• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.707-714
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• 2001

This paper presents the fundamental study on rational manu(acture of Very High Strength(VHS) concrete using industrial by-products as like silica fume, slag and fly ash. In this study, we had tested various mixing cases to manufacture the VHS concrete(target compressive strength : over 1,000 kgf/$cm^{2}$) which is easily workable (target slump flow : 60$\pm$l0cm), The main variables studied are; 1) test variables to find the optimum replacement ratio of mineral admixture, 2) test variables to find a rational water-binder ratio, a proper binder content, 3) test variables to find the method for reduction of slump loss, 4) test variables to know the influence of air entrainment on frost resistance. From the test results, it is concluded that the rational mix design can be made by using 40% slag, 10% silica fume, and water reducing agent(slump loss reduction type). We found that it is unnecessary to entrain air for freeze-thawing resistance.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.527-532
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• 2003

When fresh concrete is exposed to sufficiently low temperature, the free water in the concrete is cooled below its freezing point and transforms into ice, which causes decrease in compressive strength of concrete. Of the many influencing factors on the loss of compressive strength, the age of concrete at the beginning of freezing, water-cement ratio, and cement-type are significantly important. The objective of this study is to examine how the these factors affect the compressive strength of concrete frozen at early ages. The results from the tests showed that as age at the beginning of freezing is delayed and water-cement ratio is low, the loss of compressive strength decreases. In addition, concrete made with high-early-strength cement is less susceptible to frost damage than concrete made with ordinary portland cement.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.781-785
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• 2002

The effects of different surfaces on dry and wet frosting test were experimentally investigated. The results of experiment were compared by the performance evaluation coefficient (PEC). Results showed that the air-side pressure drop of lacquer coated evaporator increased by 5% as compared to the plasma treated one. It was also found that the Plasma coated evaporator is lower than lacquer coated one in the PEC ratio.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1996년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.148-153
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• 1996

Concrete with ground granulated blast-furnace slag can be affected by frost attack because the reaction of hydration is slow at the early age. In this study, therefore, the freezing and thawing test has been carried out to investigate the freezing and thawing resistance on concrete with ground granulated blast-furnace slag. The freezing and thawing test has been performed on concrete a blended cement, which was substituted by ground granulated blast-furnace slag with 4 kinds of ratio (non-admixture, 20%, 40% and 60%). And also tested on concrete added the AE agents to the concrete of same mix proportion to search the improvement effects about the resistance. As a result, the freezing and thawing resistance showed a tendency of reduction in proportion to the increase of the substitution ratio. For non-AE concrete, resistances of the freezing and thawing were very poor as the durability index indicated less than 5.8%. For AE concrte, resistance of the freezing and thawing were excellent as the durability index indicated more than 80.9%.

• 공업화학
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.786-794
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• 1994

폴리머-시멘트 모르타르의 강도와 내구성에 대하여 검토하였다. 폴리머-혼화제로서 styrene-butadiene rubber(SBR) 라텍스, ethylene-vinyl acetate(EVA) 에멀젼 및 polyacrylic ester(PAE) 에멀젼을 사용하고, 폴린머-시멘트 비를 다양하게 변화시켜(5, 10, 15, 20 wt%) 공시체를 제작하였다. 내구성의 평가시험으로는 동결융해시험, 내산성시험 및 내열성 시험을 수행하였다. 폴리머-시멘트 모르타르의 내동해성은 폴리머-시멘트비가 증가될수록 현저히 향상되었으나 내산성과 내열성은 저하되었다. SBR 폴리머-시멘트 모르타르의 강도(압축 및 휨강도)는 폴리머-시멘트비가 증가될수록 향상되었으나 EVA 및 PAE 폴리머-시멘트 모르타르는 폴리머-시멘트비 10wt%에서 최대치를 나타내었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.13-24
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• 1993

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 고강도(高强度) 콘크리트가 외부(外部)로부터의 수분(水分)의 공급(供給)을 받으면서 상온(常溫)에서 저온(低溫)까지의 가혹한 기상작용을 되풀이 받을 때 고강도(高强度) 콘크리트의 연결융해(連結融解)저항에 미치는 기포조직(氣泡組織) 및 강도특성(强度特性)의 영향에 대한 실험적(實驗的) 연구(硏究)이다. 이 연구(硏究)를 위하여 1단계 실험(實驗)에서는 보통 포틀랜드 시멘트를 사용한 AE콘크리트와 non-AE 콘크리트에 대해 물 시멘트비와 공기량을 중심(中心)으로 내연해성(耐連害性)과 기포조직과의 관계를 규명하고, 2단계 실험(實驗)에서는 non-AE 콘크리트의 내연해성(耐連害性)을 향상(向上)시키기 위해 공시체(供試體) 제작시 진동다짐으로 세심한 주의를 기울이고, 또 동결융해 시험시의 초기강도를 높이기 위해 조강(早强)포틀랜드 시멘트를 사용하여 고수밀성(高水密性)의 콘크리트를 제작하여 실험하였다. 이때 수밀성(水密性)를 투수시험(透水試驗)에 의한 투수계수(透水係數)를 측정하여 판단하고 아울러 고수밀성(高水密性) 콘크리트의 기포조직(氣泡組織)도 측정하였다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2009

