• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.237-240
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• 2020

This is the report of sacroiliac luxation in a Holstein-Friesian cow, describing the progression of the sacroiliac luxation from the onset of its development with changes in estradiol (E2) and serum chemistry. The high estrogen concentration was assumed to be a predisposing factor of the disease that relaxed the pelvic muscles and a secondary slippery finally caused the sacroiliac luxation. The E2 was present at levels four times higher in the cow with sacroiliac luxation (167 pg/mL) than in normal cows. Above normal levels of creatinine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase were also observed in cow with sacroiliac luxation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1670-1676
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• 2007

Fifty repeat breeder (RB) Friesian cows were allocated to five groups of 10 cows each, to determine the effect of progesterone (P4) supplement on P4 concentrations and pregnancy rates during the periods of corpus luteum (CL) formation and development between days 2-7 and 7-12 following a spontaneous or $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$-induced estrus. Cows were artificially inseminated during $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$-induced (PGF-P4-d2 and PGF-P4-d7 groups) or spontaneous (S-P4-d2, S-P4-d7, and control groups) estrus. Progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID) devoid of estrogen capsule were inserted either on d 2 (PGF-P4-d2 and S-P4-d2 groups) or d 7 (PGF-P4-d7 and S-P4-d7 groups) post-insemination and left in place for 5 days. Control cows did not receive any treatment. Blood samples were collected for progesterone analysis from all cows once daily for 4 days starting on the day of estrus (d 0) and once every 3 days thereafter until d 22. Progesterone treatment by day interaction accounted for higher plasma P4 in treated than non-treated control cows. Progesterone concentrations differed significantly (p<0.05) during metestrus (d 2 to d 7) but not during diestrus (d 7 to d 12). $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ treatment, lactation number, service number or their interactions did not affect progesterone concentrations and pregnancy rates. Therefore, cows were grouped according to the day of P4 supplement irrespective of the $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ treatment. Progesterone supplement on d 7 but not d 2 significantly increased (p<0.03) pregnancy rates in repeat breeding cows with four or more previous services but not in cows in their third service. In conclusion, post-insemination P4 supplement to repeat breeding cows with four or more previous services improved pregnancy rates and should be advocated when no specific reason for infertility is diagnosed. Further studies with larger numbers of repeat breeding cows under field conditions are needed to ascertain the findings of this study.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 1981

Holstein-Friesian cows(n=284) were given $100{\mu}g$ of gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH) or saline solution by intramuscular injection at 10 to 22 days after parturition, and were investigated their reproductive performance and frequency of ovarian cysts. Among them 28 cystic cows were injected with $150{\mu}g$ of GnRH intramuscularly and examined the recovery rate. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follows: 1. The interval from calving to 1st ovulation was reduced from 28.2 days in controls to 16.5 days for cows given GnRH (p<0.01). 2. The intervals from calving to 1st estrus and from calving to conception were extended significantly in control group (p<0.05). 3. Inseminations per conception and conception rate at 1st insemination did not reveal difference between two groups. 4. Frequency of ovarian cysts was reduced from 14.0% in control to 4.20% for cows given GnRH (p<0.05). 5. Of the 28 cystic cows receiving $150{\mu}g$ of GnRH, 23(82.1%) responded to 1st treatment and returned to estrus $24.2{\pm}4.3$ days after treatment. 6. These data provide evidence for reduction in infertility and reproductive disorders in early postpartum dairy cows given GnRH as a prophylactic.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.255-259
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• 1998

Sixteen Friesian Cows were allocated equally into 4 groups in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to evaluate the effects of utilizing bean by-products on the feed intake and milk production. Cows were fed on 4.5% of their body weight fresh alfalfa; the remainder of their requirements were covered by one of 4 experimental concentrate treatments: 1) commercial concentrate (CC), 2) 70% CC + 30% bean hulls (BH), 3) 70% CC + 30% Polished bean (PB) and 4) 70% CC+ 15% BH + 15% PB. Results showed that the inclusion of bean hulls at 30% improved (p<0.05) milk yield, 4% fat corrected milk yield, feed conversion ratio and fat percent of the milk over the other treatments. Feeding cows on a commercial concentrate plus 30% BH or 30% PB or 15% from each of BH and PB decreased the cost of feed per kg milk by 13.6, 2.5 and 1.3 %, respectively, lower than those fed on the commercial concentrate.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.435-438
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• 1992

