• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 1979

한국도시인(韓國都市人)의 식이(食餌) 가운데 Ca 급원식이(給源食餌)의 1일섭취량(日攝取量) 및 실제 섭취(攝取)되고 있는 1일(日) Ca 량(量)을 기초조사(基礎調査)하기 위하여 부산(釜山) 전(全) 산역(山域)에 있는 7개구(個區)의 아파트군(群) 가운데 165가구(家口)를 대상(對象)으로 Ca급원식이(給源食餌)의 종류(種類), 섭취량(攝取量), Ca 함량(含量), 조리법(調理法)등을 조사(調査)하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. Ca 섭취대상(攝取對象)으로는 멸치와 우유를 주로 섭취하고 있으며 1일(日) Ca급원식품중(給源食品中)의 Ca함량(含量)은 195.06mg으로서 권장량에 상당히 미달(未達)되고 있다. 2. 멸치는 통째 먹는 경우보다 용출시키거나 뼈부분(部分)을 제거(除去)하고 섭취한다. 3. 뱅어포, 새우는 사용빈도가 많지 않았다. 4. 사골은 $5{\sim}6$시간 정도(程度) 용출시켜 섭취하고 있으나 용출시간이 길수록 Ca 용출량이 많았다. 5. 그밖의 생선(生鮮)은 Ca 급원(給源)이라 인정(認定)되는 뼈부분(部分)의 섭취가 거의 안되고 있으므로 뼈를 먹는 조리방법(調理方法)이 개선(改善)되어야 하겠으며 뼈와 동시에 조리(調理)를 하여 결국은 먹지 않음으로해서 버려지는 조미료의 손실도 함께 막아야 될 것 같다. 6. Ca 은 체내흡수(體內吸收)가 용이(容易)하지 않으므로 흡수효과(吸收效果)도 고려한 식품선택(食品選擇) 및 방법(方法)이 권장되어야 하겠다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제6권1_2호
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 1973

In this paper, non-enzymatic browning reactions as a factor of self stability of boiled and dried anchovy were studied to discuss the effect of water activity to the discoloring reaction and the preservative moisture content. The development of rancidity of the fish meat was also mentioned since the fish is fatty and the lipid oxidation is a functional deteriorative reaction. Fresh anchovies were boiled in $10\%$ salt solution immediately after the catch, sun dried, and stored at room temperature ($20^{\circ}C$) for two months in humidistat chambers maintaining different levels of water activity as described in Table 1. The pigments formed by non-enzymatic browning reations were extracted in two fractions, those were chloroform-methanol soluble and water dialyzed fraction, and analyzed spectrophotometrically at the wavelength of 460 nm. These two fractions were considered, respectively to be the brown pigments formed by lipid oxidation reactions for the formler and for the latter, to be the pigments developed by sugar-amino or Maillard reaction. The oxidation of lipid in anchovy meat during the storage was measured as the changes in Peroxide value and the color development of thiobarbituric acid reaction. It is summarized from the results that the rate of both reactions, lipid oxidation and browning, was affected by water activity levels. In regard to the changes in peroxide and TBA value during the storage, the propagation of lipid oxidation was obviously accelerated at lower humidities whereas the development of browning progressed at the higher. These two reactions occurring simultaneously and contrary in activity resulted in that the rate of deterioration occurring oxidatively or by browning, was the minimum at the water activity of 0.32-0.45 which were $7-9\%$ as moisture content and slightly higher value than that of monolayer (Aw=0.21, $5.11\%$ as moisture content). It is also noted that the lipid oxidative browning was presumed to dominate sugar-amino reactions so that the rate of browning of the meat was ultimately depended on the development of rancidity although sugar-amino reactions initiated earlier than the other at the first ten days of storage, particulary at higher humidity. At the lower humidity sugar-amino reactions were occurred gradually but lower levels in color development in contrast to the consistent increase in lipid oxidative browning.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국해양공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
• /
• pp.57-61
• /
• 2004

