• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.156-164
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• 2016

We demonstrated the pretilt angle effect on the viewing angle properties of a single-domain fringe-field switching (FFS) liquid crystal (LC) mode. By performing the Póincare sphere analysis, we investigated, in detail, the origin of the viewing angle asymmetry that exists in the single-domain FFS LC mode both in the field-on and field-off states. Using this analysis, we confirmed that the pretilt angle reduces the viewing angle symmetry in the single-domain FFS LC mode. Finally, we examined the effect of a zero pretilt angle on the viewing angle symmetry by evaluating real single-domain FFS LC cells.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 2003

We have performed computer simulation to obtain electro-optic chracteristics of reflective liquid crystal display (LCD) using wide viewing angle LC mode, fringe field switching(FFS). Unlike other reflective LCD modes, in the FFS mode, the LC director in plance so an application to reflective display consisted of polarizer, LC layer and reflector is possible. when an incident light is 550mm, the optimal cell retardation value is 0.1365${\mu}$m and the efficiency of reflectivity is high over 90% with very little wavelength dispersion. Further, we have studied a new reflective display with polarizer, optical compensation film with half plate, LC plus reflector. The display with optimized cell parameters shows high contrast ratio (CR) over 130 with high light efficiency over 90% at normal direction and the CR greater than 5 exists over 60$^{\circ}$ of polar angle in all directions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.485-486
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• 2005

Fringe-field switching mode which has a horizontal and vertical electric field exhibits high transmittance and wide viewing angle characteristics. In the FFS mode, a passivation layer between common and pixel electrodes exists, which functions as preventing current leakage of fringe-field. In this paper, we have studied LC behavior, transmittance and operating voltage characteristics with applied voltage as a function of the passivation layer thickness and defined optimal value of the layer to be about $0.5{\mu}m$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.32-33
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• 2009

We propose viewing angle switchable liquid crystal display(LCD) associated with fringe-field switching (FFS) mode with high aperture ratio characteristic. This device is composed of R(red), G(green), B(blue), pixel and W(white) pixel in which R,G,B pixel shows image and white pixel for both viewing angle control and image. Conventional viewing angle controllable liquid crystal display has not transmittance because the liquid crystal only tilts up without rotates in viewing angle control region. In this paper, we suggested that the device has high transmittance characteristic because the LC directors are rotated in which viewing angle control region are generated fringe electric field.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.567-570
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• 2004

We have designed a single gap transflective liquid crystal display (LCD) driven by a fringe electric field, in which the LCs are homogeneously aligned in the initial state. In the reflective and transmissive areas, the degrees of the rotation of the LC director are $22.5^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$, respectively. Utilizing this mechanism and an in-cell retarder with a quarter-wave plate that is used below the LC layer, the transflective LCD using fringe-field switching (FFS) mode is realized.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.754-759
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• 2004

We have studied the fringe field switching (FFS) mode with the positive dielectric anisotropy for the fast response time. The factors such as the physical properties of the LC, the cell gap, and the rubbing angle were critical for the fast response time of the FFS mode. The response time became 10 ms faster when the rotational viscosity of the new LC is 20 mPa.s lower than the conventional LC. When the cell gap changed from 3.6 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ to 3.0 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, it was possible to achieve the total response time and response times associated with grey-to-grey transitions under 16 ms. And the response times including grey-to-grey transitions become fast as the rubbing angle decreases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.04b
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• pp.136-140
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• 2002

투과형 광 시야각 모드의 하나인 Fringe Field Switching (FFS) mode를 반사형 액정 디스플레이소자로 응용하여 전기 광학적 특성을 컴퓨터 시늉 하였다. FFS mode는 액정이 수평으로 균일하게 유지되면서 구동하므로, 시야각에 따른 굴절률 변화 역시 균일하게 유지된다. 이러한 특성 때문에 반사형 FFS mode는 부가적인 위상필름을 쓰지 않고, 액정층과 편광판 1매 만으로도 일정한 수준의 반사형 디스플레이 특성을 얻을 수 있다. 컴퓨터 시늉을 통해 1매 편광판과 액정층, 반사판으로 구성된 Normally Black모드의 셀 구조를 취하고, 셀 간격을 일정하게 유지하면서 액정의 ${\Delta}n$을 변화시켜 특성을 구하는 방식으로 수행하여, 입사광의 파장이 550nm일때 최적의 셀 위상차값으로 $d{\Delta}n$인 $0.1365{\mu}m$를 얻었다. 입사광원을 $0^{\circ}C$로 하고 편광판 투과율이 41%였을 때 정면 반사율은 on시 33.6%, off시 0.14%로 명암대비가 233:1이었다. 특히 시야각은 극각 $60^{\circ}C$이내의 전 방향에서 명암 대비비가 5이상의 특성을 보였다.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08a
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• pp.527-530
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• 2007

Film compensation to suppress a light leakage in the dark state of fringe-field switching (FFS) at off normal direction was performed by optimizing retardation value of discotic (negative A) and TAC films including in-plane switching (IPS). The normal FFS mode shows wide viewing angle characteristics that region of CR 10:1 is over $70^{\circ}$ of polar angle in all directions. The optimized FFS cell exhibits much better performances than other methods do in terms of CR and color uniformity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.63-64
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• 2009

Optical bounce during switching in the fringe field switching (FFS) mode using a liquid crystal (LC) with positive dielectric anisotropy has been observed. According to the analysis, it occurs at two positions which are center and edge of the pixel electrode, which decreases decaying response time. The former is major and mainly associated with increase in twist angle instantaneously during switching off resulted from decrease in tilt angle near by LC molecules at center. This paper discusses the origin of such optical bounces.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.720-725
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• 2002

The fringe-field switching (FFS) mode was known to exhibit both a wide viewing angle and high transmittance, especially when using the liquid crystal (LC) with negative dielectric anisotropy. In the device, the LC director rotates almost in-plane. However, in the bright state the device shows bluish and yellowish color along parallel and perpendicular to the LC director at off-normal directions since the LC director rotates only in one direction. Such a problem was greatly improved using a wedge shape of only pixel electrodes. In this way two different field directions exist in a pixel, enabling the LC director to rotate in two opposite directions. Consequently, owing to dual domain effect when using the LC with negative dielectric anisotropy, the viewing angle characteristics are greatly improved.