Since a liquid-phase LPG injection system allows accurate control of fuel injection and increase in volumetric efficiency, it has advantages in achieving higher engine power and lower emissions compared to the mixer type LPG supplying system. However, this system also leads to an unexpected event called icing phenomenon which occurs when moisture in the air near the injector freezes and becomes frost around the nozzle hole due to extraction of heat from surrounding caused by instant fuel vaporization. As a result, it becomes difficult to control air/fuel ratio in engine operation, inducing exacerbation of engine performance and HC emission. One effort to mitigate icing phenomenon is to attach anti-icing injection tip in the end of nozzle. Therefore, in this study, the effect of engine operation parameters as well as surrounding conditions on icing phenomenon was investigated in a bench test rig with commercially-used anti-icing injection tips. The test results show that considerable ice was deposited on the surface near the nozzle hole of the anti-icing tip in low rpm and low load operating conditions in ambient air condition. This is because acceleration of detachment of deposited ice from the tip surface was induced in high load, high rpm conditions, resulting in decrease in frost accumulation. The results of the bench testing also demonstrate that little or no ice was formed at surrounding temperature below a freezing point since the absolute amount of moisture contained in the intake air is too small in such a low temperature.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 FR-ECC의 수축특성과 균열도입 전후의 내동해성을 평가하였으며, FR-ECC를 활용한 다층복공구조의 지수성능과 박리박락저항성, 또한 FR-ECC로 단면복구 된 보부재의 휨성능을 평가하였다. 그 결과, FR-ECC는 소성수축에 의한 균열 및 건조수축에 의한 길이변화율이 기존의 보수모르터에 비해 크게 저감되었으며, 구속상태에서의 건조수축에 대한 균열저항성이 개선됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한, FR-ECC는 내동해성이 매우 우수하였으며, 균열도입 후에도 동결융해작용에 의한 인장성능의 저하는 확인되지 않았다. 한편, FR-ECC로 보수된 휨부재는 초기균열모멘트, 항복모멘트 및 극한모멘트 등의 휨성능이 증대되었으며, 멀티플크랙 특성에 의해 휨파괴시까지 균열폭을 안정적으로 제어할 수 있었다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2022

초고성능 콘크리트(UHPC)는 낮은 물-바인더비(W/B), 고성능 감수제(SP), 혼화재 및 강섬유(Steel Fiber)의 혼입으로 일반 콘크리트보다 유동성, 강도 등에서 월등히 우수한 성능을 지닌 건설 재료이다. 본 연구에서는 UHPC를 활용하여 기존의 석재 패널을 대체할 수 있는 건축용 외장 패널을 제작하였다. 또한, UHPC의 W/B비 배합별 동일한 혼화제 투입량, 충전재의 혼입량, 소포제 및 강섬유 혼입 유무의 차이로 변수를 가지고 실험을 진행하였다. 평가 항목으로는 콘크리트 압축강도, 휨강도, 충격강도, 흡수율, 내동해성 등 물성 및 내구성 테스트를 진행하였다. 실험결과, 압축강도 최대 115.5MPa, 휨강도 20.3MPa을 확보하였으며 흡수율 1%이내, 충격강도 및 내동해성 평가는 규격 내 겉보기 관찰 결과 이상 없음 결과를 만족하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.39-42
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• 2002

Cloride attack of concrete is one of the important causes of corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete with carbonation and frost damage. In this paper, the effect of fly-ash on the cloride attack were investigated by varying water binder ratio and fly-ash contents according to the chloride ion penetrationa test. (ASTM C 1202-94) The principal conclusions from this research were as follows: 1) The compressive strength of concrete at large ages, depends more on $C_2$S contents of base cement than fly-ash contents. 2) On the other hand, the chloride ion penetration of concrete at large ages, principally depends on fly-ash contents and the influence of type of base cement is insignificant.