According to the research result of existing regarding the seabed organic sediment, contamination it flows from the land and the sea become the enemy in the coastal water. It was caused with the summer season water temperature rise and dispersing recall respect advancement. Phosphorus which is a main reason of red tide actual condition came to reveal vast quantity with the facts that it gushes. Specially, in the case of the coastal closing waters and the nursery, as the corpse and the fresh fish washing veterinarian was imbrued, it is the actual condition where is more deepened. Consequently the development of shallow layer dredging method of that suction power which is stabilized is demanded to be able to dredge only the sediment layer which has not become the pressure and is a main reason of being imbrued. The dredging methods using the pressure difference minimize the suction of the seabed sediment. This method is stable that suction power which occurs from guard difference of the guard and the guard of the dredging system inland water. That's why it is possible to sort dredging of the organic sediment ranging in upper layer sediment and it will be able to expect the minimization of dredging quantity. Increase of the expense that it followsin orthocenter with the fact will not grow. Because the pressure difference of the dredger inland water is occurred by the suction power. Maintenance administrative costs are reduced, because the one of smallest dredging system maneuvers and the barge which affixes an integrated operation system is mainly in a resting. To reduce a dredging hour, it will be able to solve in the condensed water as operating the jar guard post.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 1980

Carp, Cypinus carpio, has been esteemed as one of the most tasty fresh water fishes in Korea. But little study on its food has been reported. The composition of fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides and their related compounds as chemical component of carp muscle were analyzed by gas-liauid chromatography, amino acid autoanalyzer and high speed liauid chromatography. The fatty acids of the carp muscle lipid consisted of the large amount of $C_{18}\;:\;2,$ $C_{18}\;:\;1,$ $C_{18}\;:\;3,$ $C_{16}\;:\;0,$ $C_{16}\;:\;1,$ acids, small amount of $C_{16}\;:\;2,$ $C_{18}\;:\;0,$ $C_{18}\;:\;4,$ $C_{14}\;:\;0,$ $C_{14}\;:\;1,$ $C_{12}\;:\;0,$ acids, and $C_{13}\;:\;1,$ $C_{13}\;:\;0,$ $C_{20}\;:\;1,$ $C_{17}\;:\;0,$ $C_{15}\;:\;1,$ $C_{17}\;:\;1,$ $C_{22}\;:\;1$ acids were smaller. In fresh carp, the results showed that inosine $17.25{\mu}mole/g$, hypoxanthine $10.06{\mu}mole/g$ were dominant and the content of GMP, IMP, AMP, UMP, CMP were 1.56, 1.36, 0.92, 0.49, $0.34\:{\mu}mole/g$ on dry base, respectively. Histidine and lysine were dominant amino acids in carp extract, having 49.4% (214.6mg%), 33.9% (147.1mg%) of total free amino acid contents, respectively, but the content of glycine, serine, alanine and glutamic acid were low, and arginine, aspartic acid, threonine, proline, valine, methionine, isoleucine, phenylalanine were detected in trace amount. The content of amino acid composition showed that glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, leucine, alanine, valine and arginine were the most abundant amino acids, while such amino acids as glycine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, threonine, histidine, methionine, serine and tyrosine were low, and proline was detected in trace amount.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.270-284
• /
• 1997

