234ml, whereas 553$\pm$383ml was autotransfused. 4 patients [16.7%] received homologous blood and an additional 4 patients[16.7%] fresh frozen plasma. Thus, in total, 16 patients[66.7%] were not exposed to any homologous blood products during the hospital stay. At discharge, the mean hemoglobin concentration was 10.3$\pm$1.6g /dl. Postoperative complications were few and there was no hospital death.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2024

Background: Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) are commonly used to manage bleeding in patients during cardiac surgery. However, the relative efficacy and safety of these 2 strategies remain uncertain. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane were searched for studies comparing PCC and FFP in patients who underwent cardiac surgery complicated by bleeding. Review Manager (RevMan) ver. 5.4 (Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration) was used for statistical analysis. Binary and continuous outcomes were compared using pooled risk ratios and mean differences, respectively. The meta-analysis protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews under protocol number CRD42022379144. Results: We included 8 studies with 1,500 patients, of whom 613 (40.9%) received PCC. The mean follow-up period ranged from 28 to 90 days. The PCC group had significantly lower chest tube drainage at 24 hours (mean difference [MD], -148.50 mL; 95% CI, -253.02 to -43.99 mL; p=0.005; I² =42%). Fewer units of red blood cells (RBCs) were transfused within the first 24 hours (MD, -1.02 units; 95% CI, -1.81 to -0.24 units; p=0.01; I² =56%), and fewer patients required RBC transfusion within the first 24 hours (risk ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.78-0.93; p<0.007; I² =45%) in the PCC group. There were no statistically significant differences in secondary outcomes. Nonetheless, a subgroup analysis of randomized controlled trials failed to corroborate the results obtained from the main analysis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that PCC can be effective, without increased adverse events, when compared with FFP in patients undergoing cardiac surgery complicated by bleeding.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.1678-1682
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• 2001

The total proteins were estimated in both deoxycholate (DOC)-extract of sperm membrane and seminal plasma of chilled as well as frozen semen obtained from five Murrah buffalo bulls. Proteins were further characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in three bulls. The protein content of sperm membrane extract (SME) and that of seminal plasma (SP) decreased gradually with increase in freezing period from 6 to 24 mo when compared with the values observed in freshly chilled semen in all bulls. The total decrease in protein content of SME and SP varied from 30-40% and 28-59% respectively during 6-24 mo of freezing. The number of glycoproteins/proteins (GP/P) in SME varied from 4-8 in freshly-chilled semen of all bulls and reduced to 2-4 after 24 mo of freezing. In SP, the number of proteins varied from 6-10 in freshly chilled semen of all bulls and reduced to 3-8 after 24 mo of freezing. Some of the proteins in SME and SP disappeared, others got altered and appeared with change in molecular weight after different freezing times. These studies reveal that alterations in the sperm membrane proteins may be responsible for damage to their membrane during freezing and thus lowering their fertilizability.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the concentration of seminal plasma in aerobic and anaerobic conditions on the total motility(TM) and the progressive motility(PM) of spermatozoa in long term preservation of cooled equine semen. We also examine the pregnancy rates after artificial insemination using fresh, cooled or frozen semen, and different durations of cooled-preserved equine semen. In the aerobic state of cooled-preserved semen, As the increase of preserved duration to 24h, 48h, 72h, and 96h, TM tended to decrease in each of different concentrations of formalin-containing experimental group, TM tended to decrease regardless of the concentrations of SP. In different concentrations of SP, TM of without seminal plasma(SP W/O) group tended to be higher than that of SP 20%, SP 33% and SP 50%, especially TM of SP W/O group was significantly higher than other groups at 96 h (p<0.05). PM was higher in the groups of SP W/O and SP 20% than in the groups of SP 33% and SP 50% from 24 h to 72 h in cooled-preservation, especially PM of SP W/O group was significantly higher than other groups at 96 h (p<0.05). In the anaerobic condition of cooled-preserved semen, the results of TM and PM at different concentrations of SP were similar to the results in the aerobic condition although there was a difference in the ratio. The pregnancy rates of fresh-cooled, cooled-preserved and frozen semen were 66.3%, 60.7% and 34.5%, respectively, and the pregnancy rate of frozen semen was the lowest. We also found that it is possible to pregnancy after artificial insemination using 72 h cooled-preserved equine semen. There was similar of the pregnancy rates in the different month from April to August.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.792-794
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• 2009