Data were collected on productive and reproductive performance of different $F_1$ crossbred cows (Deshi cows joined by A.I. to Sindhi, Sahiwal, Jersey or Holstein-Friesian Bull semen) reared by farmers in and around the Bangladesh Agricultural University campus at Mymensingh. The traits considered were birth weight, age at first heat, age at first calving, gestation length, post-partum heat period, milk yield, lactation length, dry period and calving interval. Data were analyzed statistically using a completely randomized design and Duncan's Multiple Range Test to compare and determine the significance of between individual group means. It was observed that the Holstein $\times$ Deshi had the highest birth weight (21.4 kg) followed by Sahiwal (17.6 kg), Jersey (16.7 kg) and Sindhi (16.1 kg). Shortest age at first heat (854 and 920 days) and age at first calving (1002 and 1201 days) were found for the Jersey $\times$ Deshi and Holstein $\times$ Deshi crosses respectively. The post-partum heat period were significantly different between breeds with Jersey and Holstein sired calves having the shortest intervals. There was no difference in the gestation length of the four crosses. Holstein $\times$ Deshi and Jersey $\times$ Deshi cows gave the highest milk yields due to longer lactation periods and higher daily milk production. Similarly, Holstein $\times$ Deshi and Jersey $\times$ Deshi crosses had significantly shorter dry periods and Jersey $\times$ Deshi had a shorter calving interval. From this study it may be concluded that exotic genotypes such as Holstein-Friesian and Jersey can perform very well under rural conditions in Bangladesh.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.886-890
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• 1999

From previous studies, there is a strong possibility in buffaloes that the marked increase in blood volume (BV) under hot conditions contributes to heat transportation from the rectum to the skin. The present study was done to clarify changes with environmental temperature on water-shift between blood and extracellular fluid (ECF), heat distribution between the rectum and the skin, and blood flow rates (BFR) at the hind legs (reflecting the skin surface). Four buffaloes and four Friesian cows were successively exposed to three different temperatures of $20^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$. BV and ECF volume were measured with Evans' blue and sodium-thiocyanate dilution methods, respectively. Rectal and subcutaneous (as the skin) temperatures were measured by copper-constantan thermocouples. BFR were measured by a supersonic blood flow meter. With an increase in environmental temperature, skin temperature in buffaloes increased significantly than cows, but rectal temperature was not significantly different between two species. BV, especially plasma compartment, increased significantly in only buffaloes, while ECF volume did not change in both species. BFR increased significantly in buffaloes, but not in cows. From these results, the increased of BV may be caused by water flowing from ECF compartment. The water-shift may induce the increase of BFR and skin temperature. It is suggested in the present study that internal changes of blood compartment in buffaloes contribute to transfer of heat to the skin surface.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.1516-1519
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• 2001