무지개 송어, 산천어, 뱀장어, 볼락 및 우럭에 대한 사료 carotenoids의 체내대사와 체색 개선효과를 검토하기 위하여, 사료에 ${\beta}-carotene$, lutein, canthaxanthin, astaxanthin 및 ${\beta}-apo-8’-carotenal$을 각각 첨가하여 4 내지 5주간 사육하여 표피의 carotenoids 성분의 변화를 분석, 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 무지개 송어 표피의 carotenoids 조성은, zeaxanthin, ${\beta}-carotene$ 및 canthaxanthin이 주성분이였으며, 그 외 lutein, isocryptoxanthin 및 salmoxanthin을 소량 성분으로 함유하며, 표피의 carotenoids 축적율은 canthaxanthin 첨가구에서 높게 나타나 체색 선명화 효과가 가장 컸으며, astaxanthin, ${\beta}-carotene$ 첨가구의 순으로 나타났다. 무지개 송어 표피에서의 carotenoids 대사경로는, ${\beta}-carotene$이 isocryptoxanthin, echinenone 및 canthaxanthin을 경유하여 astaxanthin으로 lutein은 canthaxanthin으로 산화되고, canthaxanthin은 isozeaxanthin을 경유하여 ${\beta}-carotene$으로 환원되며 astaxanthin은 triol을 경유하여 zeaxanthin으로 환원되는 대사경로를 추정할 수 있었다. 산천어 표피의 carotenoids 조성은, zeaxanthin이 주성분이며, 그 외 triol, lutein, tunaxanthin, ${\beta}-carotene$, ${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$ 및 canthaxanthin을 소량 성분으로 함유하며, 표피의 carotenoids 축적율은 canthaxanthin 첨가구에서 높게 나타나 체색 선명화 효과가 가장 컸으며, lutein, ${\beta}-carotene$ 첨가구의 순으로 나타났다. 산천어 표피에서의 carotenoids 대사경로는, ${\beta}-carotene$이 zeaxanthin으로 산화되고, lutein은 tunaxanthin을 경유하여 zeaxanthin으로 환원되고, canthaxanthin은 ${\beta}-carotene$을 경유하여 zeaxanthin으로 산화되며 astaxanthin은 triol을 경유하여 zeaxanthin으로 환원되는 대사경로를 추정할 수 있었다. 뱀장어 표피의 carotenoids 조성은, ${\beta}-carotene$이 주성분이였으며, 그 외 lutein, zeaxanthin 및${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$등이 소량 성분으로 함유하며, 표피의 carotenoids 축적율은 lutein 첨가구에서 높게 나타나 체색 선명화 효과가 가장 컸었고, canthaxanthin astaxanthin 첨가구의 순으로 나타났다. 뱀장어 표피에서의 carotenoids 대사경로는, ${\beta}-carotene$과 lutein은 그대로 축적되며, canthaxanthin은 ${\beta}-carotene$으로 그리고 astaxanthin은 zeaxanthin으로 환원되는 대사경로를 추정 할 수 있었다. 볼락 표피의 carotenoids 조성은, zeaxanthin, ${\beta}-carotene$, tunaxanthin A, tunaxanthin B, tunaxanthin C 및 lutein이 주성분이였으며, 그 외 ${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$, ${\alpha}-cryptoxanthin$, astaxanthin을 소량 성분으로 함유하며, 표피의 carotenoids 축적율은 lutein 첨가구에서 높게 나타나 체색 선명화 효과가 가장 컸으며, ${\beta}-carotene$, canthaxanthin 첨가구의 순으로 나타났다. 볼락 표피에서의 carotenoids의 대사경로는, ${\beta}-carotene$은 lutein으로 산화되며, lutein, canthaxanthin astaxanthin 및 ${\beta}-apo-8'-carotenal$은 zeaxanthin을 경유하여 tunaxanthin으로 각각 산화 및 환원되는 대사경로를 추정할 수 있었다. 우럭 표피의 carotenoids 조성은, ${\beta}-carotene$, astaxanthin 및 zeaxanthin이 주성분이였으며, 그 외 ${\alpha}-cryptoxanthin$, ${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$, lutein 및 canthaxanthin을 소량 성분으로 함유하며, 표피의 carotenoids 축적율은 lutein 첨가구에서 높게 나타나 체색 선명화 효과가 가장 컸으며, canthaxanthin, ${\beta}-carotene$ 첨가구의 순으로 나타났다. 우럭 표피에서의 carotenoids 대사경로는 ${\beta}-carotene$은 ${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$으로 산화되고, lutein은 ${\alpha}-cryptoxanthin$을 경유하여 ${\beta}-carotene$으로 환원되고, canthaxanthin은 ${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$, zeaxanthin을 경유하여 ${\alpha}-cryptoxanthin$으로 환원되며, astaxanthin은 isocryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin을 경유하여 tunaxanthin으로 대사되며, ${\beta}-apo-8’-carotenal$은 ${\beta}-cryptoxanthin$, zeaxanthin을 경유하여 ${\alpha}-cryptoxanthin$으로 환원되는 대사경로를 추정할 수 있었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제41권6호
• /
• pp.478-484
• /
• 2008