Purpose: Clotting factor X deficiency is one of the most uncommon coagulation disorders. The authors describe a case of cleft palate in a patient with a congenital clotting factor X deficiency. Methods: In pediatric patients with a cleft palate, the coagulation problem is more worrisome, because they are more sensitive to blood than adults, and because postoperative bleeding can cause blood ingestion with subsequent vomiting, aspiration, and airway obstruction. To prevent hemorrhagic complications in the described case, fresh frozen plasma (FFP) was administered every 24 hrs from the day before surgery to the second postoperative day. Results: Good hemostasis, normal healing, and no complications was shown postoperatively. Conclusion: The replacement of fresh frozen plasma was useful in the case of congenital clotting factor deficiency for bleeding prophylaxis in cleft palate operation.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.275-279
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• 2009

The beneficial effect of glycerol as a cryoprotectant, especially for sperm cryopreservation, has been shown in many studies. However, glycerol is toxic to living cells, and boar sperm in particular show greater sensitivity to glycerol than sperm from other domestic animals. Amides have been studied as alternative cryoprotectants for freezing stallion sperm. Sperm frozen in methylformamide or dimethylformamide as cryoprotectants show similar motility when thawed compared with sperm frozen in glycerol. We evaluated the cryoprotective effects of dimethylformamide on boar sperm freezing. To test the effect of amides, the concentration of boar semen was adjusted to $10^9sperm/mL$, and seminal plasma was removed using Hulsen solution. After centrifugation, the pellet was diluted in modified-Modena B extender. Lactose-egg yolk (LEY) extender was used as the cooling extender. The freezing extender was madeed aaddition of the optimal amount of glycerol and amides to LEY-Glycerol-Orvus ES Paste extender, and this extender was used for the second dilution. Diluted sperm were frozen in liquid nitrogen using the 0.5 mL straw method. Sperm frozen in extender with glycerol as a cderol were compared with those frozen in extender including the different amides. Sperm were tested for motility, viability, the sperm chromatin structure assay, and normal apical ridge after thawing. The percent of motile sperm diluted in glycerol was as high as that in the stallion study (61%). Dimethylformamide showed positive effects on sperm quality and was better than glycerol. Methylformamide provided similar sperm quality as glycerol. Therefore, dimethylformamide is useful for reducing cryoinjury in boar sperm and is expected to be useful as an alternative cryoprotectant.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.485-492
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• 2018

This study aimed to develop and validate highly sensitive determination method of a prostaglandin ($PGE_1$, OP 1206) in human plasma by LC-MS/MS using column switching. Plasma stored at $-30^{\circ}C$ and treated with methanol effectively inhibited interferences synthesized post-sampling. Samples were added with internal standard and were separated by reversed-phase HPLC with a cycle time of 30min. The method was selective for OP 1206 and the regression models, based on internal standard, were linear across the concentration range 0.5-50 pg/mL with the limit of quantification of 0.5 pg/mL (limit of quantitation, LOQ) for OP 1206. The calibration curve of OP 1206 standards spiked in five individual plasma samples was linear ($r^2=0.9999$). Accuracy and precision at the concentrations of 0.5, 1.5, 5.0 and 40 pg/mL, and at the lower LOQ of 0.5 pg/mL were excellent at 20%. OP120 < 6 was stable in plasma samples for at least 24 hours at room temperature, 24 hours frozen at $-70^{\circ}C$, 24 hours in an auto sampler at $6^{\circ}C$, and for two freeze/unfreezing cycles. The validated determination method successfully quantified the concentrations of OP 1206 in plasma samples from simulated administrating a single $5{\mu}g$ OP 1206 formulation. Thus, this novel LC-MS/MS technique for drug separation, detection and quantitation is expected to become the standard highly-sensitive detection method in bioanalysis and to be applied to many low dose pharmaceutical products.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.486-492
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• 2007