The data consisted of 369 lactation records for calvings over a sixteen-year period (1972-1987) and included only cows that had normal milk records. The data were analysed using a linear model containing the fixed effects of parity, year of calving and season of calving. The least squares means${\pm}$S.E. were $1,273{\pm}58.4kg$ for milk yield, and for post-partum body weight (kg) at 2, 3 and 4 months after calving were $343.40{\pm}3.96$, $346.10{\pm}4.10$ and $352.54{\pm}4.26$, respectively. With the exception of season of calving, the effects of parity and year of calving were significant (p<0.01) on the performance of the animals. Thus, the mean-milk yields 1162, 1351 and 1350, were similar for pre-, peak- and post rainy seasons, respectively. On the other hand, as parity increased from 1 to 3, milk yield also increased, but thereafter, there was a gradual decline in milk yield. Similarly, post-partum body weight also increased with parity. However, no consistent pattern for year effect was observed which probably was a reflection of the variation in climatic conditions, or forage quality and/or availability. The phenotypic correlations between milk yield and post-partum body weights were negative and small (ranging from -0.01 to -0.08). However, high milk production in cows was associated with longer calving interval. The implications from the phenotypic correlations are suggestive of one or two possibilities. Firstly, selection for increased body weight may actually result in decreased milk yield. Also, a substantial genetic antagonism may exist between milk yield and fertility in the crossbred cows. Therefore, it is important that selection to improve milk production should take into consideration the reproductive performance of the cows.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1700-1713
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to verify the usefulness of artificial neural networks (ANN), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), naïve Bayes classifier (NBC), general discriminant analysis (GDA), and logistic regression (LR) for dystocia detection in Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White heifers and cows and to indicate the most influential predictors of calving difficulty. Methods: A total of 1,342 and 1,699 calving records including six categorical and four continuous predictors were used. Calving category (difficult vs easy or difficult, moderate and easy) was the dependent variable. Results: The maximum sensitivity, specificity and accuracy achieved for heifers on the independent test set were 0.855 (for ANN), 0.969 (for NBC), and 0.813 (for GDA), respectively, whereas the values for cows were 0.600 (for ANN), 1.000 and 0.965 (for NBC, GDA, and LR), respectively. With the three categories of calving difficulty, the maximum overall accuracy for heifers and cows was 0.589 (for MARS) and 0.649 (for ANN), respectively. The most influential predictors for heifers were an average calving difficulty score for the dam's sire, calving age and the mean yield of the farm, where the heifer was kept, whereas for cows, these additionally included: calf sex, the difficulty of the preceding calving, and the mean daily milk yield for the preceding lactation. Conclusion: The potential application of the investigated models in dairy cattle farming requires, however, their further improvement in order to reduce the rate of dystocia misdiagnosis and to increase detection reliability.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1098-1104
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• 2005

The trial was carried out on twenty-one Friesian cows at the end of eight months gestation, nine multiparous and twelve primiparous; allocated into three groups (1 control, 2 and 3 experimental). The same diet was administred to all three groups before partum (12.8 kg DM/head/day) and after partum (18.8 kg DM/head/day). The cows in groups 2 and 3 received two different daily quantities of amino-acid chelated chromium (0.6 and 1.2 mg Cr/kg DM) from 4 weeks prior to presumed parturition to 6 weeks after. The milk yield control was carried out at 15, 30, 42 and 60 days. All animals were immunised two weeks prior to the presumed parturition and two weeks after with the following antigens: ovalbumin and brucellergene. Blood samples were collected weekly to monitor humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. When analysing the results of antibody immunity (ovalbumin) in the sixth blood collection both treated groups significantly increased compared to group 1 (0.5230 and 0.4536 vs. 0.1812 OD; p<0.05). The results of the cell-mediated immune response (brucellergene) had significant differences (p<0.10) in correspondence to the third (between group 2 and control) and the fifth (between groups 3 and 2) blood collection. Significant differences in fat corrected milk were observed at 42 days between group 3 and the other two groups (31.01 vs. 26.99 and 28.66 kg/d, p<0.05) and at 60 days between group 3 and control (30.88 vs. 26.69 kg/d, p<0.05). Before partum and at partum a positive immune response was obtained with a lower dose of chromium. After partum a positive immune response, anti-OVA indicator, was obtained with the higher dose of chromium while, $\gamma$-IFN indicator, with the lower dose. A significant increase of the milk yield resulted at both 42 and 60 days with the highest level of chromium.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.69-71
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• 1978

Thirty heads of healthy pregnant and six heads of nonpregnant Holstein Friesian cows were selected for the purpose of serum chemical analysis. The partitions studied include serum total protein and total lipid with gestation periods (2.4.6.8. and 10 Months). The results were summarized as follows: 1. The mean value of serum total protein in 2 months of pregnant group was $7.70{\pm}0.28$ (7.4~8.3) g/100ml and then showed a tendency of decrease with the progress of pregnancy, that of 10 months group was figured $7.32{\pm}0.28$ (6.9~7.8) g/100ml. 2. The mean value of serum total lipids in 2 months of pregnant group was $335.67{\pm}14.69$ (300~386) mg/100ml and then showed a tendency of increase with the progress of pregnancy, that of 10 months group was figured $399.00{\pm}11.48$ (386~443) mg/100ml.