To elucidate the spawning behavior and early life history of Liobagrus mediadiposalis, mature male and female fish were collected from a branch of the Seomjin River. Spawning was induced by injecting hormones, and then the spawning process and development of fertilized eggs, larvae, and juveniles were observed. Observations of spawning behavior showed that the female established a territory and built a spawning nest, and frequently pressed on the upper ventral part of the male to release her eggs. When spawning was finished, the fish supplied fresh water to the egg mass using their pectoral and caudal fins. Hatching began 189 h 20 min after fertilization at $21.5-23.5^{\circ}C$ (mean $22.7^{\circ}C$). The mean total length (TL) of newly hatched larvae was 7.18-7.39 mm (mean 7.31 mm). Their mouth and anus were already open and they had 14+24=38 myotomes. Eighteen days after hatching, the larvae were 12.71-13.79 mm (mean 13.27 mm) in TL and the yolk sac was absorbed completely. At 35 days after hatching, when all the fin-rays had formed, the juveniles were 15.84-17.92 mm (mean 16.33 mm) in TL.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.161-171
• /
• 1984

An epidemiological study on Metagenimus yokegawai infection was performed in Samcheok-Bun, Kangwon Province during the period from November 1983 to October 1984. Formalin-ether concentration technique and Stoll's dilution egg counting method were employed to figure out the prevalence and infection intensity of M. yrtkogawai infection. The results are summarized as follow: 1. The Prevalence of M. yokogawai infection was 13.3% among 1,172 examined; 18.0% (114 out of 632) in male and 7.8% (42 out of 540) in female. 2. The Prevalence rates were different by stream; 15.5% in Ohsip-chon (stream), 11.8% in Maeup-chon and 1.6% in Gagok-chon. 3. Along the basin of Oship-chon; 8.2% at the lower reaches in Samcheok-eup, 25.9% at the middle reaches in Miro-myon and 6.2% at the upper reaches in Dogeoe-eup, respectively. 4. By age group, the highest fate (18.3∼20.2%) was observed in 30∼49 years of age (male 24.1∼28.7%, female 11.2∼13.2%). 5. By social strata, the positive rate was 15.0% (120 out of 799) in general inhabitants and 9.7% (36 out of 373) in school children. 6. Intensity by EPG count in feces was 419 in average; the light infection (less than 400 EPG) was 70.4%, moderate infection (401∼1,000 EPG) 19.4% and heavy infection (more than 1,001 EPG) 10.25 respectively. 7. All the 67 sweetfish (length 10.3∼18.5cm) which were caught from Ohsip-stream were infected with metacercariae of M. yokogawai and the number of metacercariae detected were 382 per fish in average (323 in June and 382 in September). 8. Experiences of intake of raw fresh-water fish [Plecoglossus altivelis and Leuciscus (Tribolodon〕 were present in 50.3U (354 out of 704) of the inhabitants along Ohsip-stream according to questionnaire study. The results of this survey indicated that the middle reaches of Ohsip-stream in Miro-myon, Samcheok-gun is the endemic region for M. yokogawai infection.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.44-50
• /
• 2015