개 정액의 정장은 정자를 동결 보존하기전 정액에서 제거되어진다. 그러나 근래 개정장이 정자를 냉각하고 동결하는데 유효한 효과가 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 정자를 냉각과 동결하기 전 정장을 정자 희석액에 첨가하여 정장이 정자의 생존성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 건강한 4마리의 수캐로부터 정액을 채취 혼합한 후 300g에서 10분간 원심분리하여 얻은 상층액을 다시 원심분리하고 상층액을 회수하여 정장으로 사용하였다. 정자의 희석액으로는 Egg yolk-Tris(EYT)를 사용하였다. 다음과 같이 두 가지 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 1: 정장이 0, 20, 40, 80, 100%비율로 포함된 EYT배지에 정자를 희석하여 두 시간 동안 $4^{\circ}C$나 $25^{\circ}C$에서 보관하였다. 정자수는 $2{\times}10^8/ml$로 조정하였다. 실험 2: 전체적으로 9개 실험군으로 구분하여 4개 실험군은 정장이 20, 40, 80, 100%포함된 EYT배지에 각각 정자를 희석하여 $4^{\circ}C$까지 냉각한 후 EYT+1.2 M glycerol배지로 2차 희석하여 동결하였다. 나머지 4개의 실험군은 EYT배지에 정자를 희석하여 $4^{\circ}C$까지 냉각한 후 각각 정장이 20, 40, 80, 100%포함된 EYT+1.2 M glycerol배지로 2차 희석하여 동결하였다. 대조군으로서 정장을 포함하지 않은 EYT배지에 정자를 희석하여 $4^{\circ}C$까지 냉각한 후 EYT+1.2 M glycerol배지로 2차 희석하여 동결하였다. glycerol의 최종농도는 0.6M, 정장의 최종농도는 10, 20, 40, 50%이었으며, 정자수는 $1{\times}10^8/ml$로 조정하였다. 정자를 straw에 충진하고 분당 $25^{\circ}C$의 냉각율과 액체질소를 이용하여 동결하였다. 융해는 $38^{\circ}C$에서 1분간 실시하였다. 정자 운동성, 정자 형질막 보존성(생존력), 정자 첨단체의 보존성을 검사하여 정자의 생존성을 검증하였다. 정자의 운동성은 400배율에서 현미경으로 관찰하였으며 생존력과 첨단체 보존성은 각각 이중형광염색과 Pisum sativum agglutinin을 이용하여 검사하였다. 실험 1의 결과는 보존온도와는 관련없이 희석액에 정장을 첨가하는 것은 정장이 포함되지 않은 희석액과 비교하여 정자의 운동성을 향상시키지 못했다. 실험 2 결과, 동결 전 냉각상태에서 정장을 포함한 EYT+0.6 M glycerol배지에 희석되었던 정자가 정장을 포함하지 않은 EYT+0.6 M glycerol배지보다 높은 진행운동성을 보였다(P<0.05). 그러나, 동결 융해 후 정장을 포함한 EYT+0.6 M glycerol배지에 희석되었던 정자의 생존력은 정장을 포함하지 않은 EYT+0.6 M glycerol배지보다 낮거나 비슷하게 나타났다. 본 실험의 결과를 요약하면 비록 정장이 동결보호제가 포함되지 않은 EYT에 혼합되었을 경우는 냉각되어진 정자의 생존성을 향상시키지는 못했으나 동결보호제가 포함된 EYT에 정장을 혼합한 경우 정장은 정자의 냉각 후 정자의 운동성을 향상시켰다.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2001년도 발생공학 국제심포지움 및 학술대회 발표자료집
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• pp.57-57
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the general characteristics such as volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm abnormality on whole semen, RSP-S and RSP-T semen and fractional semen of small size dogs, and the effect of temperature and preservation time and cryoproservation on motility of whole and RSP-S and RSP- T semen. Multiple ejaculates were collected from small dogs by the digital manipulation of penis. 1. The volume per ejaculate semen, sperm of concentration and motility and abnormal sperm rate of 1st fractional semen were 0.65±0.09㎖, 4.52±0.35×10/sup 6/ cells/㎖, 15.64±3.85% and 5.50±0.62%. Also, 2nd fractional semen were 1.25±0.20㎖, 3.35±0.48×10/sup 6/cells/㎖, 96.25±4.65% and 4.24±0.46%. And 3rd fractional semen were 1.45±0.21㎖, 3.85±0.52×10/sup 6/cell/㎖, 92.82±4.24% and 4.66±0.58%, respectively. 2. The sperm of concentration and motility and abnormal sperm rates of whole, RSP-S and RSP-T semen were 5.45±0.82×10/sup 6/ cells/㎖, 95.55±4.65%, 4.58±0.45% and 4.82±0.36×10/sup 6/cells/㎖, 90.10±3.42%, 6.48±0.68% and 4.55±0.45× 10/sup 6/cells/㎖, 93.25±3.85%, 4.82±0.58%, respectively. 3. The motility of whole, RSP-S and RSP-T semen were higher at 4℃ than at 38℃. When preservation temperature was at 4℃, survival rates of RSP-S and RSP-T sperm were 97.54%-6.25% at 1-72 hrs, 97.40%-5.62% at 1-100 hrs, respectively. 4. The survival rates of slow and rapid frozen 2nd fraction, RSP-S and RSP-T semen were 67.3±4.45%, 88.8±4.46% and 46.4±3.84%, 74.4±4.20%, respectively. Survival rates was significantly higher in frozen RSP-S and RSP-T semen than that in control group(8.5±2.12%).

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.229-234
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• 2002

본 연구는 불임견의 번식장애를 해결할 목적으로 개 정소상체로부터 채취한 정액을 tris-buffer로 원심분리하여 정장을 제거한 RSP-T 희석 정자의 일반성상과 동결방법 및 glycerol 농도가 동결융해 후 생존성에 미치는 영향과 난자와 정소상체 정자를 매정시켰을 때 정자침입율을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 1. WES, RSP-S 및 RSP-T 희석 정소상체 정액의 정자수는 각각 4.25 $\pm$ 0.25(X$10^{6}$ Cells/$m\ell$), 3.85 $\pm$ 0.20(x$10^{6}$cells/$m\ell$), 4.05 $\pm$ 0.28(X$10^{6}$cells/$m\ell$)이었고, 활력은 50.55 $\pm$ 2.75%, 67.25 $\pm$2.55%, 78.75$\pm$3.55%이었고, 기형정자율은 49.45$\pm$2.25%, 37.75 $\pm$ 2.10%, 24.25 $\pm$ 1.55%이었다. 2. RSP-S와 RSP-T 희석 정소상체 정액을 완만 동결을 했을 때 생존율은 각각 35.00 $\pm$2.35%, 45.50 $\pm$2.15%와 초급속동결시의 생존율은 16.50 $\pm$ 3.55%, 22.55 $\pm$ 3.95%이었다. RSP-T 희석 정소상체 정액을 동결시 내동제에 glycerol 농도를 2.0~8.0% 첨가하여 동결했을 때 생존율은 각각 9.25 $\pm$ 1.55%~17.50$\pm$2.50%로서 신선정액의 25.50% 4.50%~34.00$\pm$5.15%에 비해 낮은 생존율을 나타냈다. 3. 동결 융해한 정소상체 희석정자의 평균 수정 능 획득 율과 첨체반응 및 생존정자수는 각각 13.00 $\pm$ 2.35%, 3.55 $\pm$ 0.85%, 15.50 $\pm$ 1.90% 였고, 신선 정소상체 정액의 45.25$\pm$5.75%, 7.06 $\pm$0.25%, 49.20$\pm$6.80%이었다. 신선 및 동결 수정 능 획득 정자를 난자와 매정시켰을 때 난자내 정자의 침입율은 각각 39.25 $\pm$4.72 %와 34.24$\pm$3.93%였고, 난자당 정자의 침입 수는 각각 1.30$\pm$0.33개, 1.10$\pm$0.50개이었다.