The basic and main nutritive ingredients of two temperature (Anguilla japonica and A. rostrata) and two tropical (A. bicolor pacifica and A. marmorata) fresh water eel species that are farmed domestically were evaluated. With exception of A. rostrata, eels cultured at the same farm were used for analysis. The contents of crude protein were in the order A. marmorata (17.7%)>A. rostrata (17.5%)>A. bicolor pacifica (17.4%)>A. japonica (15.8%) and the contents of crude lipids were A. japonica (21.5%)>A. rostrata (15.4%)>A. bicolor pacifica (10.5%)>A. marmorata (8.9%). These values differed significantly even among the three species of eel farmed under identical culture conditions. In comparison, all four species of eel showed similar pattern in overall amino acid composition, although slight differences in the compositions of some amino acids were observed. The fatty acid compositions of muscle tissues were notably different among four species of eel, especially between the tropical and temperature eels. In a taste-test of the meat of the four eel species, which considered taste, flavor and texture, the overall preference was in the order A. japonica, A. marmorata, A. bicolor pacifica and A. rostrata.

• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.107-127
• /
• 2010

본 연구는 준설과 모래채취가 시행된 강진만 해역복원사업 이후 강진만의 생태계 변화에 대한 주민들의 인식변화를 알아보기 위하여 주민 모니터링을 실시한 것이다. 과거 주요 바지락 생산지였던 강진만의 갯벌생태계는 해역복원사업(모래채취 및 준설)으로 인하여 생태계가 교란되어 어패류를 생산할 수 없게 되었다. 아직도 부분적으로 고막과 석화 등이 채취되나 점차 그 생산량은 줄어들고 있다. 이로 인해 지역주민들의 삶도 크게 변화되고 있다. 농어촌의 특성상 인구가 급격히 줄어드는 특징은 여느 농어촌과 비슷하지만, 해역의 훼손과 오염으로 인해 어패류가 급감되자 생계에 직접적인 타격을 받은 어민들로 인해 더욱 심각한 인구감소가 나타나고 있다. 지역주민 인식분석 결과 강진만의 오염과 어패류의 급감은 해역복원사업과 장흥댐 건설로 인한 담수 공급 어려움에 의한 것으로 요약된다. 본 연구를 통하여 갯벌에 대한 생태계 조사뿐 아니라 이곳에 의존하는 어촌주민들에 대한 장기적인 사회경제 모니터링이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 2017

현재 국내에 유통되고 있는 담수관상어의 대부분은 수입에 의존하므로 외래 병원체 및 항생제 내성균의 유입 가능성이 크다. 본 연구에서는 담수에 상재하는 균으로 인수공통 감염이 가능하며 어류에 조건성병원균으로 작용하는 Aeromonas hydrophila를 다양한 수입 담수관상어로부터 분리하여 특성을 분석하고자 하였다. 수입 후 1일 이내의 관상어를 수족관으로부터 수집하여 0.5% NaCl을 포함하는 TSA 배지에 간, 신장, 비장을 도말하여 세균을 분리하였다. 세균의 형태, 생화학적 특성 및 starch- ampicillin agar (SA)에서의 clear zone 형성 유무에 근거하여 분리 균의 약 70%인 226 균주가 Aeromonas spp.로 확인되어 이들의 분리 빈도가 매우 높음을 알 수 있었다. 이들 중 9균주를 선택하여 16S rRNA gene의 sequence를 분석한 결과 모두 A. hydrophila로 동정되었으며 API 20E test에서 대부분의 분리 균주는 amygdalin, D-melibiose, D-sucrose, trisodium citrate, L-arabinose 이용에서 표준 균주와 차이를 보였다. 10종의 항균제에 대한 분리 균주의 감수성을 디스크 확산법으로 확인한 결과 amoxycillin, ampicillin에 대해서는 모든 균주가 저항성이었고 florfecicol에 대해서는 모두 감수성이었다. 그러나 7균주는 tetracycline 계통의 항균제와 erythromycin, nalidixic acid 등에 복합내성을 보였다. A. hydrophila로 동정된 9개 분리 균주를 금붕어에 인위 감염을 실시한 결과, 3 균주는 5일 이내에 60~80%의 폐사를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 다약제내성이면서 독력이 있는 Aeromonas가 수입관 상어를 따라 국내로 유입되어 전파될 수 있으므로 수입상에서 소비처로 판매되기 전의 방어적 조치가 필요하다는 것을 시사한다.